The nitrovinyl moiety is surely one of the most reactive fragments in organic chemistry, continuously employed to explore original pathways and reach new targets. One of the most important classes of chemicals containing this fragment are nitro-functionalised analogues of 1,3-butadiene. In this paper a comprehensive review study of these compounds is performed. The manuscript includes an analysis of physicochemical properties, spectral characteristic, synthesis, biological activity, and possible transformations of nitro substituted analogues of 1,3-butadiene. The analysis was divided into several parts, depending on the number of nitro groups included in the structure of a 1,3-butadiene analogue. In addition, the work includes information about hazards and safety principles when working with nitro compounds. Based on the analysis of the literature, it can be concluded that nitro-functionalised analogues of 1,3-butadiene exhibit diversified profile of properties, and an outstanding potential as valuable reagents in organic synthesis useful to obtain heterocycles that can be applied in medicine.

This study explores the influence of two key factors, namely communication and disposition, on policy implementation in the educational environment. The main objective of the research is to investigate the impact of communication and disposition on policy implementation, with a specific emphasis on the moderating role of disposition in the relationship between communication and policy implementation. The method used in this research is partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM), analysing data from 232 research samples obtained from nine schools in Indonesia. The research results indicate that communication has a significant and positive influence on policy implementation, while disposition also has a significant and positive impact on policy implementation. A more interesting finding is that disposition, in the context of this research, proves to play a crucial role as a moderating variable, enhancing the positive influence between communication and policy implementation. This finding contributes significantly to our understanding of the complexity of factors influencing policy implementation in the educational environment, particularly from the interaction perspective between communication and disposition. The implications of this research can form the basis for the formulation of more effective and contextual policy strategies in the future.

Retail food businesses are important contributors to the economic stability of nations, contributing to the economy in different ways, including providing jobs in the supply chain pipeline. Global events like the pandemic arising from the spread of COVID-19 threatened the aptitude of retail food outlets to operate due to the restrictions put in place to mitigate the spread of the virus. The objective of this research is to investigate the determinants that impact the longevity of organizations in the food retail industry and construct a survival model that accounts for these characteristics considering the COVID-19 pandemic, and examining the roles of variables such as organizational survival, external general environment, corporate governance policy, transformational change management, economic condition, and marketing innovation. The study utilized quantitative methodology, employing a survey questionnaire to gather data from a sample of 360 entrepreneurs. Subsequently, the data was analyzed using statistical analysis and the Structural Equation Model (SEM). The research findings reveal that the external general environment, transformational change management, economic conditions, corporate governance policies, and marketing innovation have statistically significant positive impacts on organizational survival. Consequently, food retail businesses must adapt within the COVID-19 context, under evolving external conditions, to strategize for enhanced competitive capabilities. This includes managing change and economic conditions for survival in a COVID-19 pandemic characterized by rapid economic shifts, human behavioral changes, and adaptive governance policies that align with situations. These findings can be applied to organizational structures, addressing weaknesses and further enhancing organizational strengths to create innovative marketing approaches that align appropriately with current circumstances for organizational survival. An important limitation of the study is that data were collected from only 360 food retailers in Thailand, representing a partial population of the food retail business in Thailand, hence limiting the generalizability of the results beyond the context of the study and other countries.

The purpose ofthis paper is to perform structural analysis of facilitators of modular architecturein healthcare services by applying interpretive structural modeling (ISM).Inputs were taken from healthcare industry experts and academicians inidentifying and understanding interdependencies among facilitators of modulararchitecture in healthcare services. Further these interdependencies arestructured into a hierarchy in order to derive structural models to deliveruseful insights for theory and practice. Using the ISM approach the facilitatorsof modularity in healthcare services were clustered according to their drivingpower and dependence power. Patient centricity is at the bottom level of thehierarchy implying highest driving power and requires higher attention todeliver quality care outcomes. Facilitators like value dense environment, knowledgeand competence, goal alignment and le-agile strategies have medium driverand dependence powers. The study added insights to the theory of modularsystems. Theauthors recognize that modularity helps in enhancing the patientcentric orientation. The findings provide potentially important information tohealth service managers and providers, enabling them to understand therequisites of modular architecture. This is the first study exploring therelationships between facilitators of modularity in healthcare services. Thestudy complements literature on service modularity with reference to specializedcare unit of maternity services.

Retraction: The editors of Engineering Solid Mechanics retract this article [1] due to severe plagiarism.

In this article, mathematical modelling of torsional vibrations of a truncated circular conical shell located in an elastic medium is carried out. It is believed that the shell is exposed to external dynamic loads, and its material is homogeneous and isotropic. Based on the exact mathematical formulation of the problem, general equations of nonstationary torsional vibrations of a truncated conical shells have been developed, from which, in particular cases, the equations of vibration of a truncated conical rod, as well as a circular cylindrical shell and a round rod follow. The desired functions found by solving the vibrational equations are used to construct a method for computing the stress-strain state of any point in the system under investigation. As an example.

Android malware is widespread and it is considered as one of the most threatening attacks recently. The threat is targeting to damage access data or information or leaking them; in general, malicious software consists of viruses, worms, and other malware. Current malware attempts to prevent being detected by any software or anti-virus. This paper describes recent Android malware detection static and interactive approaches as well as several open-source malware datasets. The paper also examines the most current state-of-the-art Android malware identification techniques including identifying by comparative evaluation the gaps between these techniques. As a result, an API-based dynamic malware detection framework is proposed for Android to provide a dynamic paradigm for malware detection. The proposed framework was closely inspected and checked for reliability where meaningful API packages and methods were discovered.

The global water crisis requires effective wastewater treatment methods where conventional approaches often face challenges related to cost, recyclability, efficiency, and overall effectiveness. In this regard, the significantly small size, large surface area, and enhanced photocatalytic properties of recently developed nanoparticles have opened new avenues for wastewater treatment. This comprehensive review focuses on recent advancements in the synthesis methods for different types of nanoparticles and nanocomposites based on metals, carbon, polymers, waste materials, and zeolites which have highly sustainable and innovative results in wastewater treatment. The introduction of silver and gold nanoparticles has enhanced photocatalytic and biological activities. Similarly, zeolite and seaweed composites have exhibited efficient dye degradation capabilities. Eco-friendly carbon soot nanoparticles have shown promising biological activities, while nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots have exhibited long-term stability for various applications. Additionally, waste material-based calcium oxide nanoparticles and carbon quantum dot-carbon nanotube nanocomposites have also shown enhanced dye degradation activities.

Sampling plans are extensively used in pharmaceutical industries to test drugs or other related materials to ensure that they are safe and consistent. A sampling plan can help to determine the quality of products, to monitor the goodness of materials and to validate the yields whether it is free from defects or not. If the manufacturing process is precisely aligned, the occurrence of defects will be an unusual occasion and will result in an excess number of zeros (no defects) during the sampling inspection. The Zero Inflated Poisson (ZIP) distribution is studied for the given scenario, which helps the management to take a precise decision about the lot and it can certainly reduce the error rate than the regular Poisson model. The Bayesian methodology is a more appropriate statistical procedure for reaching a good decision if the previous knowledge is available concerning the production process. This article proposed a new design of the Bayesian Repetitive Group Sampling plan based on Zero Inflated Poisson distribution for the quality assurance in pharmaceutical products and related materials. This plan is studied through the Gamma-Zero Inflated Poisson (G-ZIP) model to safeguard both the producer and consumer by minimizing the Average Sample Number. Necessary tables and figures are constructed for the selection of optimal plan parameters and suitable illustrations are provided that are applicable for pharmaceutical industries.

Garment sector is one of the industrial sectors in Ethiopia. In this sector the final products are always with defect(s) which reduces attraction from customers and economic benefit from the business. With this intention, quality enhancement of shirt products through defect(s) rejection reduction using SQC tools was a vital task of this research. The study applied Pareto Analysis and Cause-and-effect diagrams for detailed examination of top defects. From the Pareto-analysis six top defect types; cuff assembly seam slip out, sleeve hemming, button slip out, side seam puckering, button missed, and placket seam out have been identified. These defects contributed 81.68% of all defects happening in the case company. Then root-cause analyses for these top defect types have been done and solutions have been suggested to overcome causes to reduce rejected shirts. Finally, the suggested solutions have been practically implemented through the organized implementation team from different departments of the case company including the researcher. This has given remarkable results of almost 67.3%, 2222 shirts, of export rejected shirts have been saved. These saved shirts have been exported additionally to the international market in line with the defect free products of that month and increased the income of the case company by 444,400 ETB to 555,500 ETB per month.