How to cite this paper
Nyika, J., Onyari, E., Dinka, M & Shivani, B. (2020). Assessment of trace metal contamination of soil in a landfill vicinity: A southern Africa case study.Current Chemistry Letters, 9(4), 171-182.
References
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3. Kodom K., Preko K., and Boamah D. (2012) X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis of soil heavy metal pollution from an industrial area in Kumasi, Ghana. Soil and Sediment Contam., 21 1006-1021.
4. Muchuweti M., Birkett J., Chinyanga E., Zvauya R., Scrimshaw M., and Lester J. (2006) Heavy metal content of vegetables irrigated with mixture of wastewater and sewage sludge in Zimbabwe. Implications for human health. Agr. Ecosyst. Environ., 112 41-48.
5. Radu T., and Diamond D. (2009) Comparison of soil pollution concentrations determined using AAS and portable XRF techniques. J. Hazard. Mater., 171 1168-1171.
6. Bernard M., and Darkoh K. (2009) An overview of environmental issues in Southern Africa. Afr. J. Ecol., 47 93-98.
7. Peinado F., Ruano S., Bagur Gonzalez M., and Estepa Molina C. (2010) A rapid field procedure for screening trace elements in polluted soil using portable X-ray fluorescence (PXRF). Geoderma., 159 76-82.
8. Towett E., Shepherd K., and Cadisch G. (2013) Quantification of total element concentration in soils using total X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. Sci. Total Environ., 463 374-388.
9. Lu S., and Bai S. (2010) Contamination and potential mobility assessment of heavy metals in urban soil of Hangzhou, China: relationship with different land uses. Environ. Earth Sci., 60 1481-1490.
10. Dolezalova H., and Pavlovsky J. (2017) Indices of soil contamination by heavy metals-methodology of calculation for pollution assessment (mini-review). Environ. Monit. Assess., 189 616.
11. Wu Q., Leung J., Geng X., Chen S., Huang X., Li H., Huang Z., Zhu L., Chen J., and Lu Y. (2015) Heavy metal contamination of soil and water in the vicinity of an abandoned e-waste recycling site: implications for dissemination of heavy metals. Sci. Total Environ., 506 217-225.
12. Kelepertzis E. (2014) Accumulation of heavy metals in agricultural soils of Mediterranean: Insights from Argolida basin, Peloponnese, Greece. Geoderma., 221-222 82-90.
13. Ma L., Sun J., Yang Z., and Wang L. (2015) Heavy metal contamination of agricultural soils affected by mining activities around Ganxi River in Chenzou, Southern China. Environ. Monitor. Assess., 187 731.
14. Tang J., Chai L., Li H., Yang Z., and Yang W. (2017) 10-year statistical analysis of heavy metals in river and sediment in Hengyang segment, Xiangjiang river basin, China. Sustainability., 10 1057.
15. Norman N. (2013) Geology off the beaten track: Exploring South Africa’s hidden treasures. South Africa, Penguin Random House, South Africa.
16. KanmanI S., and Gandhimathi, R. (2013) Assessment of heavy metal contamination in soil due to leachate migration from an open dumping site. Appl. Water Sci., 3 193-205.
17. Chandrasekaran A., Ravisankar R., Harikrishnan N., Satapathy K., and Prasad, M. (2015) Multivariate statistical analysis of heavy metal concentration in soils of Yelagiri hills, Tamilnadu, India-spectroscopical approach. Spectrochim. Acta. A. 137 589-600.
18. Pujiwati A., Nakamura K., Watanabe N., and Komai T. (2018) Application of multivariate analysis to investigate the trace element contamination in topsoil of coal mining district in Jorong, south Kalimantan, Indonesia. Earth Environ. Sci., 118:1-9.
19. Ma W., Tai L., Wang K., Fu L., Zhong Z., Qiao G., Chen Y., Yan B., and Cheng Z. (2017) Assessment of heavy metals contamination in soil: the impact of MSWI. Proceedings Sardinia / Sixteenth International Waste Management and Landfill Symposium/ 2 - 6 October, CSICA, Italy.
20. Shokr M., El Baroudy A., Fullen M., El-Beshbeshy T., Ramadan A., Halim, A., Guerra A., and Jorge M. (2016) Spatial distribution of heavy metals in the middle Nile delta of Egypt. ISWCR., 4 293-303.
21. Long Y., Shen D., Wang H., Lu W., and Zhao Y. (2011) Heavy metal source analysis in municipal solid waste (MSW): Case study on Cu and Zn. J. Hazard. Mater., 186 1082-1087.
22. Han X., Lu X., Qinggeletu Q., & Wu Y. (2017) Health risks and contamination levels of heavy metals in dusts from parks and squares of industrial city in semi-arid area of China. Int. J. Env. Res. Pub. Health., 14 886.
23. Chai Y., Guo J., Chai S., Cai J., Xue L., and Zhang Q. (2015) Source identification of eight heavy metals in grassland soils by multivariate analysis from the Baicheng-Songyuan area Jilin province, Northeast China. Chemosphere., 134 67-75.
24. Yildirim G., and Tokalioglu S. (2016) Heavy metal speciation in various grain sizes of industrially contaminated street dust using multivariate statistical analysis. Ecotox. Environ. Safe., 124:369–76.
25. Kurt M. (2018) Comparison of trace element and heavy metal concentrations of top and bottom soils in a complex land use area. Carpath. J. Earth Environ. Sci., 13 47-56.
26. Fadigas F., Sabrinho N., Anjos L., and Mazur N. (2010) Background levels of some trace elements in weathered soils from the Brazilian northern region. Sci. Agri., 67 53-59.
27. Iqbal, J., and Shah, M. (2011) Distribution, correlation and risk assessment of selected metals in urban soils from Islamabad, Pakistan. J. Hazard. Mater., 192 887-898.
28. Khair S., and Rafizul S. (2018) Application of multivariate and geostatistical approaches in analysis and assessment of heavy metal sources in soil of waste disposal site at Khulna. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Civil Engineering for Sustainable Development (ICCESD 2018), 9-11 February, KUET, Khulna, Bangladesh.
29. Dookhi N., Jewskiewitz S., and Jewaskiewitz, B. (2015) East London Regional (Roundhill) waste disposal site- wasting no time on the road to compliance. Civ. Eng., 23 35-41.
30. Jewaskiewitz S., and Dookhi N. (2017) Roundhill restoration. IMESA., 42: 63-66.
31. Chigor V., Sibanda T., and Okoh A. (2013) Studies on the bacteriological qualities of the Buffalo River and three water dams along its course in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. Environ. Sci. Pollu. Res., 20 4125-4136.
32. Battaglia M. (2011) Encyclopaedia of survey research methods. Sage Publications Inc, Thousand Oaks, California.
33. Sampath D. (2005) Sampling; theory and methods. Statistical Publishing Society Calcutta, India.
34. Wines H., and Luther J. (2014) The effects of moisture on X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. 2014. [Access 27.3.2019] Available at: http://southriverscienceteam.org/news/documents/Posters/Wines_Student_Paper_Battelle.pdf
35. Hakanson L. (1980) An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control: a sedimentological approach. Water Research., 14 975-1001.
36. Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA) (2013) National Environmental Management, Waste Act, 2008. National norms and standards for the remediation of contaminated land and soil quality in the republic of South Africa. Government Gazette, No. 36447, Pretoria, South Africa.
37. Muller G. (1969) Index of geoaccumulation in sediments of the Rhine River. GeoJournal., 2 108-118.
38. Tomlinson D., Wilson J., Harris C., and Jeffrey D. (1980) Problems in the assessment of heavy-metal levels in estuaries and the formation of a pollution index. Helgolander Meeresunters., 33 566–575.
39. Ke X., Gui S., Huang H., Zhang H., Wang C., and Guo W. (2017) Ecological risk assessment and source identification for heavy metals in surface sediment form Liaohe River protected area, China. Chemosphere., 175 473-481.
40. Li X., Liu L., Wang Y., Luo G., Chen X., and Yang, X. (2013) Heavy metal contamination of urban soil in an old industrial city (Shenyang) in Northeast China. Geoderma., 192 50-58.
41. Morrison D. (1990) Multivariate statistical methods. 3rd ed, McGraw-Hill Inc, New York.
2. Sekabira K., Oryem Origa H., Basamba T., Mutumba G., and Kakudidi E. (2010) Assessment of heavy metal pollution in urban stream sediments and its tributaries. IJEST., 7 435-446.
3. Kodom K., Preko K., and Boamah D. (2012) X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis of soil heavy metal pollution from an industrial area in Kumasi, Ghana. Soil and Sediment Contam., 21 1006-1021.
4. Muchuweti M., Birkett J., Chinyanga E., Zvauya R., Scrimshaw M., and Lester J. (2006) Heavy metal content of vegetables irrigated with mixture of wastewater and sewage sludge in Zimbabwe. Implications for human health. Agr. Ecosyst. Environ., 112 41-48.
5. Radu T., and Diamond D. (2009) Comparison of soil pollution concentrations determined using AAS and portable XRF techniques. J. Hazard. Mater., 171 1168-1171.
6. Bernard M., and Darkoh K. (2009) An overview of environmental issues in Southern Africa. Afr. J. Ecol., 47 93-98.
7. Peinado F., Ruano S., Bagur Gonzalez M., and Estepa Molina C. (2010) A rapid field procedure for screening trace elements in polluted soil using portable X-ray fluorescence (PXRF). Geoderma., 159 76-82.
8. Towett E., Shepherd K., and Cadisch G. (2013) Quantification of total element concentration in soils using total X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. Sci. Total Environ., 463 374-388.
9. Lu S., and Bai S. (2010) Contamination and potential mobility assessment of heavy metals in urban soil of Hangzhou, China: relationship with different land uses. Environ. Earth Sci., 60 1481-1490.
10. Dolezalova H., and Pavlovsky J. (2017) Indices of soil contamination by heavy metals-methodology of calculation for pollution assessment (mini-review). Environ. Monit. Assess., 189 616.
11. Wu Q., Leung J., Geng X., Chen S., Huang X., Li H., Huang Z., Zhu L., Chen J., and Lu Y. (2015) Heavy metal contamination of soil and water in the vicinity of an abandoned e-waste recycling site: implications for dissemination of heavy metals. Sci. Total Environ., 506 217-225.
12. Kelepertzis E. (2014) Accumulation of heavy metals in agricultural soils of Mediterranean: Insights from Argolida basin, Peloponnese, Greece. Geoderma., 221-222 82-90.
13. Ma L., Sun J., Yang Z., and Wang L. (2015) Heavy metal contamination of agricultural soils affected by mining activities around Ganxi River in Chenzou, Southern China. Environ. Monitor. Assess., 187 731.
14. Tang J., Chai L., Li H., Yang Z., and Yang W. (2017) 10-year statistical analysis of heavy metals in river and sediment in Hengyang segment, Xiangjiang river basin, China. Sustainability., 10 1057.
15. Norman N. (2013) Geology off the beaten track: Exploring South Africa’s hidden treasures. South Africa, Penguin Random House, South Africa.
16. KanmanI S., and Gandhimathi, R. (2013) Assessment of heavy metal contamination in soil due to leachate migration from an open dumping site. Appl. Water Sci., 3 193-205.
17. Chandrasekaran A., Ravisankar R., Harikrishnan N., Satapathy K., and Prasad, M. (2015) Multivariate statistical analysis of heavy metal concentration in soils of Yelagiri hills, Tamilnadu, India-spectroscopical approach. Spectrochim. Acta. A. 137 589-600.
18. Pujiwati A., Nakamura K., Watanabe N., and Komai T. (2018) Application of multivariate analysis to investigate the trace element contamination in topsoil of coal mining district in Jorong, south Kalimantan, Indonesia. Earth Environ. Sci., 118:1-9.
19. Ma W., Tai L., Wang K., Fu L., Zhong Z., Qiao G., Chen Y., Yan B., and Cheng Z. (2017) Assessment of heavy metals contamination in soil: the impact of MSWI. Proceedings Sardinia / Sixteenth International Waste Management and Landfill Symposium/ 2 - 6 October, CSICA, Italy.
20. Shokr M., El Baroudy A., Fullen M., El-Beshbeshy T., Ramadan A., Halim, A., Guerra A., and Jorge M. (2016) Spatial distribution of heavy metals in the middle Nile delta of Egypt. ISWCR., 4 293-303.
21. Long Y., Shen D., Wang H., Lu W., and Zhao Y. (2011) Heavy metal source analysis in municipal solid waste (MSW): Case study on Cu and Zn. J. Hazard. Mater., 186 1082-1087.
22. Han X., Lu X., Qinggeletu Q., & Wu Y. (2017) Health risks and contamination levels of heavy metals in dusts from parks and squares of industrial city in semi-arid area of China. Int. J. Env. Res. Pub. Health., 14 886.
23. Chai Y., Guo J., Chai S., Cai J., Xue L., and Zhang Q. (2015) Source identification of eight heavy metals in grassland soils by multivariate analysis from the Baicheng-Songyuan area Jilin province, Northeast China. Chemosphere., 134 67-75.
24. Yildirim G., and Tokalioglu S. (2016) Heavy metal speciation in various grain sizes of industrially contaminated street dust using multivariate statistical analysis. Ecotox. Environ. Safe., 124:369–76.
25. Kurt M. (2018) Comparison of trace element and heavy metal concentrations of top and bottom soils in a complex land use area. Carpath. J. Earth Environ. Sci., 13 47-56.
26. Fadigas F., Sabrinho N., Anjos L., and Mazur N. (2010) Background levels of some trace elements in weathered soils from the Brazilian northern region. Sci. Agri., 67 53-59.
27. Iqbal, J., and Shah, M. (2011) Distribution, correlation and risk assessment of selected metals in urban soils from Islamabad, Pakistan. J. Hazard. Mater., 192 887-898.
28. Khair S., and Rafizul S. (2018) Application of multivariate and geostatistical approaches in analysis and assessment of heavy metal sources in soil of waste disposal site at Khulna. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Civil Engineering for Sustainable Development (ICCESD 2018), 9-11 February, KUET, Khulna, Bangladesh.
29. Dookhi N., Jewskiewitz S., and Jewaskiewitz, B. (2015) East London Regional (Roundhill) waste disposal site- wasting no time on the road to compliance. Civ. Eng., 23 35-41.
30. Jewaskiewitz S., and Dookhi N. (2017) Roundhill restoration. IMESA., 42: 63-66.
31. Chigor V., Sibanda T., and Okoh A. (2013) Studies on the bacteriological qualities of the Buffalo River and three water dams along its course in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. Environ. Sci. Pollu. Res., 20 4125-4136.
32. Battaglia M. (2011) Encyclopaedia of survey research methods. Sage Publications Inc, Thousand Oaks, California.
33. Sampath D. (2005) Sampling; theory and methods. Statistical Publishing Society Calcutta, India.
34. Wines H., and Luther J. (2014) The effects of moisture on X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. 2014. [Access 27.3.2019] Available at: http://southriverscienceteam.org/news/documents/Posters/Wines_Student_Paper_Battelle.pdf
35. Hakanson L. (1980) An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control: a sedimentological approach. Water Research., 14 975-1001.
36. Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA) (2013) National Environmental Management, Waste Act, 2008. National norms and standards for the remediation of contaminated land and soil quality in the republic of South Africa. Government Gazette, No. 36447, Pretoria, South Africa.
37. Muller G. (1969) Index of geoaccumulation in sediments of the Rhine River. GeoJournal., 2 108-118.
38. Tomlinson D., Wilson J., Harris C., and Jeffrey D. (1980) Problems in the assessment of heavy-metal levels in estuaries and the formation of a pollution index. Helgolander Meeresunters., 33 566–575.
39. Ke X., Gui S., Huang H., Zhang H., Wang C., and Guo W. (2017) Ecological risk assessment and source identification for heavy metals in surface sediment form Liaohe River protected area, China. Chemosphere., 175 473-481.
40. Li X., Liu L., Wang Y., Luo G., Chen X., and Yang, X. (2013) Heavy metal contamination of urban soil in an old industrial city (Shenyang) in Northeast China. Geoderma., 192 50-58.
41. Morrison D. (1990) Multivariate statistical methods. 3rd ed, McGraw-Hill Inc, New York.