The main objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of affective and cognitive trust in bank advertising toward its potential customers. An advertising experiment was conducted by creating two bank advertisements focusing on affective and cognitive trust in bank advertising. SEM analysis is conducted with a sample of 254 customers who banked with the Central Bank of Ghana using STATA 14.1. Results showed that customers of a bank are more drawn to affective advertising than cognitive advertising. Results also showed that cognitive trust is a stronger predictor of anticipation towards future interactions with a bank than affective trust. Uncertainty and commitment had insignificant relationships with affective trust. Cognitive trust had a positive relationship with commitment, while affective trust had no significant relationship with commitment. Managerial implications and future research of the findings are discussed.

This research paper aims to examine the impact of social media advertisement attributes, including informativeness, trust, and irritation, and internet users’ motivational factors; namely investigation, customization, opportunity seeking, interaction, and entertainment on individuals' attitude towards advertisements over social media sites in Jordan. A conceptual research model was proposed based on the relevant literature to be empirically tested. Data was collected using an online questionnaire survey administered to 256 participants. Hypotheses were tested using single and multiple linear regression analyses. Results show that advertisement design factors along with internet users’ motives were all significant factors affecting the attitude towards advertisements on social media sites with entertainment, interaction and informativeness had the highest impact. Based on the research findings, recommendations were reported for academicians and practitioners. Limitations and promising areas for further research were discussed.

This study investigates the mechanism by which customers’ affective and cognitive states drive their behavioural intentions towards upscale restaurants. With stimulus-organism-response (SOR) theory as a backbone, two competing mediation scenarios; one-step versus two-step mediation are examined. A dataset of 425 conveniently selected valid responses was used to test the models. Structural equation modelling shows that customer behavioural intentions were better explained by a cognitive-affective mediated model than by one-step mediated model. The results of hypotheses testing reveal the significance of restaurant design in enrichening customers’ cognitive experience, thus, eliciting their affective states, which ultimately affect their behavioural intentions. This paper shows the applicability of the cognitive theory of emotions in explaining restaurant design-customer behavioural intentions relationship. The results also provide insights for restaurant operators on how the design characteristics of their restaurants can be best utilised to encourage positive customer responses. Discussion, conclusion and future work are also provided.

This study examines the impact of organizational culture on the effectiveness of Project Portfolio Management (PPM) practices. Organizational culture influences employee behavior and their way of working by providing a conducive work environment. Thus, managers are able to delegate better while ensuring a balanced workload, collaborative team efforts, and prudent resource allocation to achieve desired project portfolio deliverables. By shaping practices and values, a supportive culture enables efficient task performance, effective delegation, teamwork, and resource allocation toward project goals. Conducted with 35 individuals in a healthcare organization’s data and digital unit in New Zealand, the study used convenience sampling and email surveys. Regression analysis was performed in IBM SPSS Statistics to test the research hypothesis. Findings suggest that supportive organizational culture significantly enhances PPM execution and informs policy-making for improved PPM practices. This study facilitates directors, strategists, and managers in taking steps to form a culture that ensures effective execution of PPM practices to achieve better results. Future research could explore this topic with larger samples and alternative methodologies to deepen insights into culture’s role in PPM effectiveness.

The recent paradigm shift from recruitment of international students to retention of students encouraged radical changes on the consumption of educational services from university serving the students for creation of mutually beneficial relationship between the students and the university. The impact of globalization hit the economy in two paradoxes; first, consumers have more choices but less satisfaction; second, service providers have more strategic options, which yield less value. Against this background, this study proposed and validated destination loyalty model to arrest the increasing students’ attrition at study location. The declining state funding of higher education challenged the management of education sector to design sustainable competitive advantage strategy not only to attract but also to retain students at their study destination. A total of 498 data was solicited from international students at Malaysian public universities, partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to test the reliability and validity of items and constructs. The results show that relationship marketing dynamism of service quality, students’ satisfaction, perceive image, perceived value and personal reasons were stable for international student loyalty to study destination. A new model called 2S2P was developed for emerging education destinations. Theoretical and practical implications as well as directions for future studies were documented in the paper.