The paper investigates residents’ perception of peri-urban agriculture and analyzed factors affecting their perception of agricultural roles in a suburb area of Hanoi city. The research results indicate that although on-farm income has been decreased in comparison with off-farm ones, most of respondents still see agriculture is important because of its income contribution, job provision, food security and food safety, land property right and communal relationship maintenance. Household’s livelihood strategy is the most vital factor affecting residents’ perception of agricultural income contribution and employment creation, whereas educational level influences their perception of agricultural roles in food security and food safety most. Further, respondents’ age strongly affects their idea of maintaining communal relationship through peri-urban agricultural production.