The study identified factors affecting the behavior of literature learning of secondary high school students in Vietnam. To achieve this goal, in this study we surveyed 300 students currently studying at two secondary schools in Son La province and Hanoi city of Vietnam. The analysis of multivariate linear regression models showed that 5 out of 12 factors had a strong influence on literature learning behavior of secondary high school students, including (i) Gender, (ii) Learning motivation, (iii) Student living place, (iv) Academic performance, (v) Teacher's teaching method. On this basis, the study proposes several positive solutions to improve the efficiency of the literature learning of secondary high school students in the future.