Due to the new hopes for treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) diseases by Teriflunomide (TFN), in this project, a cheap, robust, and fully validated method has been developed both for determination of assay content in API (active pharmaceutical ingredient), and for related impurities analysis (RIA). To operate the method, a common C18, end-capped (250 × 4.6) mm, 5µm liquid chromatography column, was applied. The mobile phase A was prepared by dissolving 2.74 g (20mM) of PDP (potassium dihydrogen phosphate) and 3.72 g (50mM) of PC (potassium chloride) in water (1000 mL). Then, pH was adjusted to 3.0 by adding OPA (ortho-phosphoric acid) 85%; while, the mobile phase B was acetonitrile (ACN) (100%). In order to confirm the experimental data about the λmax of TFN, we have used the Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) simulations, quantum mechanics (QM), and TD-DFT calculations. According to the results, the method showed a high level of suitability, specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, repeatability, robustness, and reliable detection limit.

The problems of protecting equipment, structures and operators from the harmful effects of vibrations are among the most painful topics of modern mechanical engineering. In this research an original design of a friction shock absorber is presented in which the principle of operation is based on the contact interaction of a package of open shells with weakly compressible deformable filler. The proposed design is simple and technologically advanced, suitable for operation under high dynamic loads and at the same time has a compact transverse dimension. Such shock absorbers are projected to be used in the mining and oil and gas industries. A finite element model of a friction shock absorber with two contact pairs has been constructed: the first contact pair is "filler - package of open shells"; the second contact pair is "inner shell of the package - outer shell". The contacting bodies were presented as separate arrays of finite elements and the conditions of frictional interaction on the contact surfaces were set in the form of Coulomb's law. We considered the behavior of such a structurally nonlinear system under the action of a monotonic and nonmonotonic load. In the course of the study, the main operational characteristics of the shock absorber including the strength, rigidity, hysteresis characteristics and natural frequencies were determined. The possibility of adjusting the rigidity and shock-absorbing characteristics of the proposed device is discussed.

The study proposes a set of enablers of the consumer sustainable organic food consumption and detects the interrelationship between these attributes. This paper adopts the fuzzy set theory and decision-making trial and evaluation to explore the interrelationship between attributes, including consumer demographic aspect, psychological aspect, social-level aspect and stakeholder impact being explained through 13 criteria and being assessed by experts in the industry. The findings show that stakeholder impact and demographic aspect belong to a causal group and impact the other two aspects. The six most important attributes affecting sustainable consumption of organic foods are support and guidance from government support, mass media, education and research institutions, educational level, income status and consumer age. The study grants an alternative approach for sustainable consumption theory through providing a fuzzy-set theory for multiple criteria decisions making in sustainable consumption of organic foo

Due to the new hopes for treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) diseases by Teriflunomide (TFN), in this project, a cheap, robust, and fully validated method has been developed both for determination of assay content in API (active pharmaceutical ingredient), and for related impurities analysis (RIA). To operate the method, a common C18, end-capped (250 × 4.6) mm, 5µm liquid chromatography column, was applied. The mobile phase A was prepared by dissolving 2.74 g (20mM) of PDP (potassium dihydrogen phosphate) and 3.72 g (50mM) of PC (potassium chloride) in water (1000 mL). Then, pH was adjusted to 3.0 by adding OPA (ortho-phosphoric acid) 85%; while, the mobile phase B was acetonitrile (ACN) (100%). In order to confirm the experimental data about the λmax of TFN, we have used the Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) simulations, quantum mechanics (QM), and TD-DFT calculations. According to the results, the method showed a high level of suitability, specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, repeatability, robustness, and reliable detection limit.

Manufacturing, in general, creates a finished good from a set of simpler supplied parts. Supplied parts are installed into higher assemblies, higher assemblies move into even higher assemblies, and eventually this terminates at the finished good. Delays or variation during the manufacturing process ripple all the way to the finished good, possibly from different branches of the build and possibly magnifying any individual effect. There is extensive literature regarding Lean Manufacturing and it provides strategies and business philosophy to deal with variation, however it offers little in the way of quantitative analysis on the effects of that variation upon the whole. Digital Twins and discrete event simulations can and have been used to model the impact of variation in its totality. Various papers on Digital Twins have explored how to model manufacturing, but very little on generalized behavior. (i.e. How schedule slips at the subassemblies impacts the delivery dates / quantities at the finished good level). This paper explores the analytical quantitative effects of input/sales variation through the manufacturing cycle and the resultant effect on the finished good manufacturing schedule/cycle. We demonstrate that even small random variations/interruptions propagate up the build chain, get reduced in magnitude and end up producing predictable reductions in the average build rate of the final product. Additionally, it is shown that the more supplied parts that comprise a finished good the greater the expected reduction in average build rate.

The healthcare system is a vital element for any community, as it extremely affects the socio-economic development of any country. The current study aims to assess the performance of the healthcare systems of the countries above fifty million citizens in facing the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic since late December 2019. For this purpose, seven scenarios were adopted via the DEA methodology with six variables, which are the number of medical practitioners (doctors and nurses), hospital beds, Conducted Covid-19 tests, affected cases, recovered cases, and death cases. To shed light on the relative efficiency of drivers, the Tobit analysis was used. Besides, the study carried out various statistical tests for the DEA models' findings to validate the choice of the variables and the obtained scores. The DEA results reveal that less than half of the considered countries are relatively efficient. Moreover, the Tobit regression analysis showed that the main impact on the efficiency scores was due to the number of affected and recovered cases. Finally, the results of the tests of Spearman, Mann-Whitney U, and Kruskal-Wallis H indicate the internal validity and robustness of the chosen DEA models. The current study findings raise important implications, which can be helpful for decision makers regarding continuous improvement of performance, in which the findings assert the importance of achieving the best practices regarding relative efficiency through the linkage between the healthcare systems’ resources, and the needed outputs.

A sequence of pyrano[2, 3-c]pyrazoles was constructed through promoting an eco-friendly, green, and efficient approach. M1-M25 derivatives were developed by a base-catalyzed one-pot reaction involving application of hydrazine hydrate 96%, β-keto ester as ethyl acetoacetate or diethyl malonate, aryl/heteroaryl aldehyde or isatin, and enolizable active methylene compounds with isolation of unexpected compound M2. Further on, intramolecular cyclization of compounds M10, M13 with formic acid, acetic anhydride, and formamide leads to the corresponding pyrimidine derivatives M26-M31. Afterwards, the antimicrobial activity of the compounds was evaluated and fortunately, the vast majority of the compounds showed outstanding anti-bacterial results. Besides, the potential mode of action of the synthesized compounds was determined by employing a molecular-docking study against penicillin-binding protein implicated in anti-bacterial action. Compound M21 was one of the most promising anti-bacterial agents with potential binding affinity against the penicillin-binding protein. This study shed light on novel compounds for further antimicrobial drug development.

Flow shop scheduling problems with rudimentary criteria of minimum makespan are the most important investigated problems in the field of scheduling. Generally during the process of generating an optimal sequence, multiple partial sequences claiming the optimal value of makespan are observed. In this paper a novel tie-breaking rule to select one of the best optimal sequences out of all possible partial sequences is developed which then applied to Nawaz-Enscore-Ham (NEH) heuristic to solve the scheduling problems in permutation flowshop without increasing the computational complexity. The performance of proposed heuristic is tested with other existing tie-breaking heuristics of similar complexity over Taillard and VRF's instances. Computational results reveal that in terms of solution quality, the proposed heuristic outperforms over the other NEH based heuristics of the same complexity reported in literature.

The development of the Islamic State (IS) in Southeast Asia creates changes in the social order in a direct and indirect manner. This study aims to identify the factors that influence the development of the Islamic State (IS) and analyze the influence of its development on social vulnerability in Southeast Asia. This study employed a mixed-method supported by the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM), Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), and System Dynamics (SD). Based on the results of research from relevant experts, this study uncovered seven the most dominant and structured problems. Furthermore, there are fourteen elements related to the social vulnerability of the Islamic State (IS) in Southeast Asia. The social vulnerability value is 0.01 and is categorized as Low Vulnerability. The aspects that influence the development of Islamic State indicate that the existing social system in Southeast Asia is strong enough in encountering the influence of ideology and the development of the Islamic State.

Sulfonamides are a very good antibacterial agent that targets essential bacterial enzymes specifically DNA gyrase. The objective of the present work was to investigate the molecular docking of the (4-(tert-butyl)-N,N-diethylbenzenesulfonamide) with the DNA gyrase of S. aureus. The energy-free topoisomerase activity of the A subunit, which breaks the DNA, is inhibited by 4-quilones such as nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin. The energy transducing activity of the B subunit is inhibited by novobiocin and other coumarin antibiotics. Single crystal X-ray diffractometer study was carried out to understand the structure, physical and chemical reactive parameters, the title compound is crystallized under monoclinic crystal system with the space group of P21/C. To understand the behaviour of the title compound in living organism, Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion analysis was done using Swiss ADME and Osiris data warrior tool. Further, Toxicity of the title compound was predicted by using PKCSM online software.