This study aims to contribute to the literature on organizational sustainability and explore the issues, challenges, and prospects of the Bangladesh pharmaceutical industry in terms of sustainability. Organizations around the world are becoming more and more concerned about their ability to reduce or prevent the adverse effects of their actions. Sustainability, socially responsible human resource management (SRHRM), green human resource management (GHRM), characteristics of stakeholders, voluntary green behavior, innovative behavior, and government roles are the main areas of concern. Research and existing literature are explored to have a clear grasp of several organizational sustainability components. This study also shows how organizations understand and implement organizational sustainability concerns and difficulties and how to identify whether essential systemic components are still unaddressed. It's difficult to balance social, economic, and environmental responsibility with sustainability. Enhance SRHRM and GHRM by examining stakeholder characteristics and the government's involvement, combined with voluntary green and creative behavior, to create a positive image for society, the economy, and the environment. This research explores the issues, challenges, and prospects of Bangladesh's pharmaceutical industry's organizational sustainability. In contrast to the age of industry 4.0, artificial intelligence and machine learning concerns about human resource management, stakeholder characteristics, government role, and employee behavior contribute to the organizational sustainability of the pharmaceutical sector. The study presents first insights on the issues, challenges, and prospects of Bangladesh's pharmaceutical industry from the perspective of organizational sustainability. Sustainability, employee green and innovative behavior, SRHRM, GHRM, stakeholder characteristics, and government roles are drawing the attention of organizations globally. They are taking more and more responsibility for how their actions affect the environment, society, and the economy.

In these studies, we had observed polyaniline (PANI) supported p-toluene sulfonic acid (TsOH) and FeCl3 (PANI- TsOH, PANI-FeCl3) as excellent reusable solid acid catalysts for the synthesis of 1, 8-dioxo-octahydroxanthene derivatives 4(a-g) under solvent-free grinding method at mild conditions. Additionally, in the same optimized condition ferric nitrate nonahydrate also acted as (non-reusable) very reactive inexpensive Lewis acid catalyst. The ferric nitrate nonahydrate lost its activity in the form of Clayfen (Clay-supported ferric nitrate) catalyst.

Cash flow and leverage are two main components of any business firms. A good level of cash flow and leverage shows a desirable performance for business organizations. This paper presents an empirical investigation to study the relationship between combined leverage and cash flow in terms of board of director’s ownership and corporate governance structures. The study selects 86 randomly selected firms listed on Tehran Stock Exchange over the period 2009-2013. Using some statistical tests, the survey has indicated that there was a meaningful relationship between leverage and cash flow for firms with different corporate governance structures. The study has also determined that there was a meaningful relationship between leverage and cash flow for firms with different board of director’s ownerships.

The present study is aimed at investigating the relationship between financial distress and investment efficiency of companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange (with emphasis on the role of ownership type). To calculate investment efficiency, the Richardson’s model (2006) [Richardson, S. (2006). Over-investment of free cash flow. Review of Accounting Studies, 11(2-3), 159-189.] was employed. The aim of the present study is applied and its method is correlational- ex post facto. Using the exclusion sampling method and by applying the conditions of selecting the sample, 94 companies were selected from 2008 to 2013. To test the research hypotheses, multiple regression was used. Findings of the research indicate that there was a correlation between financial distress and investment efficiency in companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange, and institutional ownership had positive effects on the relationship between financial distress and investment efficiency of companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange. Furthermore, management ownership had no effect on the relationship between financial distress and investment efficiency in companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange.

A series of some new (E)-2-(arylbenzylidene)-2-((4-methoxyphenyl)amino)acetohydrazides 4(a-j) have been conveniently synthesized by intermolecular oxidative cyclization of (E)-2-(arylbenzylidene)-2-[(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]acetohydrazides promoted by iodobenzene diacetate as an oxidant. The structures of the synthesized compounds have been confirmed by 1H NMR, IR, MS and elemental analysis. All the synthesized compounds were tested for their inhibitory action against clinically isolated strains i.e., Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Xanthomonas campestris, Escherichia coli and Fusarium oxysporum. Compounds 4f (21-28 mm, 73.8 %), 4i (20-24 mm, 72.4 %) and 4j (21-27 mm, 71.6 %) demonstrated good antimicrobial activity against all the tested bacterial and fungal strains.

One of the most important factors of survival of financial institutes and banks in the current competitive markets is to create balance and equality among resources and consumptions as well as to keep the health of money circulation in these institutes. According to the experiences obtained from recent financial crises in the world. The lack of appropriate management of the demands of banks and financial institutions can be considered as one of the main factors of occurrence of this crisis. The objective of the present study is to identify and classify customers according to credit risk and decisions of predictive models. The present research is a survey research employing field study in terms of the data collection method. The method of collecting theoretical framework was library research and the data were collected by two ways of data of a questionnaire and real customers’ financial data. To analyze the data of the questionnaire, analytical hierarchy process and to analyze real customers’ financial data, the TOPSIS method were employed. The population of the study included files of real customers in one of the branches of RefahKargaran Bank in city of Tabriz, Iran. From among 800 files, 140 files were completed and using Morgan’s table, 103 files were investigated. The final model was presented and with 95% of probability, if the next customer’s data is entered the model, it will capable of identifying accurately the degree of customer risk.

Electron impact (EI) mass spectrometer apparatus has been used to monitor the relative intensities of ion clusters of the type Xn(H2O)n where X is 3-arylpyrimido[4,5-c]pyridazine-5,7(6H,8H)-diones (1a-d), 3-aryl-7-thioxo-7,8-dihydro-6H-pyrimido[4,5-c]pyridazine-5-ones (2a-d) and n = 1, 2. The m/z of selected fragments obtained from 1a-d and 2a-d show a clustered water molecule due to strong intermolecular H-bonding between fragment and clustered water molecule.

2-(5-Chloro-2-phenoxyphenyl)hydrazine was converted to corresponding 3H-indole by Fischer method utilizing the isopropyl methyl ketone in acetic acid. The reaction of 3H-indole with Vilsmeier-Haack reagent furnished aminomethylene malonaldehyde in excellent yield while the reactions of malonaldehyde with hydrazine, arylhydrazines, amines, cyanoacetamide and hydroxylamine hydrochloride, led to the corresponding pyrazole derivatives, enamines, cyanopyridone, and cyanoacetamide derivatives respectively.

An efficient, green, and facile four-component reaction for the preparation of pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives through the condensation reaction of aryl aldehydes, ethyl acetoacetate, malononitrile, and hydrazine hydrate or phenyl hydrazine in the presence of commercially available organocatalyst sodium benzoate under aqueous condition is reported. The products are produced with high yields and in shorter reaction times. It also is mild, safe, green and environmental friendly.

The dicompartmental macrocyclic ligand (L2)2- was prepared by [1:1] cyclic condensation of N,N?-dimethyacetate-N,N?-ethylene-di(5-methyl-3-formyl-2-hydroxybenzylamine with 1,3-diaminopropane. The ligand includes dissimilar N(amine)2O2 and N(imine)2O2 coordination sites sharing two phenolic oxygen atoms and containing two methyl acetate pedant arms on the amine nitrogen donor atoms. A series of mono- and bimetallic complexes were synthesized and characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, molar conductance measurement, IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy techniques. It was found that during the cyclization process the copper (II) displaced from the N(amine)2O2 to the N(imine)2O2 coordination site and one of the methyl acetate pedant arms is dissociated. The heterodinuclear complex of [ZnL2Cu(?-OAc)]+ was prepared by a transmetallation reaction on the [ZnL2Zn(?-OAc)]+ by Cu(II). The characterization results showed that the two metal ions are bridged by two phenolic oxygen atoms and an acetate group, providing distorted five-coordination geometries for the both metal ions.