The purpose of this study is to identify factors affecting the performance of the small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Vietnam. The research team uses a sample size of 456 SMEs. The information is collected by the authors based on the survey results and the financial statements of SMEs listed on Vietnam stock market. Descriptive statistical methods and multivariate linear regression analysis are also used in the study. The data processed through SPSS 20.0 software and the research results show that factors of access to government support policies, education level of enterprises owner, enterprises scale, society relationships of enterprises and revenue growth rate affect the business performance of SMEs in Vietnam. In addition, the study uses a multi-variate linear regression model based on the least squares method to estimate the factors affecting the performance of SMEs in Vietnam. The research results also show that the performance of the enterprises is influenced by different factors: scale, growth rate, profitability, and industry cohesion of enterprises. On that basis, the article proposes some solutions to improve the performance of SMEs in Vietnam in the current period.