How to cite this paper
Niazi, M., Othman, Z & Chandren, S. (2021). The moderating role of director’s financial expertise in political connections and corporate financial performance in Pakistan.Accounting, 7(4), 865-874.
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Aldhamari, R., Nor, M. N. M., Boudiab, M., & Mas'ud, A. (2020). The impact of political connection and risk committee on corporate financial performance: Evidence from financial firms in Malaysia. Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society, 20(7), 1281-1305. https://doi.org/10.1108/CG-04-2020-0122
Aluoch, M. O., Mwangi, C. I., Kaijage, E. S., & Ogutu, M. (2020) The relationship between board structure and performance of firms listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange. European Scientific Journal, 16(19), 337-364. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2020. v16n19p337
Arumona, J., Erin, O., Onmonya, L. & Omotayo, V. (2019). Board financial education and firm performance: Evidence from the healthcare sector in Nigeria, Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 18(4), 1-14.
Bansal, N., & Sharma, A. K. (2016). Audit committee, corporate governance and firm performance: Empirical evidence from India. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 8(3), 103-116. doi: 10.5539/ijef.v8n3p103
Berkman, H., & Galpoththage, V. (2016). Political connections and firm value: An analysis of listed firms in Sri Lanka. Pacific Accounting Review, 28(1), 92-106. https://doi.org/10.1108/PAR-06-2014-0020
Bertrand, M., Kramarz, F., Schoar, A., & Thesmar, D. (2007). Politicians, firms and the political business cycle: Evidence from France. Working paper, University of Chicago. Retrieved December 28, 2020, from http://www.crest.fr/ckfinder/userfiles/files/ pageperso/kramarz/politics_060207_v4.pdf
Bliss, M. A., & Gul, F. A. (2012). Political connection and cost of debt: Some Malaysian evidence. Journal of Banking & Finance, 36(5), 1520-1527. https://doi.org/10.1016 /j.jbankfin.2011.12.011
Boubakri, N., Cosset, J. C., & Saffar, W. (2012). The impact of political connections on firms’ operating performance and financing decisions. Journal of Financial Research, 35(3), 397-423. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6803.2012.01322.x
Boudreau, J. W., Boswell, W. R., & Judge, T. A. (2001). Effects of personality on executive career success in the United States and Europe. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 58(1), 53-81. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.2000.1755
Buallay, A., Hamdan, A., & Zureigat, Q. (2017). Corporate governance and firm performance: evidence from Saudi Arabia. Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal, 11(1), 78-98. http://dx.doi.org/10.14453/aabfj.v11i1.6
Chaney, P. K., Faccio, M., & Parsley, D. (2011). The quality of accounting information in politically connected firms. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 51(1-2), 58-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2010.07.003
Cheema, M. U., Munir, R., & Su, S. (2016). Political connections and organisational performance: evidence from Pakistan. International Journal of Accounting & Information Management, 24(4), 321-338. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJAIM-05-2016-0053
Ciftci, I., Tatoglu, E., Wood, G., Demirbag, M., & Zaim, S. (2019). Corporate governance and firm performance in emerging markets: Evidence from Turkey. International Business Review, 28(1), 90-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2018.08.004
De Andres, P., Garcia-Rodriguez, I., Romero-Merino, M. E., & Santamaria-Mariscal, M. (2020). Politicians in disguise and financial experts on the board: Evidence from Spanish cajas. Business Research Quarterly, 1-18. [Online]. https://doi.org/ 10.1177/2340944420924417
Dicko, S. (2016). Firms political connections and winning government contracts. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 8(2), 19-32. doi:10.5539/ijef.v8n2p19
Ding, S., Jia, C., Wu, Z., & Zhang, X. (2014). Executive political connections and firm performance: Comparative evidence from privately-controlled and state-owned enterprises. International Review of Financial Analysis, 36, 153-167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2013.12.006
Erin, O., Arumona, J., Onmonya, L., & Omotayo, V. (2019). Board financial education and firm performance: Evidence from the healthcare sector in Nigeria. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 18(4), 1-14. [Online]. https://www.abacademies.org/articles/board-financial-education-and-firm-performance-evidence-from-the-healthcare-sector-in-nigeria-8278.html
Ettredge, M., Li, C., Wang, Q., & Xu, Y. (2019). Executive board member financial expertise and IPO performance. Accounting Horizons, HORIZONS-18-020. https:// doi.org/10.2308/HORIZONS-18-020
Faccio, M. (2006). Politically connected firms. American Economic Review, 96(1), 369-386. doi: 10.1257/000282806776157704
Faccio, M., Masulis, R. W., & McConnell, J. J. (2006). Political connections and corporate bailouts. Journal of Finance, 61(6), 2597-2635. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2006.01000.x
Faccio, M. (2010). Differences between politically connected and non-connected firms: A cross‐country analysis. Financial Management, 39(3), 905-928. https://doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1755-053X.2010.01099.x
Fan, J. P., Wong, T. J., & Zhang, T. (2007). Politically connected CEOs, corporate governance, and post-IPO performance of China's newly partially privatised firms. Journal of Financial Economics, 84(2), 330-357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2006.03.008
Francis, B. B., Hasan, I., & Wu, Q. (2012). Do corporate boards affect firm performance? New evidence from the financial crisis. New Evidence from the Financial Crisis (April 12, 2012). Bank of Finland Research Discussion Paper No. 11/2012. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2041194 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2041194
Güner, A. B., Malmendier, U., & Tate, G. (2008). Financial expertise of directors. Journal of Financial Economics, 88(2), 323-354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2007.05.009
Habib, A., Ranasinghe, D., Muhammadi, A. H., & Islam, A. (2018). Political connections, financial reporting and auditing: Survey of the empirical literature. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 31, 37-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2018.05.002
Harjoto, M.A., Laksmana, I. & Yang, Y.W. (2019). Board nationality and educational background diversity and corporate social performance, Corporate Governance, 19(2), 217-239. https://doi.org/10.1108/CG-04-2018-0138
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2006). Multivariate data analysis (6th ed.). Pearson Prentice Hall.
Hamdan, A., Khamis, R., Anasweh, M., Al-Hashimi, M., & Razzaque, A. (2019). IT governance and firm performance: Empirical study from Saudi Arabia. SAGE Open, 9(2). 1-8 [Online]. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/21582440198 43721
Idris, F., Buchdadi, A., Muttaqien, M., & Hariguna, T. (2020). The role of the board of directors with political connection for increasing the firm value. Accounting, 6(7), 1285-1290. doi: 10.5267/j.ac.2020.8.023
Irianto, D., & Anugerah, N. (2018). The effect of financial expertise on compensation and board of directors turnover. Journal of Applied Managerial Accounting, 2(1), 51-64. https://doi.org/10.30871/jama.v2i1.718
Jackowicz, K., Kozłowski, Ł., & Mielcarz, P. (2014). Political connections and operational performance of non-financial firms: New evidence from Poland. Emerging Markets Review, 20, 109-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ememar.2014.06.005
Jaffar, R., & Abdul-Shukor, Z. (2016). The role of monitoring mechanisms towards company’s performance: Evidence from politically connected companies in Malaysia. Journal of Accounting in Emerging Economies, 6(4), 408-428. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAEE-05-2014-0021
Johl, S. K., Kaur, S., & Cooper, B. J. (2015). Board characteristics and firm performance: Evidence from Malaysian public listed firms. Journal of Economics, Business and Management, 3(2), 239-243.
Juhmani, O. (2017). Corporate governance and the level of Bahraini corporate compliance with IFRS disclosure. Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 18(1), 22-41. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAAR-05-2015-0045
Khan, M. Y. (2016). Corporate governance and cost of capital: Evidence from Pakistani listed firms [Doctoral dissertation, University of Glasgow]. Retrieved December 29, 2020, from http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7722/1/2016KhanPhD.pdf
Khwaja, A. I., & Mian, A. (2005). Do lenders favor politically connected firms? Rent provision in an emerging financial market. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 120(4), 1371-1411. https://doi.org/10.1162/003355305775097524
Lashitew, A. A. (2014). The effect of political connections on credit access: does the level of financial development matter? Kyklos, 67(2), 227-254. https://doi.org/10.1111/ kykl.12051
Maaloul, A., Chakroun, R., & Yahyaoui, S. (2018). The effect of political connections on companies’ performance and value: Evidence from Tunisian companies after the revolution. Journal of Accounting in Emerging Economies, 8(2), 185-204. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAEE-12-2016-0105
Merendino, A., & Melville, R. (2019). The board of directors and firm performance: empirical evidence from listed companies. Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society, 19(3), 508-551. https://doi.org/10.1108/CG-06-2018-0211
Osazuwa, N. P., Che-Ahmad, A., & Che-Adam, N. (2016). Political connection, board characteristics and firm performance in Nigeria. In The European Proceedings of Social & Behavioral Sciences (pp. 769-774). Retrieved December 29, 2020, from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/10fc/1b9a497d20f43d20bc6927c96f8d2614fc76.pdf
Sadiq, M., & Othman, Z. (2017). Earnings manipulations in politically influenced firms. Corporate Ownership & Control, 15(1), 65-71. https://doi.org/10.22495/cocv15i1art6
Sadiq, M., Mohamad, S., & Kwong, W. C. G. (2019). Do CEO incentives mediate the relationship between political influences and financial reporting quality? International Journal of Asian Social Science, 9(3), 276-284. https://econpapers.repec.org/article/ asiijoass/2019_3ap_3a276-284.htm
Saeed, A., Belghitar, Y., & Clark, E. (2015). Political connections and leverage: Firm‐level evidence from Pakistan. Managerial and Decision Economics, 36(6), 364-383. https://doi.org/10.1002/mde.2674
Saeed, A., Belghitar, Y., & Clark, E. (2016). Do political connections affect firm performance? Evidence from a developing country. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 52(8), 1876-1891. https://doi.org/10.1080/1540496X.2015.1041845
Saeed, A., Belghitar, Y., & Clark, E. (2017). Political connections and firm operational efficiencies: Evidence from a developing country. Review of Managerial Science, 11(1), 191-224. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-015-0185-5
Saeed, A., Belghitar, Y., & Clark, E. (2019). Political connections and corporate performance: Evidence from Pakistan. Economics of Transition and Institutional Change, 27(4), 863-889. doi: 10.1111/ecot.12213
Saidu, S. (2019). CEO characteristics and firm performance: Focus on origin, education and ownership. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 9(29), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40497-019-0153-7
Sarwar, B., Xiao, M., Husnain, M., & Naheed, R. (2018). Board financial expertise and dividend-paying behavior of firms: New insights from the emerging equity markets of China and Pakistan. Management Decision, 56(9), 1839-1868. https://doi.org/10.1108/ MD-11-2017-1111
Shaw, T. S., Cordeiro, J. J., & Saravanan, P. (2016). Director network resources and firm performance: Evidence from Indian corporate governance reforms. Asian Business & Management, 15(3), 165-200. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41291-016-0003-1
Sokolov, V., & Solanko, L. (2017). Political influence, firm performance and survival. Higher School of Economics Research Paper No. WP BRP 60/FE/2017. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3000367 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3000367
Swarnodeep, H. & Aurelie, S. (2019). Do board expertise and networked boards affect environmental performance? Journal of Business Ethics, 158, 269-292. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-017-3769-y
Ujunwa, A., Salami, P. O., & Umar, A. H. (2013). CEO duality and firm performance: An integration of institutional perceptive with agency theory. International Journal of Social, Management, Economics and Business Engineering, 7(1), 97–103. doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1079418
Unsal, O. (2017). Political contributions and firm performance: Evidence from lobbying and campaign donations [Doctoral dissertation, The University of New Orleans]. Available at: https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2361
Van Horne, J. C., & Wachowicz, J. M. (2005). Fundamentals of financial management. Pearson Education.
Wang, Y., Yao, C., & Kang, D. (2018). Political connections and firm performance: Evidence from government officials' site visits. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 57, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacfin.2018.05.003
Wu, W., Wu, C., Zhou, C., & Wu, J. (2012). Political connections, tax benefits and firm performance: Evidence from China. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 31(3), 277-300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2011.10.005
Yukl, G. (2012). Effective leadership behavior: What we know and what questions need more attention. Academy of Management Perspectives, 26(4), 66-85. https://doi.org/10.5465/ amp.2012.0088
Aluoch, M. O., Mwangi, C. I., Kaijage, E. S., & Ogutu, M. (2020) The relationship between board structure and performance of firms listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange. European Scientific Journal, 16(19), 337-364. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2020. v16n19p337
Arumona, J., Erin, O., Onmonya, L. & Omotayo, V. (2019). Board financial education and firm performance: Evidence from the healthcare sector in Nigeria, Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 18(4), 1-14.
Bansal, N., & Sharma, A. K. (2016). Audit committee, corporate governance and firm performance: Empirical evidence from India. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 8(3), 103-116. doi: 10.5539/ijef.v8n3p103
Berkman, H., & Galpoththage, V. (2016). Political connections and firm value: An analysis of listed firms in Sri Lanka. Pacific Accounting Review, 28(1), 92-106. https://doi.org/10.1108/PAR-06-2014-0020
Bertrand, M., Kramarz, F., Schoar, A., & Thesmar, D. (2007). Politicians, firms and the political business cycle: Evidence from France. Working paper, University of Chicago. Retrieved December 28, 2020, from http://www.crest.fr/ckfinder/userfiles/files/ pageperso/kramarz/politics_060207_v4.pdf
Bliss, M. A., & Gul, F. A. (2012). Political connection and cost of debt: Some Malaysian evidence. Journal of Banking & Finance, 36(5), 1520-1527. https://doi.org/10.1016 /j.jbankfin.2011.12.011
Boubakri, N., Cosset, J. C., & Saffar, W. (2012). The impact of political connections on firms’ operating performance and financing decisions. Journal of Financial Research, 35(3), 397-423. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6803.2012.01322.x
Boudreau, J. W., Boswell, W. R., & Judge, T. A. (2001). Effects of personality on executive career success in the United States and Europe. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 58(1), 53-81. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.2000.1755
Buallay, A., Hamdan, A., & Zureigat, Q. (2017). Corporate governance and firm performance: evidence from Saudi Arabia. Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal, 11(1), 78-98. http://dx.doi.org/10.14453/aabfj.v11i1.6
Chaney, P. K., Faccio, M., & Parsley, D. (2011). The quality of accounting information in politically connected firms. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 51(1-2), 58-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2010.07.003
Cheema, M. U., Munir, R., & Su, S. (2016). Political connections and organisational performance: evidence from Pakistan. International Journal of Accounting & Information Management, 24(4), 321-338. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJAIM-05-2016-0053
Ciftci, I., Tatoglu, E., Wood, G., Demirbag, M., & Zaim, S. (2019). Corporate governance and firm performance in emerging markets: Evidence from Turkey. International Business Review, 28(1), 90-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2018.08.004
De Andres, P., Garcia-Rodriguez, I., Romero-Merino, M. E., & Santamaria-Mariscal, M. (2020). Politicians in disguise and financial experts on the board: Evidence from Spanish cajas. Business Research Quarterly, 1-18. [Online]. https://doi.org/ 10.1177/2340944420924417
Dicko, S. (2016). Firms political connections and winning government contracts. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 8(2), 19-32. doi:10.5539/ijef.v8n2p19
Ding, S., Jia, C., Wu, Z., & Zhang, X. (2014). Executive political connections and firm performance: Comparative evidence from privately-controlled and state-owned enterprises. International Review of Financial Analysis, 36, 153-167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2013.12.006
Erin, O., Arumona, J., Onmonya, L., & Omotayo, V. (2019). Board financial education and firm performance: Evidence from the healthcare sector in Nigeria. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 18(4), 1-14. [Online]. https://www.abacademies.org/articles/board-financial-education-and-firm-performance-evidence-from-the-healthcare-sector-in-nigeria-8278.html
Ettredge, M., Li, C., Wang, Q., & Xu, Y. (2019). Executive board member financial expertise and IPO performance. Accounting Horizons, HORIZONS-18-020. https:// doi.org/10.2308/HORIZONS-18-020
Faccio, M. (2006). Politically connected firms. American Economic Review, 96(1), 369-386. doi: 10.1257/000282806776157704
Faccio, M., Masulis, R. W., & McConnell, J. J. (2006). Political connections and corporate bailouts. Journal of Finance, 61(6), 2597-2635. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2006.01000.x
Faccio, M. (2010). Differences between politically connected and non-connected firms: A cross‐country analysis. Financial Management, 39(3), 905-928. https://doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1755-053X.2010.01099.x
Fan, J. P., Wong, T. J., & Zhang, T. (2007). Politically connected CEOs, corporate governance, and post-IPO performance of China's newly partially privatised firms. Journal of Financial Economics, 84(2), 330-357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2006.03.008
Francis, B. B., Hasan, I., & Wu, Q. (2012). Do corporate boards affect firm performance? New evidence from the financial crisis. New Evidence from the Financial Crisis (April 12, 2012). Bank of Finland Research Discussion Paper No. 11/2012. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2041194 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2041194
Güner, A. B., Malmendier, U., & Tate, G. (2008). Financial expertise of directors. Journal of Financial Economics, 88(2), 323-354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2007.05.009
Habib, A., Ranasinghe, D., Muhammadi, A. H., & Islam, A. (2018). Political connections, financial reporting and auditing: Survey of the empirical literature. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 31, 37-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2018.05.002
Harjoto, M.A., Laksmana, I. & Yang, Y.W. (2019). Board nationality and educational background diversity and corporate social performance, Corporate Governance, 19(2), 217-239. https://doi.org/10.1108/CG-04-2018-0138
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2006). Multivariate data analysis (6th ed.). Pearson Prentice Hall.
Hamdan, A., Khamis, R., Anasweh, M., Al-Hashimi, M., & Razzaque, A. (2019). IT governance and firm performance: Empirical study from Saudi Arabia. SAGE Open, 9(2). 1-8 [Online]. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/21582440198 43721
Idris, F., Buchdadi, A., Muttaqien, M., & Hariguna, T. (2020). The role of the board of directors with political connection for increasing the firm value. Accounting, 6(7), 1285-1290. doi: 10.5267/j.ac.2020.8.023
Irianto, D., & Anugerah, N. (2018). The effect of financial expertise on compensation and board of directors turnover. Journal of Applied Managerial Accounting, 2(1), 51-64. https://doi.org/10.30871/jama.v2i1.718
Jackowicz, K., Kozłowski, Ł., & Mielcarz, P. (2014). Political connections and operational performance of non-financial firms: New evidence from Poland. Emerging Markets Review, 20, 109-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ememar.2014.06.005
Jaffar, R., & Abdul-Shukor, Z. (2016). The role of monitoring mechanisms towards company’s performance: Evidence from politically connected companies in Malaysia. Journal of Accounting in Emerging Economies, 6(4), 408-428. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAEE-05-2014-0021
Johl, S. K., Kaur, S., & Cooper, B. J. (2015). Board characteristics and firm performance: Evidence from Malaysian public listed firms. Journal of Economics, Business and Management, 3(2), 239-243.
Juhmani, O. (2017). Corporate governance and the level of Bahraini corporate compliance with IFRS disclosure. Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 18(1), 22-41. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAAR-05-2015-0045
Khan, M. Y. (2016). Corporate governance and cost of capital: Evidence from Pakistani listed firms [Doctoral dissertation, University of Glasgow]. Retrieved December 29, 2020, from http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7722/1/2016KhanPhD.pdf
Khwaja, A. I., & Mian, A. (2005). Do lenders favor politically connected firms? Rent provision in an emerging financial market. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 120(4), 1371-1411. https://doi.org/10.1162/003355305775097524
Lashitew, A. A. (2014). The effect of political connections on credit access: does the level of financial development matter? Kyklos, 67(2), 227-254. https://doi.org/10.1111/ kykl.12051
Maaloul, A., Chakroun, R., & Yahyaoui, S. (2018). The effect of political connections on companies’ performance and value: Evidence from Tunisian companies after the revolution. Journal of Accounting in Emerging Economies, 8(2), 185-204. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAEE-12-2016-0105
Merendino, A., & Melville, R. (2019). The board of directors and firm performance: empirical evidence from listed companies. Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society, 19(3), 508-551. https://doi.org/10.1108/CG-06-2018-0211
Osazuwa, N. P., Che-Ahmad, A., & Che-Adam, N. (2016). Political connection, board characteristics and firm performance in Nigeria. In The European Proceedings of Social & Behavioral Sciences (pp. 769-774). Retrieved December 29, 2020, from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/10fc/1b9a497d20f43d20bc6927c96f8d2614fc76.pdf
Sadiq, M., & Othman, Z. (2017). Earnings manipulations in politically influenced firms. Corporate Ownership & Control, 15(1), 65-71. https://doi.org/10.22495/cocv15i1art6
Sadiq, M., Mohamad, S., & Kwong, W. C. G. (2019). Do CEO incentives mediate the relationship between political influences and financial reporting quality? International Journal of Asian Social Science, 9(3), 276-284. https://econpapers.repec.org/article/ asiijoass/2019_3ap_3a276-284.htm
Saeed, A., Belghitar, Y., & Clark, E. (2015). Political connections and leverage: Firm‐level evidence from Pakistan. Managerial and Decision Economics, 36(6), 364-383. https://doi.org/10.1002/mde.2674
Saeed, A., Belghitar, Y., & Clark, E. (2016). Do political connections affect firm performance? Evidence from a developing country. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 52(8), 1876-1891. https://doi.org/10.1080/1540496X.2015.1041845
Saeed, A., Belghitar, Y., & Clark, E. (2017). Political connections and firm operational efficiencies: Evidence from a developing country. Review of Managerial Science, 11(1), 191-224. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-015-0185-5
Saeed, A., Belghitar, Y., & Clark, E. (2019). Political connections and corporate performance: Evidence from Pakistan. Economics of Transition and Institutional Change, 27(4), 863-889. doi: 10.1111/ecot.12213
Saidu, S. (2019). CEO characteristics and firm performance: Focus on origin, education and ownership. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 9(29), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40497-019-0153-7
Sarwar, B., Xiao, M., Husnain, M., & Naheed, R. (2018). Board financial expertise and dividend-paying behavior of firms: New insights from the emerging equity markets of China and Pakistan. Management Decision, 56(9), 1839-1868. https://doi.org/10.1108/ MD-11-2017-1111
Shaw, T. S., Cordeiro, J. J., & Saravanan, P. (2016). Director network resources and firm performance: Evidence from Indian corporate governance reforms. Asian Business & Management, 15(3), 165-200. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41291-016-0003-1
Sokolov, V., & Solanko, L. (2017). Political influence, firm performance and survival. Higher School of Economics Research Paper No. WP BRP 60/FE/2017. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3000367 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3000367
Swarnodeep, H. & Aurelie, S. (2019). Do board expertise and networked boards affect environmental performance? Journal of Business Ethics, 158, 269-292. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-017-3769-y
Ujunwa, A., Salami, P. O., & Umar, A. H. (2013). CEO duality and firm performance: An integration of institutional perceptive with agency theory. International Journal of Social, Management, Economics and Business Engineering, 7(1), 97–103. doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1079418
Unsal, O. (2017). Political contributions and firm performance: Evidence from lobbying and campaign donations [Doctoral dissertation, The University of New Orleans]. Available at: https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2361
Van Horne, J. C., & Wachowicz, J. M. (2005). Fundamentals of financial management. Pearson Education.
Wang, Y., Yao, C., & Kang, D. (2018). Political connections and firm performance: Evidence from government officials' site visits. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 57, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacfin.2018.05.003
Wu, W., Wu, C., Zhou, C., & Wu, J. (2012). Political connections, tax benefits and firm performance: Evidence from China. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 31(3), 277-300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2011.10.005
Yukl, G. (2012). Effective leadership behavior: What we know and what questions need more attention. Academy of Management Perspectives, 26(4), 66-85. https://doi.org/10.5465/ amp.2012.0088