How to cite this paper
Khalid, N., Ahmed, U., Tundikbayeva, B & Ahmed, M. (2019). Entrepreneurship and organizational performance: Empirical insight into the role of entrepreneurial training, culture and government funding across higher education institutions in Pakistan.Management Science Letters , 9(5), 755-770.
Refrences
Abbott, M., & Doucouliagos, C. (2003). The efficiency of Australian universities: a data envelopment analysis. Economics of Education Review, 22(1), 89-97.
Ahmad, A. R., Farley, A., & Soon, N. K. (2014). Categorisation of Public Universities Fund-ing. Asian Social Science, 10(10), 57-67.
Ahmed, M. (2013). Higher Education Commission, Annual Report. Retrieved from: https://www.che.ac.za/sites/default/files/publications/CHE%20Annual%20Report%202012_2013.pdf. [Accessed 27 July 2017]
Ahmed, U., A.H.A. Majid and L.M. Zin. (2016a). Construct validation of 17-item Utrecht University work engagement scale amongst the white collar employees of Malaysian Universities. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 6(5), 306-312.
Ahmed, U., Phulpoto, W., Umrani, W.A., Abbas, I.A. (2016b). Diving deep in employee training to understand employee engagement. The International Journal of Management, 5(1), 1-5.
Ahmed, U., Umrani, W. A., Pahi, M. H., & Shah, S. M. M. (2017). Engaging PhD Students: Investi-gating the role of supervisor support and psychological capital in a mediated model. Iranian Jour-nal of Management Studies, 10(2), 283-306.
Aluko, M. A. O. (2003). The impact of culture on organizational performance in selected textile firms in Nigeria. Nordic Journal of African Studies, 12(2), 164-179.
Antony, J. P., & Bhattacharyya, S. (2010). Measuring organizational performance and organizational excellence of SMEs-Part 1: a conceptual framework. Measuring Business Excellence, 14(2), 3-11.
Ariff, M., & Abubakar, S. Y. (2002). Strengthening entrepreneurship in Malaysia. Malaysian Econom-ic Outlook: 1st Quarter 2002 Update, 1-22.
Bagozzi, R., & Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the Acade-my of Marketing Science, 16(1), 74-94.
Beugelsdijk, S. (2010). Entrepreneurial culture, regional innovativeness and economic growth. In Entrepreneurship and culture (pp. 129-154). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Carmines, E. G., & Zeller, R. A. (1979). Reliability and validity assessment (Vol. 17). London: Sage publications.
CEDI (2017). Co-operative and Entrepreneurship Development Institute. Retrieved from: http://cedi.uum.edu.my/ [Acessed 25 May 2017].
Chin, W. W. (1998). The partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling. In G. A. Marcoulides (Ed.), Modern methods for business research (pp. 295-336). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Chung, T. D., Khosla, S., Badley, A. D., & Jackson, M. R. (2014). Seeding Open Innovation Drug Discovery and Translational Collaborations to Leverage Government Funding: A Case Study of Strategic Partnership between Sanford‐Burnham and Mayo Clinic. Collaborative Innovation in Drug Discovery, 451-486.
Codrina, C. L. (2008). A study of human resources management practices in Romanian private com-panies. Annals of the University of Oradea, Economic Science Series, 17(4), 179-183.
Covin, J. G., & Slevin, D. P. (1989). Strategic management of small firms in hostile and benign envi-ronments. Strategic Management Journal, 10(1), 75-87.
Cumming, D. (2007). Government policy towards entrepreneurial finance: Innovation investment funds. Journal of Business Venturing, 22(2), 193-235.
Delaney, J. T., & Huselid, M. A. (1996). The impact of human resource management practices on per-ceptions of organizational performance. Academy of Management Journal, 39(4), 949-969.
Else, H. (2016). Malaysia cuts public university funding. Retrieved from: http://www.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/budget-2017-public-universities-suffer-almost-20pc-spending-cut#yqt2kjyh127s5uQj.97 [Accessed 23 July 2017].
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable varia-bles and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50.
Geisser, S. (1974). A predictive approach to the random effect model. Biometrika, 61(1), 101-107.
Hair Jr, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M. (2016). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Sage Publications.
Hair, J. F., Jr.; Hult, G. Tomas M.; Ringle, Christian M.; & Sarstedt, Marko (2014). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publica-tions.
Hair, Jr, F., Sarstedt, M., Hopkins, L., & Kuppelwieser, V. G. (2014). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM): An emerging tool in business research. European Business Re-view, 26(2), 106-121.
Hayton, J. C. (2005). Promoting corporate entrepreneurship through human resource management practices: A review of empirical research. Human Resource Management Review, 15(1), 21-41.
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sinkovics, R. R. (2009). The use of partial least squares path modeling in international marketing. In New challenges to international marketing (pp. 277-319). Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
Higher Education Commission Pakistan (2016). Public Sector universities/degree awarding institu-tions. Retrieved from: http://www.hec.gov.pk/english/universities/Pages/DAIs/HEC-recognized-Campuses.aspx. [Accessed 9 April, 2016]
Hulland, J. (1999). Use of partial least squares (PLS) in strategic management research: A review of four recent studies. Strategic Management Journal, 20(2), 195-204.
Kearney, C., Hisrich, R. D., & Roche, F. (2009). Public and private sector entrepreneurship: similari-ties, differences or a combination?. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 16(1), 26-46.
Keeter, S. ( 2005). Survey Research. In D. Druckman (Ed.), Doing research: Methods of In-quiry for conflict analysis (pp. 123-162). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
Kim, P. S., Pindur, W., & Reynolds, K. (1995). Creating a new organizational culture: the key to total quality management in the public sector. International Journal of Public Administration, 18(4), 675-709.
Kithae, P. P., Maganjo, R., & Kavinda, L. (2013). Impact of entrepreneurship training on performance of micro and small enterprises (MSES) in Kenya: A case study of Embu Municipality. International Journal of Business and Management Review, 1(2), 1-17.
Kura, K. M., Shamsudin, F. M., & Chauhan, A. (2015). Does self-regulatory efficacy matter? Effects of punishment certainty and punishment severity on organizational deviance. SAGE Open, 5(2), 1-14.
Kuvaas, B. (2008). A test of hypotheses derived from self-determination theory among public sector employees. Employee Relations, 31(1), 39-56.
Lai, Y. C. (1998). A study of the perceived effects of the changes in government funding policies for higher education by the chief fiscal officers in Taiwan's higher education institutions. Ph.D disserta-tion, Ohio University.
Leal-Rodríguez, A. L., Eldridge, S., Roldán, J. L., Leal-Millán, A. G., & Ortega-Gutiérrez, J. (2015). Organizational unlearning, innovation outcomes, and performance: The moderating effect of firm size. Journal of Business Research, 68(4), 803-809.
Lee, S. M., & Peterson, S. J. (2000). Culture, entrepreneurial orientation, and global competitive-ness. Journal of World Business, 35(4), 401-416.
Lok, P. Westwood, R. & Crawford, J. (2005). Perceptions of organisational subculture and their sig-nificance for organisational commitment. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 54(4), 490–514.
Lumpkin, G. T., & Dess, G. G. (1996). Clarifying the entrepreneurial orientation construct and linking it to performance. Academy of Management Review, 21(1), 135-172.
Martins, E. C., & Terblanche, F. (2003). Building organisational culture that stimulates creativity and innovation. European journal of Innovation Management, 6(1), 64-74.
McKenzie, D., & Woodruff, C. (2013). What are we learning from business training and entrepre-neurship evaluations around the developing world?. The World Bank Research Observer, 29(1), 48-82.
Miron, E., Erez, M., & Naveh, E. (2004). Do personal characteristics and cultural values that promote innovation, quality, and efficiency compete or complement each other?. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(2), 175-199.
MOF (2016). Ministry of Finance Budget 2017: Public universities suffer almost 20pc spending cut. Retrieved from: http://www.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/budget-2017-public-universities-suffer-almost-20pc-spending-cut#6YGBSAY15OILWdCL.97. [Accessed 13 July, 2017]
Mok, K. H. (2005). Fostering entrepreneurship: Changing role of government and higher education governance in Hong Kong. Research Policy, 34(4), 537-554.
Morris, M. H., & Jones, F. F. (1999). Entrepreneurship in established organizations: The case of the public sector. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 24(1), 71-71.
Muscio, A., Quaglione, D., & Vallanti, G. (2013). Does government funding complement or substi-tute private research funding to universities?. Research Policy, 42(1), 63-75.
Noguera, M., Alvarez, C., & Urbano, D. (2013). Socio-cultural factors and female entrepreneur-ship. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 9(2), 183-197.
Nor, N. (2015). Entrepreneurship development policy in Malaysia. Retrieved from: http://ap.fftc.agnet.org/ap_db.php?id=439&print=1 [Accessed 25 August, 2017].
Ringle, C. M., Wende, S., & Will, S. (2005). SmartPLS 2.0 beta. University of Hamburg, Germany. Retrieved from https:// www.smartpls.com/#downloads
Robuan, M. R. S., Jaén, I., & Liñán, F. (2017). 5. Promoting entrepreneurship in an unfavourable set-ting: a case study of a university programme in Malaysia. The Emergence of Entrepreneurial Be-haviour: Intention, Education and Orientation, 89-94.
Rosli, M. M. & Mahmood, R. (2013). Moderating Effects of Human Resource Management Practices and Entrepreneur Training on Innovation and Small-Medium Firm Performance. Journal of Man-agement and Strategy. 4(2), 60-69.
Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research methods for business: A skill building approach. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Soares, A. C., Moeljadi, Rohman, F. & Solimun, (2014). Effect of Entrepreneurial orientation on business performance moderated by Government Policy (Study on SMEs in Timor Leste). Interna-tional Journal of Business and Management Invention, 3(8), 64-71.
Stone, M. (1974). Cross-validatory choice and assessment of statistical predictions. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B (Methodological), 36(2), 111-147.
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using Multivariate Statistics (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon/Pearson Education.
Úbeda-García, M., Marco-Lajara, B., Sabater-Sempere, V., & Garcia-Lillo, F. (2013). Training policy and organisational performance in the Spanish hotel industry. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24(15), 2851-2875.
Umrani, W. A., Mahmood, R., & Ahmed, U. (2016). Unveiling the direct effect of corporate entre-preneurship's dimensions on the business performance: A case of Big Five Banks in Paki-stan. Studies in Business & Economics, 11(1). 181-195.
Winter, M., Smith, C., Cooke-Davies, T., & Cicmil, S. (2006). The importance of ‘process’ in rethink-ing project management: the story of a UK government-funded research network. International Journal of Project Management, 24(8), 650-662.
Wold, H. (1985). Partial Least Squares. In S. Kotz & N. L. Johnson (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Statistical Sciences (Vol. 6, pp. 581–591). New York: Wiley.
Wold, H. (1974). Causal flows with latent variables: partings of the ways in the light of NIPALS modelling. European Economic Review, 5(1), 67-86.
Zare, A. H., & Shakeri, F. (2011). The effect of organizational culture on corporate entrepreneurship in small and medium enterprises: A case study of small and medium enterprises in Yazd province. Organizational Culture Management, 9(23), 51-69.
Zhao, W., & La Pira, F. (2013). Chinese Entrepreneurship: Institutions, Ecosystems and Growth Lim-its. Advances in Economics and Business, 1(2), 72-88.
Ahmad, A. R., Farley, A., & Soon, N. K. (2014). Categorisation of Public Universities Fund-ing. Asian Social Science, 10(10), 57-67.
Ahmed, M. (2013). Higher Education Commission, Annual Report. Retrieved from: https://www.che.ac.za/sites/default/files/publications/CHE%20Annual%20Report%202012_2013.pdf. [Accessed 27 July 2017]
Ahmed, U., A.H.A. Majid and L.M. Zin. (2016a). Construct validation of 17-item Utrecht University work engagement scale amongst the white collar employees of Malaysian Universities. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 6(5), 306-312.
Ahmed, U., Phulpoto, W., Umrani, W.A., Abbas, I.A. (2016b). Diving deep in employee training to understand employee engagement. The International Journal of Management, 5(1), 1-5.
Ahmed, U., Umrani, W. A., Pahi, M. H., & Shah, S. M. M. (2017). Engaging PhD Students: Investi-gating the role of supervisor support and psychological capital in a mediated model. Iranian Jour-nal of Management Studies, 10(2), 283-306.
Aluko, M. A. O. (2003). The impact of culture on organizational performance in selected textile firms in Nigeria. Nordic Journal of African Studies, 12(2), 164-179.
Antony, J. P., & Bhattacharyya, S. (2010). Measuring organizational performance and organizational excellence of SMEs-Part 1: a conceptual framework. Measuring Business Excellence, 14(2), 3-11.
Ariff, M., & Abubakar, S. Y. (2002). Strengthening entrepreneurship in Malaysia. Malaysian Econom-ic Outlook: 1st Quarter 2002 Update, 1-22.
Bagozzi, R., & Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the Acade-my of Marketing Science, 16(1), 74-94.
Beugelsdijk, S. (2010). Entrepreneurial culture, regional innovativeness and economic growth. In Entrepreneurship and culture (pp. 129-154). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Carmines, E. G., & Zeller, R. A. (1979). Reliability and validity assessment (Vol. 17). London: Sage publications.
CEDI (2017). Co-operative and Entrepreneurship Development Institute. Retrieved from: http://cedi.uum.edu.my/ [Acessed 25 May 2017].
Chin, W. W. (1998). The partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling. In G. A. Marcoulides (Ed.), Modern methods for business research (pp. 295-336). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Chung, T. D., Khosla, S., Badley, A. D., & Jackson, M. R. (2014). Seeding Open Innovation Drug Discovery and Translational Collaborations to Leverage Government Funding: A Case Study of Strategic Partnership between Sanford‐Burnham and Mayo Clinic. Collaborative Innovation in Drug Discovery, 451-486.
Codrina, C. L. (2008). A study of human resources management practices in Romanian private com-panies. Annals of the University of Oradea, Economic Science Series, 17(4), 179-183.
Covin, J. G., & Slevin, D. P. (1989). Strategic management of small firms in hostile and benign envi-ronments. Strategic Management Journal, 10(1), 75-87.
Cumming, D. (2007). Government policy towards entrepreneurial finance: Innovation investment funds. Journal of Business Venturing, 22(2), 193-235.
Delaney, J. T., & Huselid, M. A. (1996). The impact of human resource management practices on per-ceptions of organizational performance. Academy of Management Journal, 39(4), 949-969.
Else, H. (2016). Malaysia cuts public university funding. Retrieved from: http://www.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/budget-2017-public-universities-suffer-almost-20pc-spending-cut#yqt2kjyh127s5uQj.97 [Accessed 23 July 2017].
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable varia-bles and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50.
Geisser, S. (1974). A predictive approach to the random effect model. Biometrika, 61(1), 101-107.
Hair Jr, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M. (2016). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Sage Publications.
Hair, J. F., Jr.; Hult, G. Tomas M.; Ringle, Christian M.; & Sarstedt, Marko (2014). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publica-tions.
Hair, Jr, F., Sarstedt, M., Hopkins, L., & Kuppelwieser, V. G. (2014). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM): An emerging tool in business research. European Business Re-view, 26(2), 106-121.
Hayton, J. C. (2005). Promoting corporate entrepreneurship through human resource management practices: A review of empirical research. Human Resource Management Review, 15(1), 21-41.
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sinkovics, R. R. (2009). The use of partial least squares path modeling in international marketing. In New challenges to international marketing (pp. 277-319). Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
Higher Education Commission Pakistan (2016). Public Sector universities/degree awarding institu-tions. Retrieved from: http://www.hec.gov.pk/english/universities/Pages/DAIs/HEC-recognized-Campuses.aspx. [Accessed 9 April, 2016]
Hulland, J. (1999). Use of partial least squares (PLS) in strategic management research: A review of four recent studies. Strategic Management Journal, 20(2), 195-204.
Kearney, C., Hisrich, R. D., & Roche, F. (2009). Public and private sector entrepreneurship: similari-ties, differences or a combination?. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 16(1), 26-46.
Keeter, S. ( 2005). Survey Research. In D. Druckman (Ed.), Doing research: Methods of In-quiry for conflict analysis (pp. 123-162). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
Kim, P. S., Pindur, W., & Reynolds, K. (1995). Creating a new organizational culture: the key to total quality management in the public sector. International Journal of Public Administration, 18(4), 675-709.
Kithae, P. P., Maganjo, R., & Kavinda, L. (2013). Impact of entrepreneurship training on performance of micro and small enterprises (MSES) in Kenya: A case study of Embu Municipality. International Journal of Business and Management Review, 1(2), 1-17.
Kura, K. M., Shamsudin, F. M., & Chauhan, A. (2015). Does self-regulatory efficacy matter? Effects of punishment certainty and punishment severity on organizational deviance. SAGE Open, 5(2), 1-14.
Kuvaas, B. (2008). A test of hypotheses derived from self-determination theory among public sector employees. Employee Relations, 31(1), 39-56.
Lai, Y. C. (1998). A study of the perceived effects of the changes in government funding policies for higher education by the chief fiscal officers in Taiwan's higher education institutions. Ph.D disserta-tion, Ohio University.
Leal-Rodríguez, A. L., Eldridge, S., Roldán, J. L., Leal-Millán, A. G., & Ortega-Gutiérrez, J. (2015). Organizational unlearning, innovation outcomes, and performance: The moderating effect of firm size. Journal of Business Research, 68(4), 803-809.
Lee, S. M., & Peterson, S. J. (2000). Culture, entrepreneurial orientation, and global competitive-ness. Journal of World Business, 35(4), 401-416.
Lok, P. Westwood, R. & Crawford, J. (2005). Perceptions of organisational subculture and their sig-nificance for organisational commitment. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 54(4), 490–514.
Lumpkin, G. T., & Dess, G. G. (1996). Clarifying the entrepreneurial orientation construct and linking it to performance. Academy of Management Review, 21(1), 135-172.
Martins, E. C., & Terblanche, F. (2003). Building organisational culture that stimulates creativity and innovation. European journal of Innovation Management, 6(1), 64-74.
McKenzie, D., & Woodruff, C. (2013). What are we learning from business training and entrepre-neurship evaluations around the developing world?. The World Bank Research Observer, 29(1), 48-82.
Miron, E., Erez, M., & Naveh, E. (2004). Do personal characteristics and cultural values that promote innovation, quality, and efficiency compete or complement each other?. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(2), 175-199.
MOF (2016). Ministry of Finance Budget 2017: Public universities suffer almost 20pc spending cut. Retrieved from: http://www.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/budget-2017-public-universities-suffer-almost-20pc-spending-cut#6YGBSAY15OILWdCL.97. [Accessed 13 July, 2017]
Mok, K. H. (2005). Fostering entrepreneurship: Changing role of government and higher education governance in Hong Kong. Research Policy, 34(4), 537-554.
Morris, M. H., & Jones, F. F. (1999). Entrepreneurship in established organizations: The case of the public sector. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 24(1), 71-71.
Muscio, A., Quaglione, D., & Vallanti, G. (2013). Does government funding complement or substi-tute private research funding to universities?. Research Policy, 42(1), 63-75.
Noguera, M., Alvarez, C., & Urbano, D. (2013). Socio-cultural factors and female entrepreneur-ship. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 9(2), 183-197.
Nor, N. (2015). Entrepreneurship development policy in Malaysia. Retrieved from: http://ap.fftc.agnet.org/ap_db.php?id=439&print=1 [Accessed 25 August, 2017].
Ringle, C. M., Wende, S., & Will, S. (2005). SmartPLS 2.0 beta. University of Hamburg, Germany. Retrieved from https:// www.smartpls.com/#downloads
Robuan, M. R. S., Jaén, I., & Liñán, F. (2017). 5. Promoting entrepreneurship in an unfavourable set-ting: a case study of a university programme in Malaysia. The Emergence of Entrepreneurial Be-haviour: Intention, Education and Orientation, 89-94.
Rosli, M. M. & Mahmood, R. (2013). Moderating Effects of Human Resource Management Practices and Entrepreneur Training on Innovation and Small-Medium Firm Performance. Journal of Man-agement and Strategy. 4(2), 60-69.
Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research methods for business: A skill building approach. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Soares, A. C., Moeljadi, Rohman, F. & Solimun, (2014). Effect of Entrepreneurial orientation on business performance moderated by Government Policy (Study on SMEs in Timor Leste). Interna-tional Journal of Business and Management Invention, 3(8), 64-71.
Stone, M. (1974). Cross-validatory choice and assessment of statistical predictions. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B (Methodological), 36(2), 111-147.
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using Multivariate Statistics (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon/Pearson Education.
Úbeda-García, M., Marco-Lajara, B., Sabater-Sempere, V., & Garcia-Lillo, F. (2013). Training policy and organisational performance in the Spanish hotel industry. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24(15), 2851-2875.
Umrani, W. A., Mahmood, R., & Ahmed, U. (2016). Unveiling the direct effect of corporate entre-preneurship's dimensions on the business performance: A case of Big Five Banks in Paki-stan. Studies in Business & Economics, 11(1). 181-195.
Winter, M., Smith, C., Cooke-Davies, T., & Cicmil, S. (2006). The importance of ‘process’ in rethink-ing project management: the story of a UK government-funded research network. International Journal of Project Management, 24(8), 650-662.
Wold, H. (1985). Partial Least Squares. In S. Kotz & N. L. Johnson (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Statistical Sciences (Vol. 6, pp. 581–591). New York: Wiley.
Wold, H. (1974). Causal flows with latent variables: partings of the ways in the light of NIPALS modelling. European Economic Review, 5(1), 67-86.
Zare, A. H., & Shakeri, F. (2011). The effect of organizational culture on corporate entrepreneurship in small and medium enterprises: A case study of small and medium enterprises in Yazd province. Organizational Culture Management, 9(23), 51-69.
Zhao, W., & La Pira, F. (2013). Chinese Entrepreneurship: Institutions, Ecosystems and Growth Lim-its. Advances in Economics and Business, 1(2), 72-88.