In real-world markets, supply chain costs often fluctuate over time due to the contango and backwardation effects, making multi-period supply chain planning complex and critical. This paper presents a multi-period supply chain optimization model that explicitly incorporates these effects into cost forecasting and decision-making. A multi-period supply chain model is developed, considering the cost uncertainty introduced by contango and backwardation. An integrated polynomial regression fuzzy method is proposed to address this problem by predicting future fluctuations in purchasing, ordering, and logistics costs. A mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model is formulated to minimize the total supply chain cost across multiple periods. Moreover, improving the hybrid genetic algorithm (IHGA) is proposed to solve this problem. The performance of the proposed IHGA is triggered by integrating trust region, quasi-Newton, and pattern search methods. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) determines the optimal parameter settings and hybridization structure. A real-world case study involving surgical instrument manufacturing companies validates the proposed approach. The results highlight optimal supplier selection and order allocations for each period, and performance comparisons reveal that the IHGA outperforms traditional algorithms in terms of cost efficiency, computational time, and convergence behavior.

In the article, on the basis of previously conducted theoretical and experimental studies, a phys-ical model of the process of additional impact on the basis of non-uniform plastic deformation is developed and investigated. On the basis of the physical model, a mathematical model of the additional impact is developed, the generalizing factor of which in the case of asymmetric de-formation is the external moment from the side lines.

The article analyzes the stress-strain state in the zone of plastic deformation during special caliber rolling. The principle of caliber rolling technology is described, which makes it possible to combine shear and compression deformations in the cross-section of metals, alloys, and metal-matrix composites. The analysis results of stresses and strains during shear rolling in a diamond pass, which included compressive strains that had not been considered in previous studies, revealed that localization or point inversion of stresses and strains is observed in the plastic deformation zone. Stress and strain are localized along the minor and major diagonals of the diamond pass.

The article presents an analysis of the stress state of workpieces during upsetting of workpieces with an additional shear. For the analysis, the slip line method and the finite element method were used. A schematic diagram of upsetting in dies with “floating” elements, contributing to the implementation of additional shear, reduction of barreling, inhomogenous deformation and contour tensile stresses, is presented. The analysis of the research results showed that during upsetting of workpieces with additional shift forces, tensile stresses on the side surface of the workpieces decrease, which excludes the appearance of cracks on the side surface of the samples, especially when processing low-plastic alloy steels and alloys, and also reduces the barreling of the side surface.

Transition to the digital economy determines the readiness of the national economy complex for the emergence of new industries, forms of economic cooperation, and general development of the regional economy on the whole, both for a separate region and for the entire country. Authors determine the possibility of application of digital transformations in regional devel-opment. This is due to the fact that the Republic of Kazakhstan is a country with widely dif-ferentiated regional development. This means that regional development should be proceed not only from the application of digital technology directly within the regional economy, but also from the introduction of digital technology in certain sectors of the industrial complex. The novelty of the study lies in the determination of the possibility of implementing digital technology as an integral part of the economy and the possibility of clustering individual industries on the basis of digital platforms and communication technology. The authors provide mathematical justification of the integration model for digital complexes within various economy sectors of individual regions. Authors propose using the developed mechanism for structuring the current situation of regional economic development. The practical significance of the study is determined upon designing regional developmen

To increase finance performance any small company needs to improve its management in supply chain and human competence (response). The main aim of our work is aimed at identifying universal marketing audit tools that could help small businesses to increase efficiency and profitability. A sample of 144 small businesses through a survey were used for research. The study applied the SmartPls program for finding marketing audit tools. Our research showed that supply chain management and response (reaction to feedback from employees or customers) are main tools of marketing audit to help improve a small business. We found that marketing audit has a positive effect on both current market efficiency and current profitability. Results also show that, despite the direct benefits of marketing audit, many small companies in emerging markets do not adopt audit due to lack of marketing knowledge. This study can be a reference for owners of small businesses in emerging markets. We developed novel tools of marketing audit that could help small businesses. This paper is an original contribution to managerial knowledge.

The significance of project scheduling and sequencing has increased considerably in recent years, driven by the rising customer demand for highly personalized solutions. Companies have to consider multiple criteria while executing multiple projects simultaneously to meet the customer demands. Therefore, this study focuses on the multi-objective multi-project scheduling and sequencing problem (MP-SSP). A simulation-based mathematical model is developed and integrated with a multi-objective genetic algorithm. The objectives of this model are to minimize the project execution cost, project completion time and project lateness simultaneously while maximizing the resource utilization in the stochastic environment. Goal attainment programming is introduced in the simulation integrated multi-objective genetic algorithm (SIHMO-GA) to increase the effectiveness of the algorithm. Further, response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to find the optimum parameters of the proposed SIHMO-GA. The effectiveness of the proposed SIHMO-GA is evaluated through a real-world case study by comparing it with simulation-optimization approaches, namely the multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) and goal attainment programming. Gap analysis indicates that the SIHMO-GA provides best trade off values of the above-mentioned conflicting objectives under a stochastic environment. This study supports practical scheduling and sequencing of multiple projects in a stochastic environment by generating solutions that maximize profit, enhance resource utilization, and ensure customer satisfaction through timely project delivery.

This paper examines the relationship between entrepreneurial training, entrepreneurial culture and organizational performance. Accordingly, the study also investigates the moderating effect of gov-ernment funding on the relationship between entrepreneurial culture, entrepreneurial training and business performance among the public universities in Pakistan. The respondents include 415 heads of department out of 1100 identified in the study. Structural equation modeling using PLS 2.0 M3 reports significant relationship between entrepreneurial training and organizational performance. Likewise, entrepreneurial culture is also reported to be significantly important for boosting organizational performance. Importantly, the study reports significant moderation of government funding on the relationship between entrepreneurial culture and organizational performance. How-ever, no moderation is reported on the entrepreneurial training and organizational performance relationship. The findings of this study have enhanced the understanding regarding government funding in the prospect of improving the performance of the HEIs in Pakistan. The study recommends that the state government and higher education institutions in Pakistan allow room for entrepreneurial activities, and development of entrepreneurial principles and opportunities, and further encourage entrepreneurial practices through the development of public entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial training on innovation to generate/create positive effects on the organizational performance of HEIs.

The study of the stress state and power parameters when pulling workpieces in a special die with an inclined working surface at various shapes of the plastic deformation zone and geometric parameters of the special die was conducted. The distinctive feature of the proposed special die and the metal treatment process in the working channel of this die was described. The theoretical provisions and assumptions from the fundamental theory of plasticity and metal forming were used. The influence of the intensity of shear deformations on the stress state and force at the angles of inclination of the working surface of the die within 45–20°, the value of the ratio of the diameter of the workpiece to the length of the inclined surface d/z=1.5–2.0 was investigated. The optimal d/z ratio was determined by the method to a rigid punch indenting a rigid-plastic half-space, as well as by the method of strain energy. The field of slip lines and hodographs of velocities for various shapes of the deformation zone and geometric parameters of a special die were constructed. Based on the constructed slip line fields and velocity hodographs, the mean stress and stress components at the nodal points of the slip line field with the compilation of the equilibrium equations for all forces applied to the plastic zone were calculated. The study of the influence of contact friction between the working surface of the die channel and the workpiece on the stress state and power parameters during pulling was carried out. It was revealed that the optimal ratio d/z=1.5 and the optimal angle of inclination of the working channel of the die α=20°. It was found that for these parameters in the zone of plastic deformation, mainly significant compressive stresses act, which favorably affect the obtaining of a homogeneous and refined microstructure, and also exclude the appearance of anisotropy due to the implementation of maximum shear deformations in the workpiece.

Logistics system is one of the basic concepts of effective supply chain management. In the Republic of Kazakhstan, all types of public transport constitute a single transport system (ETS), which includes railway, river, sea, road, air and pipeline transport. An important element of the ETS of the country is the transport network, which determines the possible directions of transportation and the points between which a particular type of communication is established. It consists of communications of different types of public and non-public transport. The formation of effective supply chain management and transport network is due to a number of socio-economic factors: the development and location of the economy; urban settlements; the direction and power of the main transport and economic relations; location of large resort and tourist sites, the need to optimize costs. Additionally, this research analyzes the trends in innovation for logistic services of supply chain management in the targeted region through multiple aspects, intellectual capital, and organizational resources. Research findings show that both multiple aspects and intellectual capital are positively and significantly associated with innovation in logistic services for the supply chain management. However, the study finds no evidence for the relationship between organizational resources and innovation for logistic services in supply chain management. As a result of the research, practical aspects and significance of the management of the transport and logistics system of the republic are determined, on the basis of which the relevant conclusions were made.