A series of piperazine-based phthalimide derivatives 5 (a-l) were synthesized and extensively characterized using a variety of spectrum methods, including LC-MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and FT-IR. All the derivatives were examined for their physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, bio-activity score, and PASS analysis. The 5e piperazine-based phthalimide derivative demonstrated promising antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the in vitro antibacterial studies. In comparison to streptomycin and bacitracin (10 µg/mL), the minimum inhibitory concentration of 5e against MRSA was discovered to be 45±0.15 micro g/ml. The anti-MRSA activity was validated with membrane damage studies by using SEM, and in silico docking studies were against 3VMT and 6FTB proteins of MRSA. In the toxicity study, 5e derivatives were evaluated against L6 cell lines. The results of the studies show the synthesized 2-(2-(4-((4-chlorophenyl) sulfonyl) piperazin-1-yl) ethyl) isoindoline-1,3-dione (5e) can be used for the development of anti-MRSA drugs.

The present paper elicits the zinc oxide nanoparticles-assisted synthesis of a new series of seven-membered 1,4-diazepine heterocyclic compounds as potent lead scaffolds. Structures of synthesized compounds were corroborated using spectroanalytical techniques viz, FT-IR, 1H, 13C NMR, Mass, and elemental analysis. Also, Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDAX), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used to establish the structure and morphology of the synthesized nanocatalyst. The clean workup procedure, high to excellent yields, relatively short reaction times, and high atom economy are the incredible advantages associated with the protocol.

The chemistry of Schiff base has received remarkable attention in different applications, both organic synthesis and industries. Over the past few years many reports have been on the synthesis, characterization and application of vanadium Schiff base complexes. However, heterogeneous vanadium Schiff base catalysts are active for various oxidation reactions, making catalytic oxidation of hydrocarbons a great interest. This review summarizes the recent development of organic substrate oxidation with heterogeneous vanadium Schiff base catalysts.

Micro/mesopore composite catalysts containing platinum with HZSM-5 zeolite and three different silicate mesopores (SBA-3, KIT-6, and KCC-1) were prepared to investigate the influence of different silicate mesopores in the isomerization reaction of n-heptane at the temperature of 200-350 °C The structural characteristics and morphology of the prepared catalysts were studied by various methods such as XRD, FT-IR, N2 adsorption-desorption, XRF, and SEM. The obtained results indicate that the prepared catalysts have high conversion and high selectivity of multi-branched isomers compared to mono-branched isomers and low development of aromatic compounds. The most suitable results and selectivity were obtained in the n-heptane isomerization reaction related to the Pt/HZSM-5-SBA-3 catalyst.

This work was designed to study the effect of major drains, such as El Rahawy, on the Nile's water quality over time. The data in this study includes six years of physical and chemical variables data, starting from 2015 to 2020, covering three different water streams. The present results showed that the Rosetta branch and Khandaq sharky canal were directly affected by the agricultural drainage of the Rahway drain, with the change over time for the worse. Rayah El Nasery canal enjoyed complete independence from the negative impact of the drain while maintaining the quality at an appropriate level over time. The study predicts a decline in the water quality of the Rosetta branch in the future and recommends exerting more efforts to treat all pollutants that are discharged on the Nile and raise the efficiency of the Rahawy drain.

Proficient routes were devised for coupling different aromatic/aliphatic acids with amines to form amide linkage using various catalysts. Under the optimized reaction conditions, highest conversion was possible without formation of any by-products. All synthesized compounds were purified using column chromatography and characterized by mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis.

The Nile River is an important natural and exclusive source of fresh water in Egypt. Water samples were taken monthly from twelve sites from 2015 to 2020 in El Beheira Governorate and eighteen physicochemical parameters were measured. The results show that the Rahawy drain recorded the highest values for most of the physicochemical parameters. The HPI and MI indicators in Rahawy drain were higher (70 % & 100 %) than in other sites, especially in the summer and winter seasons. The Rahawy WQI values were classified as poor quality. The IWQI results indicate that the water quality for the Rahawy was within the "severe restriction" class, with many restrictions to be used in agriculture. The water quality of the Nile River in the south of Egypt is better than that of the north and the water quality recovery takes more time and distance.

A series of benzofuran derivatives compounds have been designed and synthesized. Here, Benzofuran linked with pyridinone compounds is reported. The desired compounds were prepared by using 2-nitrosalisaldehydnitrile (1). After, this is treated with chloroacetone, which results in the formation of 1-(3-amino-5-nitro-1-benzofuran-2-yl) ethanone (2). Later the 3a-b is produced by a reaction of acetylation and benzylation on compound 2 respectively. The alkylation of compounds 4a-b react with sodium hydroxide, we get new pyridinone compounds. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, and GCM. Further, these have been screened for their antimicrobial, and antioxidant activity. Along with this activity reference we design drug discovery of Molecular docking study by using different computational software.

Wide range of 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazoles were synthesized using eco-friendly, readily available, inexpensive Zn(OAc)2•2H2O (5 mol%) under solvent-free conditions in moderate to excellent yields by condensation from aldehyde, ammonium acetate and benzil at 70 0C. The optimized reaction parameters were successfully applied for the synthesis of divergent 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstitued imidazoles using aromatic amine as fourth component. All the imidazole derivatives were sufficiently characterized by IR, NMR and Mass spectral analyses.

Herbicides used on a regular basis could endanger non-target species like earthworms. The aim of this work was to test the toxic effect of atrazine and metribuzin on Aporrectodea caliginosa by filter paper contact and soil mixing techniques. Atrazine had the highest intrinsic toxicity to earthworms, with LC50 of 0.026 µg mL-1 after 72 hr of treatment. While the LC50 of metribuzin was 0.063 µg mL-1 after 72 hr by filter paper contact test. LC50 was reduced from 11.121 to 3.118 and 164.824 to 19.113 μg g soil-1 in clay soil, from 32.221 to 17.33 and 324.141 to 41.028 μg g soil-1 in soil (1:1) and from 41.234 to 30.804 and 462.255 to 70.902 μg g soil-1 in sandy clay loam soil of atrazine and metribuzin after 5 and 10 day. Generally, atrazine is more toxic than metribuzin in both tests.