During the past few years, rapid access to medication has been important for having effective healthcare delivery, nevertheless Canadian patients encounter growing delays in getting treatment. In 2024, patients had to wait for an average of 30 weeks from referral by a general practitioner to actual treatment, which was the worst ever recorded—up from 27.7 weeks in 2023 and 222% longer than the 9.3-week benchmark in 1993. These delays are aggravated by diagnostic bottlenecks, with wait times of 16.2 weeks for MRI scans and 8.1 weeks for CT scans. Such prolonged intervals are more than clinically acceptable thresholds and risk compromising patient outcomes. This paper investigates systemic barriers—including specialist shortages, infrastructure limitations, and regional disparities—and evaluates their applications for healthcare policy. By identifying key inefficiencies, the investigation plans to inform evidence-based reforms that enhance medication access and equity across Canada.

During the past four decades, there have been tremendous changes on earth due to climate change. Humankind has increasingly used fossil fuels such as coal, oil, etc. and increased the green gas effect on this planet. Nowadays, most scientists believe there must be some actions to prevent global warming to rescue the next generation from the irreversible consequences of climate change. This paper studies the recent studies on the effects of global warming in Canada. The study reviews the recent efforts on the effects of global warming on forests, lakes, etc.

During the past few years, there have been tremendous changes on social media through different applications in Canada. Many people choose their products and services solely based on the tips they receive from various social media such as Facebook, Twitter, etc. Social media are ex-periencing an increase popularity, both among the ordinary people who simply use the facilitated interaction, and businessman who observe it as a serious marketing facility. In this paper, we study the trend and usage of social media for different purposes in Canadian society. The survey indicates that Facebook has been the most popular followed by Twitter and LinkedIn. The study also indicates that social media are used for many purposes such as reaching update news, recommending products or services, recruiting employees, etc.

During the past few years, many patients must wait for a long period of time to receive MRI/CT medication. This paper presents an empirical method to measure the relative efficiency of MRI/CT medications using the popular method of data envelopment analysis. The proposed method of this paper uses two inputs; the number of employees and the number of MRI or CT devises used and considers the number of patients received medications as the output. The results indicate that Alberta was the most efficient province according to all four DEA techniques. However, the study did not find strong evidence to claim low efficiencies in nearly all provinces.

Plastic pollution is one of the most importation subjects of water contaminations in the world. Plastic pollutions not only threats locally, but also, they are widespread, posing broader risks to the world and environment. Plastics which act as pollutants are categorized by size into micro-, meso-, or macro debris. The micro plastics move through oceans from one region to another region. Today, there are several evidence of micro plastics in south pole where we believe it as a clean area. This paper surveys the effects of micro plastics on the Great Lakes.

Canadian enterprises are increasingly implementing Internet based e-business technologies such as websites, web-based procurement, and e-commerce to reduce their cost and increase their productivity. While there have been several studies in different countries to locate the determi-nants of e-business adoption, the newness of business could preclude much understanding of the factors, which influence the evolution of e-business within firms. This paper performs a review on recent studies on the implementation of e-business adaptation in Canada. The study covers several studies accomplished on Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) after implementing e-business in their business activities and discusses the barriers and the challenges on enhancing the new technology.

Studying the efficiency of hospitals in Canada is very important for optimizing resource allocation and assuring equitable access to high-quality care in different provinces in Can-ada. The analysis could reveal issues in identifying best practices and areas of inefficiency, thereby informing policy decisions and shaping investment strategies. In this paper, we present a four data envelopment analysis methods, namely, CCR, BCC Input Oriented, BCC Output Oriented and Additive to measure the relative efficiency of 10 provinces in terms of offering different services including Discharges, Surgeries and Diagnostic Exams for their patients. The proposed study has implemented DEA technique and using three inputs, Beds in Operations, Hospital Staff (FTE) and Operating Expenses, and outputs, Dis-charges, Surgeries and Diagnostic Exams, measures the relative efficiencies for 10 provinces. The study also uses four DEA techniques for measuring the relative efficiencies of hospitals. The implementation of CCR for all four models yields lower scores compared with other methods. Overall, the method confirms that most hospitals across the country perform relatively well.

Immigration plays an essential role for population growth in many countries. Immigrants create jobs and opportunities in immigration-based countries. Canada is the host of millions of people from different ethnic groups and regions. Every year, thousands of new immigrants come to Canada and many of them are in the form families. This paper presents a review on studies associated with population growth and immigration policies in Canada. The survey performs research on 128 selected articles from 1958 to 2022.

This study evaluates the relative efficiency of primary care systems across Canadian provinces using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Employing four DEA models—CCR, BCC input-oriented, BCC output-oriented, and additive—we assess performance based on three key inputs: average clinical payment per physician, physician density, and digital care uptake. The single output considered is average annual patient visits per adult, reflecting service utilization. Results reveal significant variation in efficiency scores across models, with the CCR method yielding lower scores due to its constant returns to scale assumption. In contrast, BCC and additive models identify more provinces as efficient, highlighting the impact of scale flexibility. Notably, Ontario and Nova Scotia consistently demonstrate high efficiency across all models, suggesting effective resource utilization and strong patient engagement. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers aiming to optimize primary care delivery and support evidence-based resource allocation in Canada’s healthcare system.

During the past few months, the whole Canadian housing prices were witnessed an up-trend. People could enjoy the low interest rates to buy houses, even foreign investors were interested in participating in Canadian real estate pushing the prices up and up. As the COVID19 disappears, we see an uptrend on inflation and, on the other hand, the government placed some restrictions to prevent foreigners of purchasing houses in Canada. This paper investigates whether the government regulation and monetary policy could influence housing prices in Canada.