This study aims to understand and test the factors influencing the effectiveness of learning and teaching political economy among Vietnamese universities. Over 1500 students from different majors and different school years have taken part in this study. The data collected from questionnaires was analyzed by SPSS version 2016 and EVIEW 10. From this study, it can be said that learning motivations and teaching methods are the most important factors driving the success of teaching and learning the political economy. Furthermore, males seem to be more interested in studying this subject and getting a higher GPA compared to females. Students from higher school-year, by contrast, have lower levels of interest in studying this module, leading to the lower effectiveness in teaching and learning this module. Finally, while teaching methods and teaching quality are positively correlated with the dependent variable, the administration service and infrastructure negatively influence the teaching and learning objectives.