This study aims to examine spatial disparities in tourism development within the marine conservation area of Nusa Penida, Bali. It further seeks to formulate an equitable blue economy policy pathway that integrates environmental conservation, spatial justice, and community participation through a stakeholder-driven framework. The research applies a spatial descriptive analysis to identify patterns of tourism infrastructure, service distribution, and accessibility across Nusa Penida’s western, central, and eastern regions. In addition, a policy evaluation using the MULTIPOL (Multi-Policy) method was conducted, involving expert-based Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). The MULTIPOL framework evaluated three policy scenarios using five criteria: ecological sustainability, social inclusion, spatial equity, economic feasibility, and institutional support. Findings reveal a strong spatial imbalance, with development and tourism investment highly concentrated in the western part of the island. This has led to environmental stress in overdeveloped areas and exclusion in underdeveloped regions. The preferred scenario, Equitable Blue Economy, highlights institutional strengthening, adaptive spatial zoning, and empowerment of local communities. This model aligns with local Balinese values such as Tri Hita Karana, reinforcing policy legitimacy and sustainability. Comparative insights from similar island contexts globally support the relevance of participatory and spatially integrated planning. Tourism development in marine conservation areas like Nusa Penida must not only pursue economic growth and environmental preservation but also ensure social equity and spatial justice. The integration of community values and participatory governance is essential to achieve a resilient and just blue economy model.

East Timor is one of the youngest nations in the world, having been established in 2002. The majority of East Timor's population works in the agricultural sector, yet the mining sector (oil and gas) plays a dominant role in contributing to the country's GDP. The management of oil revenue in East Timor is adapted from the model implemented in Norway, known as Norway Plus. Aware that oil and gas resources must be supported by other economic sectors in the long term, this study aims to analyze potential scenarios for developing East Timor's key economic sectors, as well as to propose potential policy pathways. The research approach uses prospective methods (SMIC-Prob analysis and MULTIPOL), which are suitable for policy formulation due to their future-oriented nature. Data collection was conducted through Focus Group Discussions (FGD) involving experts from both the government and academia. The results from the SMIC-Prob analysis show that the oil and gas sector indeed has the highest probability. However, in the long term, the agricultural sector emerges as a crucial alternative. Furthermore, the MULTIPOL analysis indicates that in scenarios focusing on the development of non-oil and gas sectors, policies should prioritize the development of local economic sectors. The government of East Timor is recommended to seriously develop non-oil and gas sectors by utilizing revenue from oil and gas extraction. Additionally, environmental governance is also a critical consideration to achieve sustainable, inclusive development.

Bali is a world tourist destination that is famous for having various types of interesting maritime tourism, including mangrove areas which are typical of equatorial regions. The purpose of this study is to develop a model that can predict the sustainability of ecotourism in the mangrove area in Bali based on the approach of empowering local potential and empowering the community. Data analysis was carried out using Bayesian Network analysis, where input was based on the results of the FGD. The results show high probability of realizing the sustainability of ecotourism, where the most influential variables are community participation and local product developers or mangrove-based products. In addition, the condition of the mangrove forest also needs attention, considering that the sustainability of mangrove ecotourism is very sensitive to changes in the condition of the mangrove forest. The three main variables have reflected the combination of the three elements of sustainability, namely people-social (community participation), planet-environment (mangrove forest condition), and profit-economic (developing of mangrove-based products). Mangrove ecotourism development in Bali should be focused on increasing community participation and the development of mangrove-based products.

In an increasingly advanced digital era, micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) face new challenges and opportunities in enhancing their sales performance. The use of innovative technologies, such as ChatGPT and Customer Relationship Management (CRM), is key to improving operational efficiency and strengthening MSME competitiveness. This study aims to analyze the impact of integrating ChatGPT and CRM on MSME sales performance with operational efficiency as a mediating variable. The research employs a quantitative approach using SEM-PLS methodology to explore the relationships between relevant variables. The study was conducted on 100 MSMEs in Subang Regency, Indonesia, using an online questionnaire as the data collection tool. The findings indicate that the integration of ChatGPT and CRM significantly affects MSME sales performance in Subang Regency, with operational efficiency as a mediating variable. First, ChatGPT has been shown to have a significant positive impact on MSME sales performance. This technology facilitates the adoption of new technologies, enhances customer interaction, and enables better service personalization, which directly impacts increased sales volume, sales growth, and revenue. Second, effective CRM implementation also demonstrates a significant positive influence on MSME sales performance. Good customer data management, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty contribute to increased sales volume, sales growth, and revenue. Third, operational efficiency proves to play a significant mediating role in the relationship between ChatGPT and CRM integration and MSME sales performance. Improvements in operational efficiency through reduced processing times, optimized resource use, and cost reduction support increased sales volume, sales growth, and revenue.

Sukawati Art Market is one of the distinguished art markets in Bali for decades, which is also close to the Sukawati Public Market. The government is making efforts to revitalize the Sukawati Public Market to become the Sukawati Art Market, while the Sukawati Public Market is being relocated to a new location far from settlements. So that during the two years of the market revitalization and reallocation program it was quiet and triggered the emergence of traders around the old market area which disturbed public order. The purpose of this research is to analyze the polemic of stakeholders objectives regarding the Sukawati Market revitalization and relocation program, using MACTOR analysis. The results of the analysis show that local government, village government, and custom village are regulatory actors, while traditional markets' sellers are the main target of the project and serve as mediation to other actors. Actors still have polemic interests, especially traders outside the market. Therefore the local government needs to control, educate, and make innovation to facilitate the sellers around outside the traditional market. The revitalization program and market relocation are successful, the traditional markets’ sellers return to selling, and the market will be busy again.

This study aims to analyze the influence of contextual factors, government role, implementation of corporate social responsibility, and competency on competitiveness of wood craft Small Medium Industries (SMI) in Bali Province, Indonesia. The renewal of this research is to include the implementation of CSR in order to improve business competencies and competitiveness of SMIs. A sample of 152 respondents from the wood crafts SMIs in Bali Province. The research approach used is quantitative (positivist) and the type of research is exploratory with a questionnaire as a method of data collection. Partial Least Square as a data analysis tool is used. The results of the study show that: contextual factors, government role, and CSR implementation had positive and significant effects on competencies and competitiveness of SMIs. Contextual factors have the smallest influence on business competencies and competitiveness when compared with other variables in the study.