This review aims to sniff out potential fraud in controlling village funds and to find out effective mechanisms for preventing village fund fraud in Indonesia. However, apart from contributing institutions that were small, previous researchers have ignored the problem of fraud shortly threatening sustainability of institutions such as a small rural village in Indonesia. So, this study is intended to find out how a small village level institution can prevent fraud. This analysis uses a self-administered questionnaire and distributes 250 questionnaires to village heads, secretary of village heads, and financial treasurers in village institutions with 179 questionnaires for which data can be processed. To test the theoretical model, multiple regression is used. Outputs from multiple regression reveals that a habit of honesty and integrity have a positive effect and significant, process and control the internal and supervisory functions are good and behavioral religious has a positive effect but are less significant in the fraud preventive mechanism if implemented partially. This finding also provides a strong picture that if the four dimensions of fraud prevention mechanism must be implemented simultaneously to have high effectiveness and vice versa. On the whole, the research paper is advocating some tactics to prevent fraud which is effective to reduce the threat of fraud in the institution at the smallest village level in Indonesia and the countries of the developing others. The lack of studies empirically the impact of habits of honesty, internal control, and monitoring Duty proper religious behavior and attitudes in an effective study of fraud prevention in non-Western environments has answered the need for this research.

The paper examined the influence of internal control systems on financial performance of Nigeria’s construction firms. It utilized ridge regression to analyze data from a self-administered questionnaire administered to 305 employees at a company. Internal control had a strong positive impact on financial performance, as evidenced by an R2 of 82.92 percent. In the majority of cases, internal control had positive and statistically significant effects and correlations with financial performance. The positive effects of the control environment and risk assessment were statistically insignificant. It suggests upgrading the control system; the control system must be present and functional.

A fraudulent financial statement is an issue that continues to be discussed as a form of deviation from corporate governance. Covid-19 pandemic has also demanded management to uphold the company's performance to have a good public image. Thus, the present study sets out to scrutinize the fraud pentagon theory on fraudulent financial statements. Each element is not able to be tested directly. However, there are proxies. The pressure element is proxied as a personal financial need. The opportunity is becoming the nature of industry. Each of the qualities of the external auditors as well as the change of directors propose rationalization and competence. The frequent number of CEO’s appearances in photos is a proxy of arrogance. The testing was carried out on the registered pharmaceutical companies of the Indonesian stock exchange in the span of the 2015-2019 period. The samples were selected by the means of sampling technique which is purposive. Data are scrutinized by the means of panel data regression. The analysis results show that the characteristics of the industry positively affects financial reports which are fraudulent. Changing top management positions such as directors can be an indication of financial reports which are fraudulent. The personal financial need variables, the caliber of external auditors and the quantity of CEO’s appearance in photos pose no effects on the fraudulent financial statements of the Indonesian's pharmaceutical companies.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the perception of auditors regarding their responsibilities and potential liabilities to third parties in the case of failure to detect fraud/material misstatements and report the findings to the appropriate party. The study proposes that auditors’ perception of their own responsibilities will depend on the level of litigation threat expected by the auditor based on his or her position in the audit firm. The questionnaire was sent to the big 4 audit firms, the global audit firms other than the big 4, and to 189 different sized local audit firms registered with the Saudi Organization of Certified Public Accountants (SOCPA). The findings of this study revealed significant variations among auditors with regards to their perceptions of their own responsibilities and liabilities to financial statements’ users affected by their expected level of exposure to litigation risk.

The purpose of this study is to explore the views of independent external auditors, financial statements’ preparers and financial statements’ users regarding the general responsibilities of auditors with a focus on their responsibility for fraud detection. A structured questionnaire survey was used as an instrument to collect data for this purpose. A total of 1,015 questionnaires were sent to three categories of respondents whereas 261 valid responses were received with an overall response rate of 26%. The findings of this study revealed a substantial audit expectation gap in Saudi Arabia with regards to auditors’ responsibilities in general and their responsibility for fraud detection in particular. Preparers of financial statements and users as well assume that auditors provide an absolute assurance that audited financial statements are free from material misstatements including fraud. In contrast to auditors’ perception, preparers and users of financial statements believe that auditors should be made liable to audit beneficiaries for losses if failed to disclose potential fraud in the audit report or for any subsequent discovery of misstated audited financial statements. This study contributes to the audit profession in Saudi Arabia by highlighting the presence of a serious expectation gap that may adversely affect the value of audit function and the reputation of auditors in Saudi Arabia. The implications of these findings should motivate professional bodies and other interested parties to cooperate and work closely to reduce the gap and find a convergence between auditors and audit beneficiaries about the role and responsibilities of auditors.

The aim of this study is to determine stakeholder acceptance of the blockchain and to investigate a suitable model using a Technology Acceptance Model with specific reference to corporate governance through cryptography in solving decades of financial record-keeping problems. Stakeholders in corporate governance, namely customers, creditors, suppliers, communities, employees, owners, investors, trade unions and social activists, can benefit in different ways. Investors can benefit from buying equity at a lower price and selling it on a market with greater liquidity, but they will find it difficult to disguise their trades. This study argues that almost all aspects of corporate governance can be improved through the application of this technology, which results in greater transparency, increases liquidity, and lowers costs. Corporate governance will also be better because blockchain technology uses the concept of a distributed ledger which allows data to be distributed at every connected point in an efficient and accountable manner, so that all parties in the blockchain can exchange data in real time.

This study aims to analyze the effect of e-purchasing implementation on the reduction of fraud in government procurements in Indonesia. This study also analyzes the role of market access in mediating the effect of e-purchasing implementation on government procurement fraud. The study was conducted in all Procurement Service Units (ULP) of cities and districts in Indonesia. The questionnaires were sent electronically to 520 ULPs, but only 120 respondents could be used in this study. In analyzing data, the Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used with the support of the program Partial Least Square (WarpPLS 7.0) to examine the relationship between variables studied. The results show that the implementation of e-purchasing directly reduces the level of fraud in government procurements in Indonesia. Other findings of the study also indicate that the implementation of e-purchasing expands market access. The rise of market access in implementing e-purchasing will affect the level of frauds relating to procurement practices in the Indonesian government.