This study investigates the relationship between integration, complexity, and operational performance in the industrial sector of Saudi Arabia. The sample comprised manufacturing firms in Saudi Arabia, and data were collected through the distribution of questionnaires. Supplier integration, customer integration and internal integration were examined as factors influencing operational performance, with supply chain complexity considered as a moderating variable. The findings highlight the positive impact of integration on operational performance in the Saudi Arabian industrial sector. The measurement scales used in the study demonstrated high reliability and internal consistency. Discriminant validity analysis confirmed the distinctiveness of the constructs. Structural model analysis revealed significant positive relationships between customer integration, internal integration, supplier integration, supply chain complexity and operational performance. The results emphasize the importance of fostering integration within and outside the organization to enhance operational performance. Furthermore, the moderating effect of supply chain complexity suggests that the relationship between integration and operational performance varies according to the complexity of the supply chain. Overall, this study contributes to the understanding of integration, complexity, and operational performance in the context of the Saudi Arabian industrial sector. The findings have practical implications for industrial companies, providing insights into strategies for improving operational performance through integration initiatives and consideration of the unique characteristics of the supply chain.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the influence of supply chain management methods on competitive advantage in Saudi Arabian manufacturing firms, with a particular emphasis on the function of information sharing quality as a moderating variable. The data received from a sample of Saudi manufacturing enterprises were analyzed using a structural equation modelling technique. According to the findings, customer relationships, the level of information sharing, and strategic supplier partnerships all have strong beneficial impacts on competitive advantage. However, the influence of information sharing quality alone on competitive advantage was shown to be statistically negligible. These results emphasize the necessity of developing strong customer relationships, encouraging effective information exchange procedures, and creating strategic collaborations with suppliers to gain a competitive edge. The research adds to the current literature by providing insights unique to Saudi Arabian industrial firms. The results are important for managers and decision-makers developing competitive supply chain management strategies. Future studies may investigate other factors and dimensions, as well as perform longitudinal studies, to better understand the structures of supply chain management and competitive advantage in the Saudi context.

This research investigates the links between information quality, service quality, system quality, and supply chain performance in Saudi Arabia's manufacturing sector. The goal is to provide insights into the elements that impact supply chain outcomes and to identify critical performance drivers. Data was acquired from a sample of manufacturing organizations, and the correlations were analyzed using a structural equation modeling technique. Information quality, service quality, and supply chain performance are all shown to have substantial positive correlations. Higher levels of information quality and service quality relate to enhanced supply chain performance in the manufacturing sector. However, system quality was shown to have a comparatively smaller influence on supply chain performance, suggesting that investments in information management systems and service delivery methods may offer higher returns. The reliability and validity of the measuring scales employed in this research were evaluated and determined to be strong, assuring the precision and consistency of the findings. These results add to the current research by identifying the unique elements that influence supply chain performance in Saudi Arabia's manufacturing sector. The study has many implications for practitioners in the manufacturing sector as it discusses the significance of investing in information management systems, providing high-quality services, and continually evaluating and improving supply chain performance. Organizations may improve their competitiveness and create better supply chain results by concentrating on these areas. Additional elements and possible moderating or mediating variables may be investigated in future studies to acquire a better knowledge of the dynamics that impact supply chain performance. Overall, this research offers significant insights for practitioners and decision-makers in the manufacturing industry, directing them towards more appropriate methods to maximize supply chain performance and achieve long-term success.

This paper presents a case study on how Six Sigma methodology can be used to improve student academic performance in three main subjects (Math, Arabic, and English) in a private secondary school located in the Middle East. The Six Sigma methodology of Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control (DMAIC) was used to improve student performance along with several improvement tools such as Fishbone diagram, Pareto charts, and Critical-To-Quality (CTQ) tree. Introducing quality improvement concepts and tools resulted in a series of improvements leading to an increase in student academic achievement quantified by Sigma Quality Level (SQL). The SQL improved in Math from (2.01) to (2.37) and in Arabic from (1.86) to (2.38). On the other hand, English grades did not increase from baseline. The results of this study provide a clear, step-by-step approach to systematically approaching and solving educational problems using the DMAIC model. Practically speaking, the results of this study provides clear evidence that the DMAIC can be used in the educational sector by school administrators and teachers to improve student grades.

While some organizations realize the important role of strategic planning (SP) and leadership in influencing their business performance, it is unknown what SP dimensions and leadership style are required to improve the performance of banking institutions. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of transformational leadership (TL) style and SP dimensions (strategic planning level, implementation and barriers) on organizational performance. To this end, a self-administered questionnaire is distributed to a sample of 246 managerial employees from private banks in Yemen. The analysis with structural equation modelling using partial least squares indicates that TL style and SP dimensions significantly influence the performance of Yemeni banks. The results reveal that TL and SP dimensions are profoundly needed to enable Yemeni banks to propel to improved bank performance. The results draw several pertinent implications for decision makers that will help enhance the performance of the banking sector. Limitations from the findings and recommendations for further research are put forward.

This study aims to determine the determinants of the electronic distribution of services for tourism and travel organizations in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study uses some descriptive analytical approach in achieving its goals and testing its hypotheses. The study found that there are a set of determinants that stand for the distribution of services of tourist organizations, the most important of which is the weakness of communication and software networks as well as the lack of qualified human resources to manage distribution channels. The study recommends the need to develop communication networks and train human resources to manage electronic distribution channels.

Employee engagement is a concept that is capable of predicting various employee outcomes. It could directly influence the success of any organization and its overall financial performance. The present study was undertaken to determine the relationship between Psychological and Social capitals and employee engagement. Data for the study was collected randomly from 395 respondents. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the collected data. The data was found to be powerfully fitting, with all the indices having values above the thump's identified rules. The results indicated positive relationships between the constructs. The results of the study have multiple theoretical and practical implications.

Small and medium enterprises play a very important role in today’s economy and contribute heavily on a national economy specially in developing countries like Jordan, but they are still facing many challenges, and need support from government specially in data availability. This study aimed to know the impact of open government data (OGD) on business entrepreneur-ship from Jordanian Irbid State entrepreneurs’ point view. To achieve this, (600) questionnaires were distributed to the sample of Jordanian entrepreneurs in Irbid state and (536) valid questionnaires were recovered. The study indicates that OGD and entrepreneurship had a moderate level. There is a significant statistical effect of OGD on business entrepreneurship (α ≤ 0.05) in Jordanian SMEs Irbid state. At the end researchers recommend government and entrepreneurs to adopt OGD as a strategy to maximize benefits gained from open government data strategy, improve the quality of published data, and recommended entrepreneurs to increase the level of relying on OGD to get information about materials, markets, competitors, legislations and so on to get benefits for their companies.

This research aims to analyze and develop a theoretical framework, built with a performance model influenced by the work environment and entrepreneurial orientation, and mediated by organizational commitment. This research used a quantitative approach as the methodology. The survey was distributed using a questionnaire instrument. The population in this study were 6,708 MSME owners in Brebes Regency, Central Java, Indonesia, and the sample in this study were 377 MSME owners, which was determined using the Slovin formula. The sampling technique in this research used a non-random sampling with proportional sampling. Simultaneously, the statistical method used to test the hypotheses in this study is a multivariate Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Based on the results of statistical tests, it can be known partially that 1) Work environment has a significant effect on the performance of MSMEs, 2) Entrepreneurial orientation has a significant effect on the performance of MSMEs, 3) Organizational commitment has a significant effect on the performance of MSMEs. 4) Work environment has a significant effect on organizational commitment, 5) Entrepreneurial orientation has a significant effect on organizational commitment, 6) Work environment has a significant effect on the performance of MSMEs through organizational commitment, and 7) Entrepreneurial orientation has a significant effect on the performance of MSMEs through organizational commitment. The novelty in this study is that the empirically constructed model of organizational commitment has proven to be significant as a mediation of the work environment and entrepreneurial orientation towards performance. with the strongest influence of work environment and entrepreneurial orientation on organizational commitment.

Today's competition is among supply chains rather than enterprises as independent actors. Additionally, the success of the actors within the SC network, through the improvement of the global performance, depends on how well they handle the growing environmental problems. For this reason, much attention is given to the greening concept. This paper aims to investigate the Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) impact on Green Supply chain Management (GSCM) in a strategic sector, namely the pharmaceutical sector. Our interest to deal with this issue was aroused by the fact that there are no studies exploring the causality relationships in the pharmaceutical sector in Saudi Arabia. Based on deductive methodology, a questionnaire has been developed. A research sample included 109 pharmaceutical companies operating in KSA. The results highlight a significant impact of GHRM on GSCM practices. In other words, training and performance appraisal, recruitment, and eco-behavior-based rewards influence GSCM practices positively. Based on the results, the study provides new theoretical insights and practical suggestions.