With the rapid development of electric vehicles, power battery recycling and utilization have attracted increasing attention. This study employs game theory to investigate power battery recycling subsidy strategies under two distinct recycling models (i.e., retailer-only recycling and joint recycling by the retailer and the third-party recycler), as well as the impact of recycling models on the subsidy strategies. The results reveal that when the required recycling subsidy level is high, the government chooses not to subsidize; when the required recycling subsidy level is low, the government provides subsidies, but subsidy strategies vary significantly under different recycling models. Specifically, when the manufacturer recovers power batteries only through the retailer recycling channel, subsidizing any supply chain member can maximize social welfare. By contrast, when the manufacturer adds a third-party recycling channel, the government should provide subsidies to the manufacturer or consumers to maximize social welfare. Furthermore, the retailer prefers government subsidies for itself in the retailer–third-party joint recycling model, but not in the retailer-only recycling model. In addition, this study examines the impacts of key parameters on the firms' profits and social welfare, and shows that as the government subsidy increases, the profits of supply chain firms rise, while social welfare first increases and then decreases. These findings can support decision-making by firms and help governments formulate relevant policies for closed-loop supply chains.

Focusing on a contract farming supply chain empowered by the low-altitude economy, this paper constructs a Stackelberg game model composed of an acquisition firm and a farmer. By incorporating key variables such as low-altitude investment costs, technology transformation efficiency, and consumer technology preference, we comparatively analyze the optimal decisions and social welfare under three scenarios: no government subsidy, government subsidy to the farmer, and government subsidy to the firm. The results indicate that: First, regardless of whether the government subsidy recipient is the farmer or the firm, the optimal output, low-altitude investment level, and profit distribution among supply chain members are identical in equilibrium; the policy difference lies solely in the timing and cost of fund execution. Second, a reduction in low-altitude investment costs or an improvement in technology transformation efficiency is not always beneficial to the farmer. An excessively high technology substitution rate grants the firm strong bargaining power, enabling the firm to capture technology dividends by suppressing the procurement price, thereby causing the farmer's profit to exhibit an inverted U-shaped trend of increasing first and then decreasing. Third, government subsidies are not always effective. When consumer preference for new technology agricultural products is high or technology costs are moderate, the market mechanism can already achieve optimal allocation; consequently, intervention at this stage would suppress total social welfare. The conclusions of this study provide a theoretical basis for the government to optimize agricultural subsidy strategies regarding the low-altitude economy and for the firm to formulate sustainable procurement mechanisms.

The growing prevalence of product idling weakens strategic consumers’ immediate purchase willingness, while the rise of peer to peer (P2P) secondary platforms creates value enhancement effects for consumers and cannibalization effects for manufacturers. Against this backdrop, this study constructs a two-period dynamic model that incorporates used product transactions to analyze a manufacturer’s pricing strategy for new product launches and to examine how the manufacturer performance, consumer surplus, and social welfare are affected by the probability of product idling and the P2P platform’s availability. The findings demonstrate that the manufacturer should adopt a skimming pricing strategy, with price levels modulated by the product idling probability. Although price reductions can be effective as idle probability rises, increasing later-period prices may also improve profitability. The prospect of idling further delays consumer purchases, redirecting subsequent demand toward used (new) products when idle probability is low (high). While rising idle rates typically lower manufacturer profit and social welfare, consumers may benefit under certain conditions. Furthermore, in a market with a P2P platform, the manufacturer balances the inhibitive effect of idling anticipation against the platform’s dual effects by adjusting prices according to idle probability: lowering (raising) both current and future prices if it is low (high), and raising current while lowering future prices if it is moderate. Although the platform consistently reduces manufacturer profit, it could enhance consumer surplus and social welfare. Finally, extending the analysis to scenarios with imperfect matching between used-product supply and demand further corroborates the robustness of these findings.

The growing prevalence of product idling weakens strategic consumers’ immediate purchase willingness, while the rise of peer to peer (P2P) secondary platforms creates value enhancement effects for consumers and cannibalization effects for manufacturers. Against this backdrop, this study constructs a two-period dynamic model that incorporates used product transactions to analyze a manufacturer’s pricing strategy for new product launches and to examine how the manufacturer performance, consumer surplus, and social welfare are affected by the probability of product idling and the P2P platform’s availability. The findings demonstrate that the manufacturer should adopt a skimming pricing strategy, with price levels modulated by the product idling probability. Although price reductions can be effective as idle probability rises, increasing later-period prices may also improve profitability. The prospect of idling further delays consumer purchases, redirecting subsequent demand toward used (new) products when idle probability is low (high). While rising idle rates typically lower manufacturer profit and social welfare, consumers may benefit under certain conditions. Furthermore, in a market with a P2P platform, the manufacturer balances the inhibitive effect of idling anticipation against the platform’s dual effects by adjusting prices according to idle probability: lowering (raising) both current and future prices if it is low (high), and raising current while lowering future prices if it is moderate. Although the platform consistently reduces manufacturer profit, it could enhance consumer surplus and social welfare. Finally, extending the analysis to scenarios with imperfect matching between used-product supply and demand further corroborates the robustness of these findings.

This paper explores the impact of retailers' corporate social responsibility (CSR) and manufacturers' overconfidence on manufacturers' carbon reduction in sustainable supply chains. We analyze the profits of manufacturers and retailers under different scenarios and explore the social welfare and environmental impacts under CSR. Our results suggest that retailers' CSR and manufacturers' overconfidence contribute positively to promoting carbon mitigation and reducing environmental impacts under certain conditions. However, with increasing CSR and manufacturer overconfidence levels, manufacturers are more likely to lead to worse environmental impacts and carbon emission reduction. In addition, we show that when the manufacturer's overconfidence level is high, manufacturers and retailers are more profitable and contribute to carbon emission reductions in the manufacturer without overconfidence (retailer without CSR) scenario. Moreover, we find that firms have the higher potential to capture optimal overall social welfare in the presence of retailers with CSR and manufacturer overconfidence.

Poverty is a complex and multidimensional social problem faced by almost all countries including Indonesia. Poverty alleviation efforts require accurate and up-to-date data to ensure that social welfare programs can effectively run and target appropriate beneficiaries. Bekasi Regency, as one of the regions that faces significant challenges in managing poverty, needs the right strategy in updating and utilizing poverty data to support social welfare programs. This study analyzes a policy framework for updating and utilizing the poverty data. The data were collected from focus group discussions with experts and stakeholders who were competent in updating and utilizing the poverty data. MULTIPOL method was used to analyze the data. The results of the study show that the best strategy for updating and utilizing poverty data in the scenario is to integrate scenarios with priority policy with digital budgeting policy, as well as priority actions providing incentives. This study makes an important contribution to regional development planning, especially poverty alleviation strategies based on accurate and integrative data.

In this paper, two policies are considered for supporting periodical publications by the government: direct subsidy payment to these publications and opening new facilities which could help with integration and reduce delivery costs. For this aim, a mixed-integer linear mathematical model is presented that minimizes total costs while considering social welfare. The robust programming approach developed by Bertsimas and Sim is used to cope with uncertain parameters. In order to validate the model and investigate its applicability and advantages, the magazines’ subscriptions in Tehran is selected as a case study. The output of the model demonstrates that when social welfare is not considered, the risk-averted supply chain will focus on low-cost areas of the chain, which are the central areas of Tehran. However, when minimum social welfare is assured, the supply chain pays attention to all areas. Also, the government should increase supply capacity by opening new facilities, and it should differentiate between areas when paying direct subsidies.

This study aims to investigate the influence of green supply chain management practices on community empowerment and poverty reduction in the region of Indonesia. Primary data collection technique like questionnaire was adopted and a sample of 305 respondents was finally collected. For the better understanding, a structural model was developed for the green supply chain factors and community empowerment. For analyzing the data, descriptive findings, confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modelling and finally regression analysis were applied. Through structural equation modelling, it is found that all three factors of green supply chain (eco design, environment friendly approaches, and green manufacturing and distribution) had positive and significant influence on community empowerment in Indonesia. In addition, findings under regression analysis show that for the poverty reduction factors green supply chain can also play significantly when integrated through all three factors. As per the implication, this research is a meaningful contribution in the field of green supply chain management practices, community development and poverty reduction.

Corporate social responsibilities (CSR) have gained the attention of regulators and recent studies due to their comprehensive influence on the firm performance. Thus, the present study examines the impact of CSR practices such as social welfare, human rights and physical environment on SMEs performance in Vietnam. This research also investigates the mediating role of organizational support among the links of social welfare, human rights, the physical environment and SMEs performance in Vietnam. This study has followed the primary data collection methods such as survey questionnaires to collect the data from respondents and also executed the smart-PLS for analysis. The results indicated the social welfare, human rights and physical environment have a positive association with SMEs performance in Vietnam. The results also exposed that organizational support positively mediates among the links of social welfare, human rights, the physical environment and SMEs performance in Vietnam. This study guided the regulators while developing the regulations related to CSR and firm performance.

Society welfare plays essential role on supporting poor and low income deciles governments normally pay subsidies on different goods to decrease the prices and as a result, increase purchasing power. However, due to lack of a good target, the relatively rich and high income deciles benefit more than the poor from subsidies do. Therefore, it seems necessary to design self-targeted safety-net programs and targeted subsidies. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the welfare consequences of self-targeted subsidies. In other words, this study tries to find out whether or not transferring one unit of subsidies paid on the subsidized goods mostly used by the rich to the nonsubsidized goods mostly used by the poor improves social welfare. For this purpose, using Atkinson social welfare function, we calculated the change in social welfare caused by self-targeted subsidies. The results show that self-targeted subsidies increase social welfare. The extent of this increase is negatively related to inequality aversion parameter, while positively related to the share of nonsubsidized goods in low income deciles budget.