The aim of this paper is to explore the potential correlation among operational risk and the profitability of Islamic banks in the MENA region. Different measures for profitability were relied upon in previous studies, however, in this article depend on return on assets and return on equity to measure profitability, and efficiency ratio calculated by operating expenses to total assets to measure operational risk. To achieve this objective, the sample comprises 20 Islamic banks from 12 MENA countries, creating panel data for a period of ten years from 2011 to 2020. The analysis was conducted using fixed effect models. The study will analyze and interpret the findings from two financial performance measures, namely, ROA and ROE to get insights into the banks' overall financial situation and their ability to generate profits from their assets and equity. Using one type of operational risk measured by (efficiency ratio) as an independent variable, along with profitability measures by (ROA and ROE) as dependent variables. These measures had a significant negative impact by the operational risk measured by (efficiency ratio). This means when the operational risk increases, this indicates that the management is not controlling the operations of the bank in the best way and inability or failure of the bank's management to effectively utilize the available resources and assets to generate satisfactory profits. This leads to an increase in the operating expenses and hence a decrease in profitability measures.

The effectiveness of the E-CRM system was examined in this study, involving those with online shopping experience, specifically the regular customers of Carrefour in Jordan. Data were obtained through 550 distributed sets of questionnaires. Four trained and certified research assistants assisted the data gathering process. Data from 320 returned questionnaires were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). System quality, access to information, security, training and customer satisfaction were the examined factors towards the effectiveness of E-CRM systems. Results show positive impact of security, system quality, training, and access to information on user satisfaction, and user satisfaction affected the effectiveness of E-CRM. Nonetheless, the relationship between training and effectiveness of E-CRM on online shopping was not mediated by user satisfaction.