The push-off phase is a critical part of initiating movement during walking, and it requires a significant amount of energy. Recent research has shown that the passive use of springs in parallel with the leg can harvest the push-off energy and reduce the total metabolic energy of walking for healthy subjects. In this study, we present the design of a prosthetic leg with a passive-based mechanism to reduce walking energy consumption for above-knee amputees. The mechanism stores energy during the stance phase of the gait cycle and releases it to support the prosthetic leg during locomotion. The known polycentric knee joint 3R36 and the ankle-foot joint ESAR were chosen and adopted for this study. We also utilized a ratchet clutch that connects with a spring and rope from the pylon to the foot which regulates movement and saves energy. Our simulations demonstrate that the spring stores elastic energy from approximately 22% of the gait cycle and reaches its maximum energy storage at approximately 50% of the walking cycle. The energy is then released at approximately 58% of the stride cycle during the push-off phase. The motion of the proposed prosthetic leg for individuals with transfemoral amputations mimics the normal walking pattern of healthy individuals well.

A series of isoxazole derivatives, 3-aryl-5-[5-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-furyl]-2,3-dihydroisoxazoles (5a-j) were synthesized by cyclocondensation reaction between 1-aryl-3-[5-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-furyl]prop-2-en-1-ones (4a-j) and hydroxylamine hydrochloride in presence of sodium acetate in glacial acetic acid at reflux temperature. Formerly, compounds (4a-j) were synthesized by the condensation of 5-(4-nitrophenyl) furan-2-carbaldehyde (3) with various aromatic ketones by using alkali as catalyst. The structures of the synthesized various isoxazole have been characterized by using elemental analysis, Infrared,¹H-NMR spectroscopy and further supported by Mass spectroscopy. All the products have been screened for their in-vitro biological assay like antibacterial activity towards Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains and antifungal activity towards Aspergillus niger at a concentration of 40 µg/ml. It was exposed that the compounds 5a, 5c, 5e, 5f, and 5i showed inspiring antibacterial and antifungal activity compared to the used reference standard.

Using the assumption that the load is evenly distributed in the horizontal direction, the article has given the cable deflection equation as a function that depends only on the horizontal coordinates, the length of the cable and horizontal distance between two supports. This result leads to the construction of a general system of equations to calculate the deflection, tension, and elongation of an elastic single cable resting on two supports with or without high difference, bearing uniformly distributed loads (or evenly distributed at intervals) and load is concentrated at many points. Calculations of examples to compare with results have been performed by other methods.

Flavanol compounds are chalcone derivatives, generally found in hydroxy substituted forms that can act as ligands. Hydroxy-substituted flavonols are found in many plants but in very small amounts. In order to enrich and expand the use of this compound as a ligand, the synthetic methods were carried out through structural variations, one of which was by substitution using chloride and then the compound (2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-4H-chromene-4-one) was obtained. In this research, the study was conducted using the compound (2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-4H-chromene-4-one) as a ligand for complex formation with copper (II). From the results of the study, the mole ratio of the ligand with copper (II) metal was 2:1, pH 7.01 with a complex stability time of 15-25 minutes. The complex formed is bright yellow in color and soluble in chloroform. From the characterization of the resulted complex, it was appeared that Cu-flavonol chloride with UV-Vis spectrophotometer showed maximum absorption at wavelengths 273 and 429 indicating the presence of benzoyl and cinnamoyl peaks, with FT-IR showing the wave number 1545cm-1 indicating the presence of Cu=O-Cu bonds and absorption at 682 cm-1 indicating the presence of Cu-O bonds.

Increasing the yield and nutritional value of faba beans is one of the main objectives of the common bean cultivar improvement programs due to its contribution to terminate protein deficiency malnutrition in developing countries and raising the income level of smallholder farmers. In this study, the technological quality of bean seeds from twenty-four genotypes were evaluated (twenty germplasm and four improved cultivars (Misr 1, Giza 429, Giza 716, Giza 843). The results showed a significant diversity in the Egyptian bean germplasm in their quality traits compared to the control cultivars and indicated that the genotypes had a high hydration coefficient that ranged between (98.6-112.4%). While most of the genotypes for cotyledons to hull ratio met the commercial criteria that ranged between (7.41-6.41%). Twenty genotypes had the highest total soluble solids (6.90-11.78%) and were superior to the control cultivars. The seeds chemical composition analysis showed that the genotypes differed in their composition such as protein (26.65 to 30.72 %.), carbohydrate (58.00 to 62.25%), tannin (70.67 to 157.45%), phenols (35.23-51.02 %), and moisture (9.15 to 10.45%).

Experience plays a vital role in the decision-making (DM) process. In this paper simulation, modeling, and analysis of past experience over DM has been done using the Iowa gambling task (IGT). The Human DM process is very complex and difficult to model through computational methods because it is a subjective type of process and varies person-to-person. Therefore, this study is an attempt to simulate a DM model similar to the human DM process. For this collection of real data was done and was provided as input to the developed eight Reinforcement Learning (RL) models. The result shows that the performance of the model based on Prospect Utility (PU) learned with Decay Reinforcement Rule (DRI) and Trial Dependency Choice (TDC) is better as compared to other models. It is observed from the analysis of data and also validated that simulation and models output that the experienced group performs better than inexperienced.

A lack of natural aggregates in the future is unavoidable, which generates issues for building development. For many industries, natural resources constitute a significant source of revenue. As a result, light artificial aggregate is produced to anticipate the decreasing source of natural aggregate. Production of artificial geopolymer aggregates, fly ash from the burning of coal has been proposed. This paper investigates the optimal proportion of epoxy resin and coal fly ash-based synthetic aggregates. The artificial aggregates are produced following specific gravity and compressive strength standards that may be used as a component of lightweight structural concrete (LWC). The production polymer lightweight aggregate (PLA) comes from a combination of coal fly ash and epoxy resin. The results show that PLA 50:50 to PLA 74:26 can be used for 6 hours to make structural concrete with a strength of more than 17 MPa. PLA 80:20 could achieve compressive strength with the range of 7-17 MPa. PLA 84:16 achieves a compressive strength range of 0.35 to 7 MPa and is utilized as a non-structural element. However, the flexural strength values in concrete LWC 70:30 and LWC 80:20 are higher, at 46.1% and 7.63%, respectively.

The chitosan-coated neem flower powder was prepared and employed as an adsorbent for the removal of cationic methylene blue from an aqueous medium. The interaction of chitosan with neem flower was concluded by FTIR. The BET surface area was evaluated for the prepared NFC adsorbent. The adsorption of methylene blue dye onto chitosan-coated neem flower powder (bio-adsorbent) was carried out by varying the concentration of dye, pH, temperature and concentration of adsorbent. The adsorption capacity was evaluated by using Freundlich and Langmuir models. The adsorption data were further analysed with the help of pseudo-first and second-order kinetic models. The thermodynamic parameters were evaluated to comprehend the nature of the adsorption process.

In this paper, Finite Element Analysis was used to simulate ship hatch covers with different grid geometries viz. Square grid, Inclined grid, Diamond grid and Honeycomb grid. The entire finite element analysis results were generated by ANSYS® 2022 workbench environment. The hatch cover provides an air tight barrier protection for the cargo. For the present simulation the original hatch cover dimensions are used (21000 × 14000 × 300 mm). The principle objective of the present paper is aimed at proposing a light-weight material, so called glass fibre reinforced plastic material over the existing steel to reduce the weight for the cargo ship to improve the efficiency by reducing fuel consumption so that dead weight is downgraded. Glass fibre reinforced hatch cover also reduces man power for the process of handling the hatch cover. Based upon the finite element analysis outcomes of different grid geometries are Square, Inclined, Diamond, Honeycomb optimal core grid of hatch cover was chosen. A scaled down model of hatch cover using glass fibre reinforced plastic with an optimal grid structure has been also developed in this paper.

From 2000 to 2019, trade between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Peru grew at an average annual rate of 22%, however, income and wealth inequality in Peru remained the same. The aim of this study is to understand the effect of trade between Peru and China on the inclusive economic growth of Peru from 2000 to 2019. The method used was the correlation of variables, and a linear regression between Peru and China trade and several indicators of inclusive economic growth in the Peruvian economy was performed using the Ordinary Least Squares model. The results suggest that there is sufficient statistical evidence to support that inclusive economic growth may depend on increased trade between Peru and China; the study show that if trade growth between Peru and China fluctuates by $1 million per year, labor income will increase by $10.3 per capita in the Economically Active Population (EAP). Moreover, for every 1% increase in trade between Peru and China, GDP per capita increases by 0.1057% and labor productivity increases by 0.0681740%. The variables poverty, vulnerable employment, GINI index and life expectancy at birth were not significant factors.