In the context of Vietnam's socio-economy is gradually developing and actively participating in the industrial revolution 4.0, the State Bank of Vietnam (SBV) is making constant efforts to realize its mission and development orientation. Human resource development plays an increasingly important role at the State Bank, that always needs to be perfected and renovated. The effective and practical system of work performance evaluation, working motivation evaluation and remuneration will be the main basis for the State Bank's human resource development plan at present and in the coming years. This study aims to evaluate the factors affecting the SBV employee’s motivation; with data collected from 454 SBV’s employees around the Vietnam, the research applied the quantitative method, using the Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), regression model and the Structural Equation Model (SEM) to determine the factors affecting the SBV employee’s motivation. Research results show that there are 5 factors (job characteristics, working environment, Reward policy, compensation and benefit, development opportunities) with different impacts on SBV employee’s motivation. Based on the results, the study provides recommendations to enhance job performance results of SBV task special employees.