The current study presents the synthesis of thiophene-appended pyrazoles through 3+2 annulations of chalcones 3(a-g)with aryl hydrazine hydrochlorides 4(a-d) in acetic acid (30%) under reflux conditions produced the thiophene-pyrazole hybrids 5(a-g) in good yields. Structures of synthesized new pyrazoles were confirmed by spectral studies, and elemental analysis. Further, preliminary biological evaluation studies show that compounds 5b and 5f having chloro substitution only in the thiophene ring exhibited excellent inhibition (12.5-25.0 µg/mL) against all the tested organisms in comparison with that of the standard. Compounds, 5a, 5c and 5g having electronegative chloro substitutions each in the aromatic and thiophene rings showed excellent (12.423-31.213 µg mL^-1) DPPH radical scavenging potencies. The synthesis of pyrazoline derivatives and the efficacy of some of the synthesized molecules as antimicrobial and antioxidant agents validate the significance of this study.

Aripiprazole is a widely used antipsychotic approved by the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) in 2002. Methods for preparation of aripiprazole mainly involve the use of expensive and toxic solvents, and the reaction time can be even several hours long. Our method allows to obtain aripiprazole with a yield of approximately 70–80% over just a few minutes using solvent-free conditions in the presence of PTC (Phase Transfer Catalysts) and microwave radiation.

In this paper, the synthesis of arylidene heterobicyclicpyrimidinones and thiones is reported by condensation of aromatic aldehydes, cyclopentanone, and urea or thiourea in the present of FePO4 as the green and recyclable catalyst. Using solvent-free conditions, non-toxic and inexpensive materials, simple and clean work-up, relatively short reaction times, and high yields of the products are the advantages of this method. Also, some new derivatives of arylidene dihydropyrimidinones and thiones were prepared by this green method.

Kinetic study of oxidation of toluidine blue (TB+) by periodate was carried out in aqueous medium and also in the cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) reverse micellar medium. In both the media reaction obeys first order kinetics with respect to each of the reactants. In the reverse micellar medium, the reaction is forty times faster compared to aqueous medium under identical experimental conditions. The pronounced acceleration is accounted for by the lower micro polarity and the concentration effect present in the bound water of reverse micelles. In CTAB reverse micellar medium, the pseudo first order rate constant (k’) of the reaction is almost constant at all values of W, {W=[H2O]/[CTAB]} indicating that the reaction takes place on the micellar surface and results were explained by modified Berezin pseudo phase model..