The goal of the present research is to identify appropriate methods for developing a study among students who attend educational department for different universities located in city of Tehran, Iran. We study different factors influencing students on development of methods for their studies. The primary method of research is questionnaire and its reliability identified by use of Cronbach & apos; s alpha, calculated as 0.905 and its validity defined by content method. To analyze information we use deductive statistical, t-student and ANOVA tests using SPSS 19 software. Results show that management and education of school based on development of methods for study and research is not function of gender, the education of level, and their field of study and it only follows their place of service. The results also indicate that student & apos; s conditions of study about their course are proper while their condition about the pleasure study and research is not favorable.

These days, there are several reports indicating on reduction on renewable resources. On the other hand, there is an increase on the population, which increases production of garbage in the world. With limitation on governmental budget, there is growing concern on having efficient strategic planning for waste management. The proposed study of this paper performs a SWOT analysis to find all strength, weakness, opportunities as well as possible threats associated with waste management organization located in city of Shiraz, located in south west of Iran. Based on the results, appropriated locating strategies for burying garbage, training and increasing awareness regarding production and collection, attracting foreign investment in the field of recycling garbage, reconsidering environmental rules and burying garbage and its separation standards are the most important strategies.

Performance measurement plays an essential role on accelerating the efficiency of any organization. There are literally different methods for measuring the relative performance of a particular unit and many of them are involved considering various criteria. In this paper, we propose 360° feedback system for performance measurement of all employees who work for municipality of the city of Tabas located in east part of Iran. The proposed model of this paper also uses hierarchical method to cluster different attributes based on various characteristics and implements analytical hierarchy process to find the relative importance of all items. The survey uses five personal characteristics including cognitive, technical, personal and human skills and for each major item, the proposed model considers various sub-criteria. The results indicate that technical and cognitive skills are the most important personal characteristics followed by human and personal characteristics. The results of this survey show that responsibility and quality of work are the most important employee characteristics.

Today, there is no doubt that parents can significantly improve educational level by their cooperation in schools. Parents are capable of executing different value-added activities and share their knowledge and experiences with school officials. In this survey, we performed an empirical survey in three provinces of Iran from economically rich to poor. We have chosen 450 committees out of 150 schools. In each province, we have selected 50 schools in different levels from elementary to high school. In our survey, there were 311 people who non-committee, 187 were principals, 738 were members of different committees, 28 were responsible and 25 were from other specialist people. In summary, there were about 1289 participants in this survey. The results of our survey indicate that parents can substantially contribute to schools to increase their capabilities through sharing their knowledge and expertise. However, according to experts, school officials do not strongly believe that the presence of parents can solve any problem and they mostly disagree to share their duties with parents.

This research examines contextual, structural and organizational factors, which can facilitate or slow down adoption of innovation in Electronic Banking in the financial Institutions. Three-dimensional model co-structure, co-behavioral, contextual (3C) is used in this research. This schema is a logical model in the categories of models and many of concepts, events and organizational phenomena can be examined. Structural factors including type of the organization of institution, work distribution, preparing mobilization of resources and equipment and risk of decision-making sophistication influence on adoption of Electronic Banking. There are four contextual factors, which contribute in adoption of Electronic Banking including goals, strategies, culture and common norms. The five Behavioral Factors, which affect on electronic banking are connections and relations, skills and personal characters of employees, education, job satisfaction and banking work process. By studying the mentioned factors, we have realized that contextual factors plays important role on adoption of electronic Banking by employee and the behavioral and structural factors have minor impacts. The mentioned proposals are methods, which facilitate the adoption of electronic banking in the country.

Nowadays credit scoring is an important issue for financial and monetary organizations that has substantial impact on reduction of customer attraction risks. Identification of high risk customer can reduce finished cost. An accurate classification of customer and low type 1 and type 2 errors have been investigated in many studies. The primary objective of this paper is to develop a new method, which chooses the best neural network architecture based on one column hidden layer MLP, multiple columns hidden layers MLP, RBFN and decision trees and ensembling them with voting methods. The proposed method of this paper is run on an Australian credit data and a private bank in Iran called Export Development Bank of Iran and the results are used for making solution in low customer attraction risks.

Banking system plays an important role in boosting the economy and when they become profitable, they could help industries more efficiently. The proposed study of this paper attempts to investigate the effects of operating risk and capital structure on profitability of banking industry. The proposed study of this paper includes 17 commercial banks, which were active from 2006 to 2010 in Iran and the results of the study indicate that although there was a positive relationship between capital structure and profitability but there was no meaningful relationship between operating risk and capital structure. In addition, the results of our study mention that operating risks negatively impacts profitability and economic figures do not have any influence on profitability, operating risks and capital structure.

Many organizations may reduce on the number of their employees in an attempt to reduce their operating cost and increase efficiency of their units. The workers who normally leave the firms are not believed to be productive for other organizations. On the other hands, there are some side effects on the remaining workers since they may feel they are losing their job securities. As a result, they may have mistrust towards their managers and start working less to pretend that downsizing yields negative consequences. In this paper, we survey on some information technology based organizations where such downsizing incidents have already occurred and analyze whether downsizing could reach its mission, properly or not. The results of this survey indicate that although downsizing can reduce the operating cost, it has some negative impacts on workers as well.

With the change of education policy in 1991, more and more technical institutions are being set up in India. Some of these institutions provide quality education, but others are merely concentrating on quantity. These stakeholders are in a state of confusion about decision to select the best institute for their higher educational studies. Although various agencies including print media provide ranking of these institutions every year, but their results are controversial and biased. In this paper, the authors have made an endeavor to find the critical factors for technical institution evaluation from literature survey. A Pareto analysis has also been performed to find the intensity of these critical factors in evaluation. This will not only help the stake holders in taking right decisions but will also help the management of institutions in benchmarking for identifying the most important critical areas to improve the existing system. This will in turn help Indian economy.

Pipelines systems are identified to be the safest way of transporting oil and natural gas. One of the most important aspects in developing pipeline systems is determining the potential risks that implementers may encounter. Therefore, risk analysis can determine critical risk items to allocate the limited resources and time. Risk Analysis and Management for Critical Asset Protection (RAMCAP) is one of the best methodologies for assessing the security risks. However, the most challenging problem in this method is uncertainty. Therefore, fuzzy set theory is used to model the uncertainty. Thus, Fuzzy RAMCAP is introduced in order to risk analysis and management for pipeline systems. Finally, a notional example from pipeline systems is provided to demonstrate an application of the proposed methodology.