Growing environmental concerns and social responsibility push organizations into seriously considering their strategies in business operations. The implementation of green supply chain management (GSCM) is a vital strategy which enables organizations to focus on minimizing environmental issues, improving economic benefits and expanding social outcomes. The aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between GSCM practices and sustainable performance in Vietnamese construction materials manufacturing enterprises. Based on the data collected from a sample of 218 construction materials manufacturers in Vietnam, the study examines the impact of GSCM elements on firm performance including economic, environmental and social using structural equation modeling. The study finds that green design and green manufacturing had positive and significant effects on three categories of outcomes, whereas green procurement impact on economic and social performance but had no influence on environmental performance. The results also empirically prove that there was a positive relationship between green distribution and environmental performance which is not supported for economic and social perspective. The study also contributes significantly to an on-going research associated with GSCM practices on sustainable performance in developing countries such as Vietnam where very few studies of GSCM have been revealed.