Kinetic study of oxidation of toluidine blue (TB+) by periodate was carried out in aqueous medium and also in the cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) reverse micellar medium. In both the media reaction obeys first order kinetics with respect to each of the reactants. In the reverse micellar medium, the reaction is forty times faster compared to aqueous medium under identical experimental conditions. The pronounced acceleration is accounted for by the lower micro polarity and the concentration effect present in the bound water of reverse micelles. In CTAB reverse micellar medium, the pseudo first order rate constant (k’) of the reaction is almost constant at all values of W, {W=[H2O]/[CTAB]} indicating that the reaction takes place on the micellar surface and results were explained by modified Berezin pseudo phase model..

Nuclear logging is one of major areas of logging development. This paper presents an empirical investigation to bring the drilling and completion of wells from an ill-defined art to a refined sci-ence by using radioactive source to “look and measure” such as formation type, formation dip, porosity, fluid type and numerous other important factors. The initial nuclear logging tools rec-ords the radiation emitted by formation as they were crossed by boreholes. Gamma radiation is used in well logging as it is powerful enough to penetrate the formation and steel casing. The ra-dioactive source is reusable so that after engineer finished the job the radioactive source is sent back to bunker. In this case inventory level of radioactive source is relatively high compared with monthly movement and the company must spend large amount of cost just for inventory. After calculating and averaging the monthly movement in 2014 and 2015, we detected a big pos-sibility to cut the inventory level to reduce the inventory cost.

In this paper, an effort has been put to develop a model for estimating growth based on logit re-gression (logit) and implemented the model to Italian manufacturing companies. Our data set consists of 8232 SMEs of Italy. To estimate the growth of the firm an innovative approach that considers annual statements issued the year before the accelerated growth has been considered as the effective estimators of firm growth. The result of the logit showed that return on asset, log (cash flow) and log (Inventory) positively affect in estimating the growth of the high growth firm whereas working capital turnover times negatively affects in estimating the growth of the firm. The discriminant power of the model using Receiver Operating Characteristics curve shows 72.35%, which means the model is fair in terms of estimating the growth.

Across the globe, the corollary of Green Cost Premium (GCP) obstructs the implementation of Sustainable Buildings (SB). Extensive studies into GCP proliferate, but the research norms rarely traversed theoretical contexts of GCP. The purpose of this paper was to explore the drivers of GCP from the contexts of the prevailing practice of SB using the theoretical lens of practice theory. Secondary literature comprising mainly peer-reviewed publications spanning 20years was critically reviewed. The results show some uncertainty regarding the effect of prevailing practice on the size of GCP due to the dearth of empirical studies. Secondary literature, however, showed that GCP is liable to variations in practice related to the level of knowledge and the implementation processes. The knowledge domain argued that the scope of GCP depends on regional issues including misperceptions, cost management deficiencies and sustainability accounting gaps. During implementation, GCP could also modify in response to changes in cost drivers, factors limiting innovative processes and challenges and barriers in the project environment. Engagements with practice have, however failed to embed this understanding into SB project implementation decisions and dynamics, as limited documented efforts aimed at mitigating the GCP exist. The paper offers a non-conventional perspective for assessing the dynamics of converging regional practices in SB that can contribute to GCP as well as lower the GCP when the practices are improved. GCP is susceptible to practice variations and answers to projects practices across regions. This portrays that the GCP can lessen through innovation of practice elements such as competencies and inputs (materials and procedures). The elements of scientific inquiry for GCP must be disconnected from currently established knowledge about SB systems to regional practices related to knowledge and procedures.

Activity-Based-Model (ABC) is used for the purpose of significant improvement for overhead accounting systems by providing the best information required for managerial decision. This pa-per discusses implacability of ABC technique on inventory valuation as a management account-ing innovation. In order to prove the applicability of ABC for inventory control a material driven medium-sized and privately owned company from engineering (iron and steel) industry is select-ed and by analysis of its production process and its material dependency and use of indirect in-ventory, an ABC model is explored for better inventory control. The case revealed that the ne-cessity of ABC in the area of inventory control is significant. The company is not only able to increase its quality of decision but also it can significantly analyze its cost of direct material cost, valuation of direct material and use its implications for better decision making.

Six Sigma is the concept of improving the quality by reducing process variations, making con-tinuous improvements, reducing defect rates and improving the processes. Initially, the concept of Six Sigma focused on defect reduction, cost reduction and value addition. Fundamentally the basic idea of Six Sigma is to improve the process-capability and making the process more relia-ble along with reducing wastes within industries. Evaluation the implication of applying Six Sigma over the small and medium-sized enterprises is the main purpose of this research work taking a particular case of automobile industries. In the present work, DMAIC methodology of Six Sigma is used to a small seat slider lock nut manufacturing unit to reduce the play issue in K2 seat slider lock in automobile units by reducing defects inherent in the process. After apply-ing Six Sigma methodology, it was found that manufacturing units could earn profits in terms of reducing the wastage as well as improving the quality standard of the product by controlling the play issue in seat slider lock nut mechanism. Result shows that with the application of Six Sig-ma, process, sigma level brought up to 5.53σ from 1.59σ by varying the seat slider lock nut di-mensions/size.

Education is the future. Education is the only way for a country to start developing and reducing poverty. In countries with medium incomes like Peru, the resources to spend on education is not unlimited. Therefore, it is necessary to have quality in investment. However, risks and uncertainty can make a project surpass its initial budget. Therefore, statistic based methods like Monte Carlo simulation is a powerful tool to forecast possible events that might endanger the profitability and sustainability of a project. Although there is not plenty of academic literature about Monte Carlo empirical usage, many projects employ this method to manage the possible risks the project could have. In consequence, the current research analyzed both risk and sensitivity of an elementary school building project. Both analyses showed that this project had huge probabilities to surpass the current profit and return estimations. However, the sensitivity analysis portrayed that the project could be endangered because of infrastructure overspending. Moreover, it indicated that students’ attendance is also a critical factor to ensure the sustainability of the project.

Polyester short cut fiber is a textile industry which is rarely explored or researched. This research explains the necessary steps of improvement using Six Sigma method to reduce the nonconform-ing products in a polyester short cut fiber manufacturing in Indonesia. An increased noncon-forming products in the shortcut fiber production process created some quality problems from January to May, 2015. Define, measure, analysis, improve, control (DMAIC) steps were im-plemented to determine root cause of the problems and to improve production process using sta-tistical approach. The results of Six Sigma improvement has indicated that the process capability was increased from 2.2 to 3.1 sigma, savings $18,394.2 USD per-month.

The integration between production and distribution to minimize total elapsed time is an important issue for industries that produce products with a short lifespan. However, the literature focus on production environments with a single stage. This paper enhances the complexity of the production system of an integrated production and distribution system by considering flowshop environment decisions integrated with a vehicle routing problem decision. In this case, each order is produced in a permutation flowshop subsystem and then shipped to its destination by a capacitated vehicle, and the objective is to sequence these orders to minimize the makespan of the schedule. This paper uses two approaches to address this integrated problem: a mixed-integer formulation and an Iterated Greedy algorithm. The experimentation shows that the Iterated Greedy algorithm yields results with a 0.02% deviation from the optimal for problems with five jobs, and is a viable option to be used in practical cases due to its short computational time.

This research presents detailed notes on the penetrating geological formations of the wellbore. Logs can be presented in two forms of good geological logs, means visual inspection of surface-carrying samples, and geophysical logs, means physical measurements by instruments that are lowered into holes. Logs that are created during drilling are called real-time logs. LWD tool is produced from real-time data transmitted to the surface computer from downhole. Three common services are Natural Gamma Ray, Resistivity, and Porosity and Bulk Density. The output of an LWD service is a log. A log is a graphical representation of the properties of the formation. Some factors that affect data quality are Depth Calculation, Sensor Malfunction and LWD Tools Measurements Fault. During drilling, borehole path monitoring is the important thing to be maintained because the quality of LWD data is critical for the success of any LWD job. Therefore, the field engineer has to understand the factors that affect data quality. Quality Control Process is the key to ensure that the tools are working properly.