This research paper investigates the integration of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) into Predictive Maintenance (PdM) systems, aiming to enhance transparency, interpretability, and reliability in industrial applications. The primary contribution is the introduction of the Explainability Parameters (XPA) framework, which offers a structured methodology for evaluating and applying XAI in PdM. The study systematically reviews recent advancements and challenges in the literature, categorising explanations into pre-modelling, in-modelling, and post-modelling processes. It presents and analyses significant case studies across various industrial sectors to illustrate the practical implications and hurdles of XAI methodologies. Key findings indicate that while XAI significantly improves the effectiveness and trustworthiness of PdM by clarifying model predictions, its implementation is hindered by the complexity of industrial data and the absence of standardised evaluation methods. The XPA framework addresses these challenges by providing tailored metrics for specific applications and advocating for a multi-phase approach to convert technical outputs into actionable maintenance recommendations. The originality of this paper lies in its comprehensive review and the establishment of rigorous standards for assessing XAI methodologies, thereby bridging the gap between theoretical frameworks and practical applications. By promoting adaptable XAI frameworks that cater to real-world industrial needs, this study fosters trust in automated decision-making processes. It enhances the overall understanding of XAI's role in PdM.

The article presents a five-year industrial validation of eliminating open gear drives in spiral classifiers by implementing a direct drive with a torque arm, alongside an assessment of cumulative effects on reliability, process efficiency, and operating economics. The relevance of the study is conditioned by the fact that a substantial share of the classifier fleet remains structurally obsolete: open gear trains constitute the root cause of mechanical instability (wear, lubricant leakage, misalignment) while simultaneously degrading the quality of diagnostic signals, thereby impeding the deployment of PdM/AI. The objective is to deliver a comprehensive, instrumentally substantiated evaluation of the long-term reliability and economic feasibility of direct drive under real-world conditions, and to demonstrate how removal of the failure root cause creates a data-ready mechanical platform for predictive maintenance and digital twins. The novelty consists in an industry-scale confirmation (January 2020, June 2025) of a fundamental transition from managing wear consequences to eliminating wear at the kinematic-scheme level: a sealed gearmotor (IP66) in combination with a torque arm and flanged connection obviates the open gear pair, dramatically elevating the vibration signal-to-noise ratio and rendering vibrodata coherent for PdM. It is shown that mechanical stabilization of the drive is in itself a critical precondition for trustworthy condition analytics. The principal findings confirm a multifactor modernization effect: a 33% increase in section throughput and a 19% rise in classification efficiency; 100% drive technical availability with zero unplanned downtime over 43,800 h; a lower confidence bound of MTBF at 14,600 h versus a characteristic service life of ~2,800 h for traditional drives; a persistently low vibration level < 2.0 mm/s (ISO 10816 category A) instead of 4.5–7.8 mm/s (C) for open gears; a 20% OPEX reduction and a 95% decrease in lubricant consumption, with payback in 14–18 months. The article will be of use to concentrator and plant managers, mechanical engineers, and reliability specialists.

The study explored the influence of the main dimensions of accounting information (AI) relevance and reliability on supply chain performance (supply chain exchange information, supply chain collaboration, supply chain integration) at Noon e-commerce companies in Saudi Arabia. The researcher followed the descriptive analytical approach to describe the study variables based on previous studies and explore the study gap. The study adopted a questionnaire, of which 170 were collected. The data was analyzed using partial least squares (PLS) through structural equation modeling (SEM). The results indicated a positive effect of the relevance and reliability of AI on the dimensions of SC performance (SC exchange information, SC collaboration, SC integration), there is a positive effect of the reliability of AI on the dimensions of supply chain performance (SC exchange information, SC integration) and a negative effect of the reliability of AI on the SC collaboration parties. These results clarified the value and benefit of accounting information in improving supply chain performance.

The study aimed to discover the effect of the main characteristics of accounting information (AI) in achieving sustainable development (SD) in Al-Kharj Governorate by studying the characteristics of (AI) represented in relevance and reliability with independent variables and studying the dimensions of sustainable development (economic, social and environmental). The theoretical and applied study will use the descriptive and analytical approach. Data were collected through a questionnaire distributed to the study sample represented by business organizations in Al-Kharj Governorate. The data is analyzed using structural equation modeling with partial least squares. The expected results of the study are: The relevance of (AI) positively affects the economic dimension of (SD) in Al-Kharj Governorate, the relevance of (AI) positively affects the social dimension of (SD) in Al-Kharj Governorate, the relevance of (AI) positively affects the environmental dimension of (SD) in Al-Kharj Governorate, the reliability of (AI) positively affects the economic dimension of (SD) in Al-Kharj Governorate, the reliability of (AI) no effects on the social dimension of (SD) in Al-Kharj Governorate, the reliability of (AI) no affects the environmental dimension of (SD) in Al-Kharj Governorate.

The study aimed to identify the impact of Accounting Information Systems (AIS) reliability on enhancing the requirements of planning process at Jordanian Commercial Banks, and in order to achieve the objectives of the study the researcher implemented the descriptive analytical approach by reviewing the literature related to AIS and planning process requirements. Researcher also designed a questionnaire to target the executive managers, financial managers, and departments' heads at the (13) Jordanian commercial banks, where (145) questionnaires were distributed, recovered (122), and (118) of those were found to be valid for analysis. The study used the SPSS and the Multiple Regression test to reach the objectives of the study and test its hypotheses. The results indicate a major impact of AIS reliability on fostering the planning process requirements at the Jordanian commercial banks, and recommended the need of managements to focus on AIS to assist for the development of plans and policies related to the various activities, which may be practiced by management.

This paper explored how social media characteristics affected users’ attitudes toward the utilization of Greater Amman Municipality (GAM) e-project management located in Jordan. Data were collected through online survey, involving 456 GAM e users, and analyzed using partial least squares-structural equation modelling. Results showed user attitudes and social media characteristics (reliability, security and website design) as direct significant antecedents of GAM e-project management usage. Furthermore, three direct significant relationships were shown between social media characteristics and GAM e-project management usage. Results also demonstrated three direct significant relationships between social media characteristics and users’ attitudes. Next, results showed one direct significant relationship between users’ attitudes and GAM e-project management usage. Three indirect significant relationships between social media characteristics and GAM e-project management usage were detected via mediation of users’ attitudes. This study recommended (among others) paying attention to other social media characteristics that have impact on GAM e-project management usage, namely, responsiveness, privacy, and site content.

Public document legalization services in Indonesia are currently not carried out electronically, with the exception of electronic application registration (e-form) and electronic validation of apostille certificates (e-register). To adapt to the development and needs of a digital society or digital transformation, apostille legalization services must be carried out electronically (e-apostille). Based on legal provisions regarding the obligation of Electronic System Providers to organize electronic systems in a reliable, secure, and well-functioning manner, the electronic system created for the e-apostille service must be guaranteed to be reliable and secure in accordance with statutory regulations about the reliability and security of electronic systems in Indonesia. The research method used in this study is a quantitative and qualitative approach. This study uses a purposive sampling technique because sampling is carried out with certain considerations or criteria that must be met. The data collection method in this study was carried out by distributing questionnaires online through social media. In measuring respondents' answers, filling out the questionnaire was measured using a Likert scale. Statements are given a score of 1 for strongly disagree answers, a score of 2 for disagree answers, a score of 3 for doubtful answers, a score of 4 for agreed answers, and a score of 5 for strongly agreed answers. The data collection technique in this study uses a questionnaire by providing several written statements addressed to respondents, which will then be answered. Structural equation modelling is often called Partial Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS version 3.0. Using the normative juridical method, the results of this study emphasize the legal basis for the implementation of e-apostille legalization services. In addition, it also regulates the application of the obligation to use electronic system security reliability certificates through an information security management system by legal theories, the principle of legal certainty and the principle of benefit, as well as the aim of providing a sense of security in the use of information technology. This research concludes that developing regulations governing reliable and secure electronic apostille is necessary for certainty and convenience in Indonesia. Electronic apostille regulation has a positive and significant relationship with Electronic System Security, Digital signatures have a positive and significant relationship with Electronic System Security.

This study aims to evaluate an intervention that moved beyond the dimensions of digital information application (DTMs) in science education in higher education. Using an integrated methodology, there is a large and growing body of evidence for the prominence placed on both perceived experience and quality tutors in science courses in educating institutions with broader ambivalence toward limited Digital Literacy. The model and Hypotheses were tested with data collected from 158 participants. Our results suggest that user perceptions about the value of DIE may be contingent on several factors beyond any intrinsic greater experience in learning and teaching Science. The quality of tutors may lead to a greater perceived usefulness regarding the technology. Also, the level of communication flow can affect how much science students are willing to use technology. Academic institutions will have to reassess the utility of digital information technology as an instrument for improving science education. This research focused on educational contexts where DIE profoundly influences teaching and learning science. Further research could focus on other educational fields, math, or language to broaden the understanding of technology's role in diverse educational contexts.

The hybrid vehicle routing problem is an extension of the green vehicle routing problem where vehicles can use different fuels. In this research, a bi-objective hybrid vehicles routing problem is presented and solved bu considering alternative paths, various lengths and reliabilities. The first objective function minimizes overall system costs and fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, whereas the second objective function maximizes the reliability of the entire system with alternative paths and several reliabilites. The proposed model is formulated as mixed-integer nonlinear programming and a bi-objective simulated annealing (MOSA) algorithm along with the e-constraint method is used as solution strategy. The implementation of the proposed method is presented using some numerical instances.

The medical industry incorporates technology and breaks different types of equipment into three various categories determined according to the technologies and their usage. The first category, which is the focus of this article, consists of devices that are directly linked to the life of the patients, for example a ventilator. The purpose of this study is to develop a new reliability technique, based on the Reliability Block Diagram (RBD) and Petri Net, for Category 1 equipment. The RBD, focuses on showing how the failure of different parts could affect the sub-systems of the equipment and how those failures could cause an overall system failure. The second method, Petri Net, is a tool that is used to analyze various types of information processing systems. Combining these two methods will allow the user to determine the reliability of the different systems and subsystems with various pieces of equipment. The knowledge gained by this analysis will be used to determine the likelihood that the failure of specific subsystems will cause an overall system failure. The overall anticipated result is to thoroughly develop this new methodology. The complete process that is used to finish the calculation process for the subsystems will be shown, in addition to the completion of the final Reliability Block Diagram.