Using zooplankton as bioindicators, this study evaluates the ecological condition of the Euphrates River in Iraq's Babylon Province. Site 1 (North Hillah, next to the old Babylon ruins), Site 2 (Hillah city center), Site 3 (South Hillah, close to Al-Mahaweel), and Site 4 (near Al-Kifl town) were the four monitoring locations chosen along the river. The highest and lowest averages of the measured physical and chemical factors indicate temperature (25.1°-29.4°), pH (7.2-7.9), electrical conductivity (EC) (940 µS/cm-1241µS/cm), total dissolved solids TDS (591 mg/L-789mg/L), dissolved oxygen (DO) (5.6 mg/ l-7.1 mg/L), biological oxygen demand (BOD5) (2.4mg/L-4.2 mg/L), nitrate (1.3 mg/L–3.2 mg/L), nitrite (0.04 mg/L–0.13 mg/L), phosphate (0.3 mg/L-0.6 mg/L), turbitity (5.5 NTU-9NTU), calcium (45 mg/L-60 mg/L), magnesium (20 mg/L–35 mg/L), total hardness (150 mg/L–210 mg/L) that was the seasonal data for the year. Zooplankton communities were collected include amphipoda (52 ind/l-116 ind/L), cladocera (68 ind/l-114 ind/L), cyclopodia (154 ind/L-350 ind/L), macrobrachium nipponense (224 ind/L-350 ind/L), decapoda (Crab) (54 ind/L-112ind/L), Naplus larvae (16 ind/L-76 ind/L), and analyzed for diversity indices recorded including shannon-Wiener index (1,499-1.719), species richness according to 6 in all locations species evenness between (0.837-0.96). The Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCME WQI) was applied to evaluate the water quality and he recorded between (45.16-72.42). According to the study, the water quality of babylon's euphrates river ranges from poor to fair. Although they varied by location and season, the physical, and chemical conditions were generally within tolerable bounds. There were six major groupings of zooplankton, indicating a moderate level of diversity. Aquatic life is generally supported by the river, although certain locations exhibit indications of ecological stress.

Metaheuristic algorithms are a class of optimization techniques that have revolutionized problem-solving across various domains. These algorithms provide a versatile and powerful approach to finding near-optimal solutions for complex, combinatorial, and computationally intensive problems. They draw inspiration from natural processes, such as evolution, swarm behavior, or annealing, to iteratively refine solutions by intelligently navigating the problem space. Metaheuristics have become indispensable tools in both academia and industry, helping researchers and practitioners address real-world problems efficiently and effectively. The Pelican optimization algorithm (POA) is a recently developed metaheuristic algorithm that simulates the hunting behavior of pelicans. In complex optimization problems, an POA may have slow convergence or fall in sub-optimal regions, especially in high complex ones. In this paper, Levy flight is integrated into the exploration phase to enhance its search capabilities. Furthermore, a novel exponential parameter has been introduced to enhance the algorithm's overall performance by facilitating a smoother shift between exploration and exploitation phases. These modifications are intended to keep the algorithm from being locked in local optima. The developed algorithm named as IPOA was tested using widely recognized twenty-three benchmark functions with a variety of characteristics, a set of CEC2022 test suites, and five different engineering constrained problems. The results demonstrate the superiority and effectiveness of IPOA in tackling function optimization and constrained design engineering problems.

The strategic network of any organization plays a significant role in the industry. Therefore, companies must study the factors hindering the construction of this network. Companies need a strategic network of alliances and partnerships to complement each other and constitute a superpower that competitors cannot overcome. This study explores the size of obstacles posed by managerial myopia in weakening the ability of organizations to build their strategic network. Current paper tests the influential relationship between managerial myopia and the ability of organizations to build their strategic network in one of the most important institutions within the oil sector. Results show a negative impact of managerial short-sightedness on an organization's ability to build a successful strategic network that enables it to coexist within an atmosphere of competition. This study recommends that organizations adopt the concept of managerial hyperopia as a valuable tool for organizational success.

This paper presents an experimental study to investigate some of the thermal and strength behaviors of a new mortar material which was prepared by adding some of the residues of agricultural Iraqi biomass materials such as wood sawdust, reed, corn cobs, and their blending. These biomass materials are available in plenty of amounts in Iraq / Karbala City. These materials are blended with sand and cement, which are raw materials for mortar preparation, in different percentages to produce new types of mortar. The major focal area of interest is to identify the likelihood of applying these products as external wall insulating material to minimize heat transfer from outside to a building. Thermal conductivity, water absorption and skeletal density, and compressive strength at 7 and 28 days of the new mortars was also determined in the work. Comparing the performances obtained it was found that the new mortar containing wood sawdust had the highest compressive strength values While the best improvement in heat insulation was recorded in the mortar containing corn cobs compared to the other types. The results presented here prove that this mortar can be recommended for building purposes, specifically for exterior wall cladding. It provides good thermal resistance and improves the fortification of building walls; it also affords an added benefit of being cheaper and therefore fashionable for construction related uses.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a relatively new class of materials of unique porous structures and exceptional properties. Currently, more than 110,000 types of MOFs have been reported among the countless possibilities. In this study, we have synthesised a novel MOF using zirconium chloride as the metal source and 4,4'-dicarboxy-2,2'-biquinoline (bicinchoninic acid disodium salt) as the linker, which reacted in N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent. Three preparation methods were employed to prepare five types of the MOF, and they were compared to optimize the synthesis conditions. The resulting MOFs, named Zr-BADS, were characterised using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), microscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). By incorporating methanol into the preparation solvent, the surface area was increased to 396 m2/g. Additionally, the prepared MOFs exhibited amorphous shapes, with variations in size depending on the synthesis method. This research demonstrates the significance of the preparation method in controlling resulting particles’ properties.

This review provides a comprehensive overview of the development and applications of conjugated polymer semiconductors. The review summarizes the current state of research in this field, including the synthesis and characterization of these materials, their properties, and potential applications. The scope covers a wide range of topics, including organic photovoltaics, organic field-effect transistors, and conjugated polymer nanoparticles. The main findings highlight the significant progress that has been made in this field, with conjugated polymers exhibiting favorable electronic and optical properties, as well as high charge mobility. These materials have shown great potential for use in various applications, including solar cells, light-emitting diodes, and field-effect transistors. The applications are far-reaching, with the potential to revolutionize the electronics industry by providing low-cost, flexible, and environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional inorganic materials. One of the key challenges facing this field is the need to improve the efficiency and stability of conjugated polymer-based devices. While significant progress has been made in this area, there is still much work to be done to develop materials and device architectures that can achieve high performance over extended periods of time. Another challenge is the need to develop scalable manufacturing processes that can produce large quantities of high-quality conjugated polymers at a reasonable cost. The continued advancement of this field holds great promise for the development of new technologies that can improve our lives and help to address some of the world’s most pressing challenges.

The objective of the present work is to develop batch and merging-zone flow injection methods for sensitive and accurate spectrophotometric determination of tetracycline hydrochloride. The methods depend on the oxidation of the studied drug with potassium permanganate in an alkaline medium, and the absorbance of the green oxidation product was measured at 610 nm. The calibration graphs in both procedures were linear in the concentration ranges of 0.5 – 25 and 1 – 25 μg mL⁻¹ using the spectrophotometric and merging-zone flow injection methods, respectively. Specific and molar absorption coefficients, limits of detection and quantification, and Sandell’s sensitivity were calculated. The suggested procedures were further applied to the quantitative determination of tetracycline in pharmaceutical formulations.

This research seeks to contribute to the retention Duhok kidney & diseases transplantation center (DKDTC), and health organizations their talent in COVID-19 era. To achieve this objective, we use (IBM SPSS Amoss V.22) to analyze the mediating role of career planning (CP) in the relationship of financial compensation (FC) with talent retention (TR) in DKDTC. The data collected was analyzed through 63 questionnaires, which was distributed to the talents working in DKDTC from May 2020 to March 2021. The researchers reached several conclusions, the most important of which are that CP has a partial mediating role in the relationship between FC and TR. Therefore, this research recommends enhancing the ability of DKDTC and health organizations to TR in a COVID-19 era and they must be relying on FC, and a program that includes clear steps in CP.

There has been increasing awareness of the benefits of healthy and organic food products as more knowledge has been gained on their effects on health, environment, social convenience and sustainable development. Acquiring insight into consumer attitudes is essential for the industry to grow. Compared with the rest of the world, the Kurdistan region of Iraq is still in the early stages of understanding the importance of healthy and organic food products. The study aim was to investigate the attitudes of Kurdish consumers concerning healthy and organic food. I administered an online survey to 452 respondents, and their responses were analysed by using descriptive statistics and performing correlation, linear regression and factor analysis. The findings indicated that health concerns were the main reason for healthy and organic food consumption. I also found that quality and taste were important factors in purchasing decisions and that consumers were willing to pay a premium price if these foods were available. However, there was a general lack of concern about food production effects on the environment and animal welfare. This research provides a new insight into the attitudes of Kurdish consumers in Iraq towards healthy and organic food. This population has not been covered before, which in turn will add to the literature on this subject.

Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) is considered as one of the most famous specialized forms of VRP that has attracted considerable attention from researchers. This problem belongs to complex combinatorial optimization problems included in the NP-Hard Problem category, which is a problem that needs difficult computation. This paper presents an improvement of Ant Colony System (ACS) to solve this problem. In this study, the problem deals with a few vehicles which are used for transporting products to specific places. Each vehicle starts from a main location at different times every day. The capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP) is defined to serve a group of delivery customers with known demands. The proposed study seeks to find the best solution of CVRP by using improvement ACS with the accompanying targets: (1) To decrease the distance as long distances negatively affect the course of the process since it consumes a great time to visit all customers. (2) To implement the improvement of ACS algorithm on new data from the database of CVRP. Through the implementation of the proposed algorithm better results were obtained from the results of other methods and the results were compared.