In this descriptive analytical study conducted within the Jordanian Customs Department, the influence of Customs Intelligence and Risk Management on Sustainable Supply Chain practices and their subsequent effects on Customs Department Logistics were investigated. Data collected through a structured questionnaire distributed to department employees were analyzed using Smart PLS-4. The findings revealed that Customs Intelligence significantly shapes Sustainable Supply Chain practices, emphasizing the importance of data driven decision-making in achieving sustainability goals. Effective Risk Management strategies were found to positively contribute to Sustainable Supply Chain initiatives, highlighting the symbiotic relationship between risk mitigation and sustainability. Sustainable Supply Chain practices, in turn, were demonstrated to enhance the efficiency of Customs Department Logistics. Furthermore, the study unveiled that Sustainable Supply Chain acts as a mediator, enhancing the impact of both Risk Management and Customs Intelligence on Logistics outcomes. These findings collectively underscore the intricate dynamics of these factors in the context of the Jordanian Customs Department, providing valuable insights for optimizing logistics operations, ensuring compliance, and fostering sustainability. This paper contributes valuable insights and empirical evidence to the fields of customs-related logistics, risk management, sustainable supply chain management, and logistics operations within the Jordanian Customs Department. The paper provides recommendations that have the potential to inform and improve logistics practices, benefiting stakeholders in both the public and private sectors and advancing the understanding of these critical dynamics in the broader logistics and supply chain management discipline.

The study aimed to identify the impact of digital transformation and analyze the obstacles and complexities facing the integration of digital technologies into Jordanian Customs and their subsequent impact on achieving strategic flexibility. The study aims to uncover challenges, evaluate their effects, and suggest recommendations to enhance adaptive strategies within Jordanian Customs considering digital transformations. The study included employees in Jordanian General Customs, including customs officials, IT staff, and administrative staff working on digital initiatives. A population of 670 individuals was identified, from whom a purposive sample of (465) directly involved in digital transformation efforts was selected to participate in the study. The study used the descriptive analytical approach to comprehensively investigate the challenges of digital transformation within Jordanian Customs. Surveys, interviews, analysis of regulatory documents formed data collection methods. Quantitative data were subjected to descriptive analysis and regression modeling, while qualitative insights were thematically analyzed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the challenges faced. The analysis revealed the results, the most important of which is that digital transformation has a positive, statistically significant impact in its four dimensions (strategy, organizational culture, transformational leadership, and human resources) in achieving strategic agility in Jordanian Customs, and reveals multi-faceted challenges prevailing within Jordanian Customs, including structural constraints. Infrastructure, resistance to change, cyber security vulnerabilities, and skills gaps among the workforces. The regression analysis highlighted the significant impact of these challenges in hindering the achievement of strategic flexibility within the Customs Department. Based on the results of the study, Jordanian Customs is recommended to take proactive measures to confront the challenges identified. This includes investing in a robust technology infrastructure, implementing targeted training programs to improve employee skills, promoting a culture of innovation, and establishing cross-departmental collaboration to enhance adaptability and strategic flexibility. The study recommended increasing attention to training workers and raising their capabilities to deal with digital transformation positively and improve services.