During the financial crisis of 2007, many businesses and banks faced unexpected circumstances and declared bankruptcy. Market mortgage crisis and the collapse of the economic system in United States created a substantial amount of damage in world economy. Within a few years, the economic downturn was transferred to developing countries such as Iran. The recession has created conditions for Iranian companies that have led them to focus more on the subject of advertising since this is the primary tool of communication and business customers business. Success and failure of many organizations and companies depend on their advertisement planning. In this study, the factors contributing to the success and effectiveness of advertising during the recession time are identified. This survey has been accomplished on investigating an Iranian dairy firm named “Kalle”. Using a questionnaire in Likert scale, the study determines the effects of various factors of advertisement on sales improvement in this firm using Pearson correlation ratio and rank them based on Freedman test. Cronbach alpha has been calculated as 0.93. According to the results, factors that contribute to the success of advertising during a recession include: Responsiveness to customers’ needs, advertising tools, content factors, the amount of money spent and availability.

Banks are the most important tool for preparing and supplying money in each country. In recent years, by institution of the new private banks and privatization of the governmental banks, banking competition has become very complex. This paper performs an empirical investigation to study the effects of different factors on return on assets and return on equities on 18 selected Iranian firms over the period 2002-2011. Using different regression models, the study studies the effects of total assets, debt ratio, etc. on return of assets (ROA) and return on equities (ROE) on selected eighteen Iranian banks as statistical community. The study considers total assets, ownership ratio, deposits to assets ratio, and loans to assets ratio as independent variables, and ROE and ROA as dependent variables. The results indicate that the private banks returns were better than governmental banks and the commercial banks’ returns were better than special banks. There is a reverse relationship between logarithm of total assets and ownership ratio with profitability based on return of assets.

This paper presents an empirical investigation to evaluate the relationship among firms’ performances including cash, management efficiency and profitability. The proposed study considers eight components of current ratio, acid-test ratio, properties turnover, receivables collection period, earnings per shares, assets flow, return on assets and return on equities. The study selects some firms from Tehran Stock Exchange over the period 2007-2011. Using Spearman correlation ratio as well as regression technique, the study has determined that there was a weak and positive correlation between cash conditions and the firms’ value. In addition, there is a reverse relationship between receivables collection period and the firms’ value. The study has also found some weak relationship between firms’ value and other management efficiency components. Finally, the study has detected some weak and direct relationship between the profitability and firms’ value.

This paper presents an empirical study to investigate the effect of organizational climate on organizational citizenship behavior in one of Iranian automakers. The proposed study uses a standard questionnaire for measuring organizational citizenship behavior, which is adopted from Podsakoff et al. (2000) [Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Paine, J. B., & Bachrach, D. G. (2000). Organizational citizenship behaviors: A critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature and suggestions for future research. Journal of management, 26(3), 513-563.]. The study also uses another questionnaire, which measures organizational climate, which is adopted from Arabac? (2010) [Arabac?, I. B. (2010). Academic and administration personnel & apos; s perceptions of organizational climate (Sample of Educational Faculty of F?rat University). Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(2), 4445-4450.] and both questionnaires are designed in Likert scale. Cronbach alphas for organizational citizenship behavior and organizational climate are measured as 0.78 and 0.84, respectively, which are above the acceptance level of 0.70. Therefore, we can confirm the validity of both questionnaires. The study is implemented among 200 experts in Iranian automaker, randomly and using Spearman correlation ratio as well as stepwise regression techniques, the study has detected a meaningful relationship between components of organizational climate and organizational citizenship behavior.

This paper investigates the effects of different factors influencing on supplement of currency in Iran and the likelihood of currency crises. The study implements two methods of Logit to determine the likelihood of currency crises based on the historical data over the period 1989-2012. In this study, currency crisis is defined in terms of three variables of currency change on market, interest rate and central bank foreign deposits. The results of the study indicate that the ratio of government (non-government) liabilities to central bank/Growth domestic product (GDP) has positive (negative) relationship with currency crises.

This paper investigates the effects of three factors of courtesy, generosity and responsibility on human resources development (HRM) in one of Iranian auto industries based on Yoon method [Yoon, C. (2009). The effects of organizational citizenship behaviors on ERP system success. Computers in Human Behavior, 25(2), 421-428.]. The study considers whether having a good sense of responsibility improves the quality of information in HRM. It also investigates whether having good courtesy as well as excellence improve HRM and finally the study investigates the effect of excellence on improving innovation in the area of information technology. Using structural equation modeling, the study confirms all hypotheses of the survey and the implementation of Freedman test confirms that courtesy plays the most important effect followed by having a good generosity and responsibility.

This paper presents an empirical investigation to study the status of intellectual capital at Islamic Azad Univeristy, Qods branch. The survey uses the questionnaire developed by Roos and Roos (1997) [Roos, G., & Roos, J. (1997). Measuring your company & apos; s intellectual performance. Long range planning, 30(3), 413-426.]. The results have detected that human capital, structural capital and physical capital are within desirable level although physical capital plays the most important role followed by structural capital and human capital. The survey did not find any evidence to believe that participants’ personal characteristics had any impact on our survey. Finally, the study has detected positive relationship among three components of the survey. In terms of physical capital, our participants believed that university officials must increase the speed of internet.

This paper presents an empirical investigation to determine critical success factors influencing the success of tile industry in Iran. The study designs a questionnaire in Likert scale, distributes it among some experts in tile industry. Using Pearson correlation test, the study has detected that there was a positive and meaningful relationship between marketing planning and the success of tile industry (r = 0.312 Sig. = 0.001). However, there is not any meaningful relationship between low cost production and success of tile industry (r = 0.13 Sig. = 0.12) and, there is a positive and meaningful relationship between organizational capabilities and success of tile industry (r = 0.635 Sig. = 0.000). Finally, our investigation states that technology and distributing systems also influence on the success of tile industry, positively. The study has also used five regression analyses where the success of tile industry was the dependent variable and marketing planning, low cost production and organizational capabilities are independent variables and the results have confirmed some positive and meaningful relationship between the successes of tile industry with all independent variables.

This research analyzes the effects of financial deepening as well as repression on industrial development in Iran. Using some time series data, the proposed study applies the method originally introduced by Johansen and Juselius (1990) [Johansen, S., & Juselius, K. (1990). Maximum likelihood estimation and inference on cointegration—with applications to the demand for money. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and statistics, 52(2), 169-210.] to measure the effects of these two factors on market development over the period 1970-2011. The results indicate that as the bank deposit increases, we may expect an increase on financial deepening and market development. On the other hand, as inflation increases, we could easily verify market repression and a reduction on market development. In addition, when there was an increase on loans dedicated to private sector, there was an increase on market development. Finally, there were some evidences to believe that currency devaluation could hurt market development by increasing the price of raw materials and market uncertainty.

This research analyzes the effects of Information Technology (IT) on Supply Chain Integration (SCI) through ERP mediator by proposing a conceptual model among these components. We also hypothesize that three constructs of IT influence on enterprise resource planning (ERP) success and one construct of ERP success influences on SCI. To clarify the relationships among the constructs, structural equation model (SEM) is conducted to examine the model fit and seven hypotheses. The data was collected from three Iranian firms through questionnaire with 23 questions adopted by past researches. The results confirmed that top management support of IT and employees’ general IT skills factors of IT enhance ERP success, and ERP success positively influences on Supply Chain Integration, so these two IT factors influence Supply Chain Integration through ERP success. Our data unsupported negative impact of satisfaction with legacy IT system on ERP success.