This paper examines the production efficiency and its determinants of 3301 rice farms in Vietnam. Our empirical results from data envelopment analysis (DEA) technique show that rice farms perform on average level of efficiency. There are differences in production of each farm related to some demographic factors and educational level. Results from Tobit model indicate that education played an important role in helping farmer improve their efficiency. In addition, policies on increasing the cultivation area may also promote the farm efficiency.