Higher education institutions, like any business institution, should satisfy their clients (students) for them to survive in the higher education service business market. As a service business, higher education institutions also need to follow marketing principles in their attempt to attract potential students. We investigated the effect of marketing mix dimension on internal and external marketing in universities. The research used primary data from a questionnaire survey of 526 students in West Java Province, Indonesia, and then drew conclusions by a structural equation model (SEM) analysis. The research findings revealed that place, product, price and promotion have a positive effect on external marketing. Whereas physical evidence, people and processes have positive, significant effects on internal marketing. There was also positive, significant correlation between external marketing and internal marketing. The research findings were hopefully beneficial for higher education management, to be made as guidance in implementing their marketing strategy. Higher education leaders may apply the external marketing policy to attract potential student interest and the internal marketing policy to improve the quality of their service and internal marketing. The study delivered a broader picture of the application of marketing mix model on universities. In addition, the discussion presented the implication of the offered theory and practice, the research limitation, and the direction of future researchers.

The main objective of this study was to determine the main policies and procedures related to internal marketing applied at Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University and the degree of employees' satisfaction. The researcher relied on the descriptive analytical method in conducting this study. The study reached several conclusions. Most notably; most of the internal marketing policies and procedures applied at Prince Sattam bin Abdul Aziz University are conducted moderately. The results of the study also showed a statistically significant relationship between the level of the application of marketing policies and procedures at Prince Sattam bin Abdul Aziz University and the level of employees' satisfaction with the application of these policies and procedures. The study concluded to provide a set of recommendations necessary to activate the application of internal marketing policies and procedures at Prince Sattam bin Abdul Aziz University to achieve its employees' satisfaction.

The objective of this study was to determine the impact of internal marketing on the organizational commitment of employees in the retail sector. The method used was a quantitative correlational approach, at an explanatory level with a non-experimental design. The study sample consisted of 392 workers belonging to the retail sector. The results generated by structural equations show that specific relationships have p < 0.05, i.e. all the proposed hypotheses are accepted in the proposed correlation between internal marketing and the three types of organizational commitment, among them the affective commitment, which generates emotional ties between the employee and the organization, feeling proud to remain in the same linking the values and objectives of the same as their own goals, the commitment of permanence, which implies the risks involved in separating from the organization as well as the loss of all the benefits obtained and how these would be difficult to obtain if the employee were to leave the organization. Finally, the normative commitment, which arises when the employee perceives some kind of opportunity or special benefit in the organization, thus generating a bond of moral reciprocity, i.e. a bond of loyalty. The conclusion of the study is that the use of internal marketing for personnel selection is a fundamental tool for achieving acceptable levels of the three types of commitment mentioned above. This ensures the efficiency of the company both internally and externally, with long-term results.