Amid increasingly stringent environmental regulations and Chinese “dual-carbon” goals, the manufacturing sector faces simultaneous pressures of economic performance and environmental responsibility. Remanufacturing, with its advantages in energy savings, emissions reduction, and resource reuse, has become a key pathway to green manufacturing; however, market growth is hampered by consumers’ distrust of product quality and information opacity. This study incorporates potential manufacturer encroachment and introduces blockchain technology into the remanufacturing market. We build a two-echelon supply chain model consisting of a manufacturer and a retailer, and develop three variants: a baseline model, a blockchain cost-sharing model, and a manufacturer-encroachment model. Using a Stackelberg game framework, we analyze the optimal decisions and profit outcomes of the manufacturer and the retailer under different blockchain cost levels, degrees of consumer awareness, and encroachment intensities. The results show that blockchain enhances consumer trust by improving information transparency, but its economic benefits depend critically on implementation costs and consumers’ understanding of product information. When encroachment intensity is moderate, both the manufacturer and the retailer can achieve a win–win outcome, with higher overall supply-chain efficiency and increased sales of remanufactured products. Further analysis reveals a misalignment between the manufacturer’s profit-maximizing point and the environmentally optimal outcome; this can be reconciled through piecewise government subsidies. This paper enriches research at the intersection of blockchain and green supply-chain governance and provides theoretical guidance and practical implications for firms formulating remanufacturing strategies and for policymakers designing green incentive mechanisms.

Amid increasingly stringent environmental regulations and Chinese “dual-carbon” goals, the manufacturing sector faces simultaneous pressures of economic performance and environmental responsibility. Remanufacturing, with its advantages in energy savings, emissions reduction, and resource reuse, has become a key pathway to green manufacturing; however, market growth is hampered by consumers’ distrust of product quality and information opacity. This study incorporates potential manufacturer encroachment and introduces blockchain technology into the remanufacturing market. We build a two-echelon supply chain model consisting of a manufacturer and a retailer, and develop three variants: a baseline model, a blockchain cost-sharing model, and a manufacturer-encroachment model. Using a Stackelberg game framework, we analyze the optimal decisions and profit outcomes of the manufacturer and the retailer under different blockchain cost levels, degrees of consumer awareness, and encroachment intensities. The results show that blockchain enhances consumer trust by improving information transparency, but its economic benefits depend critically on implementation costs and consumers’ understanding of product information. When encroachment intensity is moderate, both the manufacturer and the retailer can achieve a win–win outcome, with higher overall supply-chain efficiency and increased sales of remanufactured products. Further analysis reveals a misalignment between the manufacturer’s profit-maximizing point and the environmentally optimal outcome; this can be reconciled through piecewise government subsidies. This paper enriches research at the intersection of blockchain and green supply-chain governance and provides theoretical guidance and practical implications for firms formulating remanufacturing strategies and for policymakers designing green incentive mechanisms.

Blockchain technology is introduced into the dual-channel supply chain system of online direct marketing and offline traditional retailing to solve the problem of opaque product sources and information asymmetry while also considering consumers' privacy concerns to increase their willingness to buy and improve enterprises' profitability. Based on the introduction of blockchain technology, the paper considers consumers' privacy concerns, uses the manufacturer-dominated Stackelberg game model to solve the equilibrium, and compares and analyzes the optimal pricing decisions and profits of supply chain members in different models before and after the introduction of blockchain technology. It is shown that when blockchain is not adopted, the rise in consumer sensitivity to false appraisal results leads to lower prices, and demand and pricing increase with the probability of the product being genuine; when blockchain is adopted, the increase in privacy concern costs will lead to lower demand and prices. Under a given condition, introducing blockchain technology can enhance the profits of all parties in the supply chain.

On the production side, blockchain is being widely applied to agricultural product supply chains (APSCs), which can effectively improve circulation efficiency and reduce transportation losses. On the sales side, many companies are utilizing key opinion leaders (KOLs) to promote and sell agricultural products. The combination of the two enhances the farm-to-fork transparency of agricultural products and stimulates consumer purchases. Based on these, we construct four theoretical models to study blockchain investment and livestreaming mode strategies in the APSC. The results show that investing in blockchain always stimulates consumer purchases of agricultural products, while KOL livestreaming increases consumer purchases only when the increase-traffic power is greater than a certain threshold. There is a win-win situation where the fresh product supplier (FPS) and the e-retailer can benefit from investing in blockchain and introducing KOL livestreaming, respectively. Investing in blockchain is always beneficial for the KOL, and there is free-riding behavior in the APSC. Interestingly, the enhanced increase-traffic power within a certain interval may become a negative driving force, seriously harming the FPS. In addition, we find that investing in blockchain and introducing KOL livestreaming does not always benefit consumer surplus and social welfare, which depend on the KOL’s increase-traffic power, commission rate, and unit cost.

With the rapid advancement of blockchain technology, SMEs face an opportunity to leverage decentralized ledger systems to address longstanding challenges related to financial transparency. This study aims to assess the implications of blockchain adoption for SMEs operating in the Jordanian context, focusing on its potential to improve accountability, trust, and efficiency in financial operations. Drawing on quantitative research methods, this paper examines the current state of financial transparency using a structural equation modeling approach of 215 surveys. The findings indicated that there is a positive impact of block-chain technology on enhancing financial transparency. The findings of this research contribute to both academic understanding and practical implications for policymakers, regulators, and SMEs in Jordan seeking to enhance financial transparency through blockchain technology. By shedding light on the positive impact of blockchain on financial transparency in the Jordanian SME sector, this paper aims to inform strategic decision-making and stimulate further research in this emerging field. Ultimately, it underscores the transformative potential of block-chain technology in promoting accountability, trust, and eco-nomic development among SMEs in Jordan and beyond.

Changes are occurring in customers demanding that companies produce environmentally friendly products. Apart from that, there is pressure from the government so that companies carrying out business activities can follow the rules and regulations set. The company has developed a system that uses technology to support production process activities properly and adequately. Blockchain technology makes green supply chain implementation faster and more flexible to continue improving supply chain performance. Data is collected on companies implementing blockchain technology and environmentally friendly programs. Data was collected at 512 manufacturing companies in Indonesia using Google Forms, which was distributed via email and social media. Data analysis used PLS to answer all research hypotheses. The research results showed that blockchain technology significantly influenced green supply chain management of 0.816, green practice of 0.370, supply chain flexibility of 0.115, and green supply chain performance of 0.150. Green supply chain management is a commitment for companies that have become top management commitments to adopt by reducing consumption of materials that impact the environment, which affects green supply practices of 0.473, supply chain flexibility of 0.244, and green supply chain performance of 0.247. Green supply practice, as a form of company best practice application, can influence supply chain flexibility by 0.428 and green supply chain performance by 0.214. Supply chain flexibility that has been running in manufacturing companies has had a significant impact on green supply chain performances of 0.331. This research provides a practical contribution to top management's commitment to running a green supply chain to increase company performance. Contribution for regulators and rule makers to continue to carry out continuous monitoring of business actors. Theoretical contributions to enrich theories about the green environment, green supply chain management, and blockchain technology.

This study examines the intricate relationships among Blockchain Technology utilization, Supply Chain Efficiency, Export Performance, and the Financial Performance of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). The research aims to elucidate the impact of technology adoption on various operational and financial aspects within the SME context. Employing a quantitative research design, data was collected from a diverse sample of SMEs across industries. The relationships were analyzed using statistical techniques, and the hypotheses were tested to uncover the implications of Blockchain Technology integration on SMEs' performance dimensions. The findings reveal that the adoption of Blockchain Technology significantly enhances Supply Chain Efficiency, underscoring its potential for optimizing operational workflows. However, the direct impact of technology on SME Financial Performance is not established, suggesting the importance of a holistic approach to financial growth. Moreover, the positive association between Blockchain Technology and Export Performance highlights the pivotal role of technology in fostering international trade success. Theoretical implications underscore the intricate interplay between technology adoption, operational efficiencies, and financial outcomes in SMEs. Managerially, the study advocates for SMEs to strategically integrate technology within their supply chain management practices to achieve enhanced efficiency and market competitiveness. Limitations include the potential for contextual variations and measurement biases. Future research can delve deeper into the moderating factors that influence the relationship between technology and financial performance in SMEs. The novelty of this study lies in its comprehensive examination of the interrelationships between these factors within the SME context.

This paper investigates the driving factors behind sustainable supply chains in Jordan, focusing on the implementation of blockchain technology, customs ports practices, and technological infrastructure. The primary data for the study was collected through questionnaires distributed to employees working in the Jordanian customs. A random sampling method was employed to select participants, and a total of 184 valid questionnaires were retrieved for analysis. The collected data was analyzed using the statistical software Smartpls PLS4. The results of quantitative research reveal that the implementation of blockchain technology and technological infrastructure positively affects the driving of sustainable supply chains in Jordan, also customs ports practices also have a positive impact on driving sustainable supply chains, emphasizing the significance of efficient and resilient customs operations for sustainability. Additionally, compliance with environmental regulations enhances the effectiveness of blockchain technology in achieving sustainability objectives. Moreover, underscoring the role of robust technological capabilities in supporting sustainable operations within customs ports. The study contributes to the understanding of the key drivers of sustainable supply chains in Jordan, providing valuable insights for policymakers, supply chain managers, and other stakeholders involved in promoting sustainability within the customs ports industry. The findings can guide decision-making and inform strategies aimed at enhancing eco-efficiency and resilience in supply chain operations.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate potential links between Blockchain technology (BCT) and big data analytics (BDA) with supply chain risk management (SCRM) and supply chain performance (SCP) in the Jordanian Chemical and Cosmetic Industries Sector. Additionally, the paper tests a conceptual model that links SCRM to indirect effects. To test our proposition, data were collected from 364 employees working in Jordanian Chemical and Cosmetic Industries Sector. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling with aid of the Lavaan R package. The results show that the influences of blockchain technology and big data analytics on supply chain performance do occur directly, and indirectly through the cascading of a supply chain risk management.

Blockchain technology is revolutionizing all sectors of industries including the healthcare one. Blockchain technology applications have been realized in healthcare as they have the potential to revolutionize healthcare systems. Integrating blockchain into the design of supply chain design leads to decentralizing the management of the supply chain, and, in turn, improves workflow efficiency and reduces the various security threats. Therefore, this study aimed at examining the impact of integrating blockchain technology, into supply chain practices, on supply chain transparency and resilience. By adopting the organizational information processing theory, this study developed a research model that explored the impact of blockchain technology features including data quality, smart contracts, and traceability on supply chain resilience and transparency. Furthermore, this study examined the effect of supply chain transparency on supply chain resilience. The data was collected, from healthcare industry personnel, in Jordan, using an electronic survey. In total, 215 participants responded to the questionnaire. RStudio- 2022.07.1 was used to conduct the data analysis. Results revealed that data quality significantly and positively affects supply chain transparency and resilience. In addition to that, results indicated that while smart contracts are positively related to supply chain transparency, they do not affect supply chain resilience. Also, traceability was found to be positively related supply chain transparency and resilience. Finally, it was found that blockchain-driven supply chain transparency positively impacts blockchain-driven supply chain resilience. The results imply that integrating blockchain technology into the supply chain can enhance both supply chain transparency and resilience, and, in turn, provide the supply chain the capability of recovering to its original state should it encounter disruptive events. The outcomes of this study can help supply chain managers and other stakeholders to develop strategies and tactics to best utilize blockchain technology to enhance blockchain-driven supply chain transparency and resilience.