In this paper, a method for severity fault diagnosis of ball bearings is presented. The method is based on wavelet packet transform (WPT), statistical parameters, principal component analysis (PCA) and support vector machine (SVM). The key to bearing faults diagnosis is features extraction. Hence, the proposed technique consists of preprocessing the bearing fault vibration signal using statistical parameters and energy obtained through the application of Db8- WPT at the third level of decomposition. After feature extraction from vibration signal, PCA is employed for dimensionality reduction. Finally, particle swarm optimization with passive congregation-based support vector machine is used to classify seven kinds of bearing faults. The classification results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed method for severity faults diagnosis in ball bearings.

When a structure is influenced by the earthquake external force, some energy imposed to the structure is dissipated and remained energy causes structure displacements. Dissipated energy in the structure depends on the type of structure and its optimal engineering design. In any typical structure, the type of connections, stiffness of structure, dampers, place of windfall and damper and other factors play significant role in the amount of dissipated energy. This article introduces a new resilience factor which is a function of energy dissipation factors of input seismic energy. Mathematical equations are presented for this factor and its limits are determined for different periods. The applicability of the proposed factor is also investigated for two typical structural examples.

This article deals with the thermoelastic interaction in a three-dimensional homogeneous and isotropic viscoelastic medium under the Dual-phase-lag model of generalized thermoelasticity. The resulting non-dimensional coupled equations are applied to a specific problem of a half-space whose surface is traction-free and is subjected to a time-dependent thermal shock. The analytical expressions for the displacement components, stress, temperature and strain are obtained in the physical domain by employing normal mode analysis. These expressions are also calculated for a copper-like material and have been depicted graphically. Discussions have been made to highlight the effect of viscosity on the studied field. The phenomenon of a finite speed of propagation is observed for each field. Also, if the effect of viscosity is neglected, the results agree with the existing literature.

This paper is concerned with the vibration and stability analysis of thick rectangular plates resting on elastic foundation, which is distributed over the particular area of the plate. A two-parameter (Pasternak) model is considered to describe the elastic foundation. The eigenvalue problem in 3-D domain is numerically solved by a combination of the finite element and differential quadrature method (DQM). The energy principle is employed to derive the governing equations in the framework of three-dimensional, linear and small strain theory of elasticity. The in-plane domain of the problem is discretized using two-dimensional finite elements and spatial derivatives of equations in the thickness direction are discretized in strong-form using DQM. As a first endeavor, the mixed FE-DQ method has been employed for 3-D buckling and free vibration analysis of rectangular thick plates partially supported by an elastic foundation. The accuracy of obtained results is validated by comparing to the few analytical solutions in the literature.

The article is devoted to some aspects of research of hostile environment influence on the concrete durability. The mechanism of formation of chaotically diversified difficult structure is described. Chemical interactions of cement with active components of diffusion in steam space are examined. Measures for receiving conditions under which the volume of products of reaction will be equal to the volume of the reacted alkaline components of a cement stone are offered. High-quality and quantitative changes in a pore space, which are irrespective of density and the relative molecular mass of reaction products are described. Besides, movement and distribution of gaseous products of reaction in volumes of a cement stone are simulated. Reasonable integrated dependences of influence of aggressive environment on various types of concrete surfaces are given. The methods of corrosion control offered in article allow substantially to lower or absolutely to exclude adverse effect of hostile environment on concrete and reinforced concrete structures already at a stage of selection of composition of concrete mix. In this case service life of concrete and reinforced concrete structures will increase.

Double-sided trimming shear machine is used for longitudinal both–sided trimming of steel plates and simultaneous scraping of trimmed edges at specific length. Side trimming shear (STS) executes the most vital role in increasing the productivity of plate mill and due to its feature, efficiency of plate mill division is enormously increases. In general, frequency of the occurrence of breakdown in STS machine is a most challenging task when STS performs side trimming and scrap cutting machining process. Bhilai Steel Plant (Steel Authority of India at Bhilai) in India is continuously facing a problem due to breakdown of STS machine. The use of separate knife for side trimming and scrap cutting reduces the possibility of scrap jamming which is a major reason for breakdown of STS machine. Researchers and practitioners also suggest the use of arc guillotine shear for side trimming and straight guillotine shear for scrap cutting for minimizing the breakdown in STS machine. The aim of this study is to describe the problems faced by the steel industry as well as the necessary steps which should be taken for improvement of the productivity of STS machine and also it has made contribution to Bhilai Steel Plant by its growth and prosperity. The methodology of study is purely qualitative and the results point out the problems, its implications, steps taken to improve the overall productivity of Bhilai steel plant.

Dry friction depends on the surface topography which, in turn, is governed by machining parameters in addition to several other factors,. Therefore, in order to establish a qualitative relationship among these factors, the surface roughness and coefficient of static friction are measured for specimens machined on lathe and shaper machines with different values of machining parameters. For the case of lathe, the measured Ra value is found to increase with increase in feed rate and depth of cut, whereas, a marginal decrease is observed with increasing spindle speed. Similar results with respect to cutting speed have been obtained for the case of shaper machine. On the other hand, the coefficient of static friction, measured on steel substrate using inclined plane method, is found to decrease with increasing Ra values for both the specimen types.

Fracture parameters of a bi-material plate containing a cener crack and subjected to biaxial tensile loading was calculated numerically. Based on the crack tip stress field obtained numerically in a bi-material joint and using the finite element over deterministic (FEOD) method, the stress intensity factors (KI and KII) and also non-singular T-stress terms, were determined for different material properties and biaxial loading cases. Due to asymmetry of loading and material properties in the investigated dissimilar plate, the center crack experinces mixed mode I/II fracture in general. By increasing the bi-material constant value, which shows the difference between the mechanical properties of two materials, the amplitude of stress intensity factor decreases. The obtained results from this method were in good agreement with the displacment field method prevousiuly reported by other researchers.

In the present experimental study, two dissimilar sister aluminum alloys, 5083 and 5086, are welded through friction stir welding process. Different experiments are conducted on vertical milling machine through a fixture design and firm holding welding plates on it. These experiments are performed by varying welding parameters including welding speed, rpm, different pin profiles, tool tilt angle at five levels each. Two different mechanical properties of the welded specimen (i.e. tensile strength and percentage of elongation) have been tested and compared with the base metals to find out the joint efficiency. Also it is observed that rpm, tool tilt angle and different pin profiles make significant impacts on friction stir welded joints. Tool rpm increases the tensile strength to an extent. Also, tool pin profile affects the stirring or plastic flow of material under tool shoulder. It is shown through visual and optical analysis that surface finish and weld quality of joints depend on tool tilt angle.

The article is concerned with the research of the processes of formation of the structure and properties of systemically alloyed low carbon steel 10H3G3MF in initially hardened and initially cold-deformed condition at high speed thermal-cycle processing (TCP). Metallographic, dilatometric and fractographic analysis, transmission electronic microscopy and uniaxial tensile test and impact test (salt spray chamber) are used as the research methods. It is shown that the maximum fine crushing of grain structure of austenite to 1 micron with high speed TCP of the researched steel in initially cold-deformed condition occurs at the first cycle of heating to 900 ° C, at the same time nanostructural condition of martensite is realized with an average size of stick in the plane of the foil of 60 ± 10 nm, which results in a substantial increase of complex of mechanical properties. It was found that in all studied modes of high speed TCP the ? ? ?-conversion with heating in the inter-critical temperature range consists of three stages.