The automotive industry faces significant challenges stemming from market instability and supply chain complexities. This study examines how proactive risk management, collaboration with OEMs, and the adoption of digital tools influence supply chain performance in the Moroccan automotive sector. Survey data from 135 industry experts were analyzed using a structural equation modeling approach to test three hypotheses. The results show that proactive risk management significantly enhances service levels, while collaboration with OEMs strengthens risk management practices. Additionally, digital tools facilitate collaboration, albeit with a moderate overall effect. This research offers actionable insights for addressing uncertainties in automotive supply chains.

This paper is interested in pharmaceuticals distribution which is one of the most important activities and ensures the availability of drug products to a set of customers (pharmacies). The study introduces the Disrupted Vehicle Routing problem with Soft Time Windows since pharmaceutical distributors should respond to increased demands for products to ensure timely and efficient delivery to dynamic demands. We also propose an improved multiobjective local search (IMOLS), which uses methods of neighborhood search such as large neighborhood search (LNS) and variable neighborhood search (VNS) based on a hybrid approach in the optimization of vehicle routes. The algorithm is expected to achieve competitive results compared with previously published studies.