Abstract: This paper presents an experimental study to investigate some of the thermal and strength behaviors of a new mortar material which was prepared by adding some of the residues of agricultural Iraqi biomass materials such as wood sawdust, reed, corn cobs, and their blending. These biomass materials are available in plenty of amounts in Iraq / Karbala City. These materials are blended with sand and cement, which are raw materials for mortar preparation, in different percentages to produce new types of mortar. The major focal area of interest is to identify the likelihood of applying these products as external wall insulating material to minimize heat transfer from outside to a building. Thermal conductivity, water absorption and skeletal density, and compressive strength at 7 and 28 days of the new mortars was also determined in the work. Comparing the performances obtained it was found that the new mortar containing wood sawdust had the highest compressive strength values While the best improvement in heat insulation was recorded in the mortar containing corn cobs compared to the other types. The results presented here prove that this mortar can be recommended for building purposes, specifically for exterior wall cladding. It provides good thermal resistance and improves the fortification of building walls; it also affords an added benefit of being cheaper and therefore fashionable for construction related uses.

DOI: 10.5267/j.esm.2025.3.002
Keywords: Biomass residues materials, Building envelop insulators, Compressive strength, New insulated mortar materials, Thermal conductivity

	© 2010 by the authors; licensee Growing Science, Canada. This is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the license. Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY)

Abstract: In order to monitor the surface condition of the conveyor belt in the process of running, a method of beam structure light irradiation based on machine vision is adopted. A spring-type mechanical vibration damping device is designed to improve the focusing quality of the camera, and an algorithm is proposed to solve the selection of spring parameters under different flutter amplitudes. Yolov7 deep learning algorithm was adopted and ACmix attention mechanism was introduced to identify the surface cracks of conveyor belt. The experimental results show that the improved YOLOV7-ACmix algorithm can effectively improve the accuracy and generalization ability of image recognition.

DOI: 10.5267/j.esm.2025.3.002
Keywords: Conveyor belt, Machine vision, Crack detection, Vibration damping device, Spring, YOLOv7

	© 2010 by the authors; licensee Growing Science, Canada. This is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the license. Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY)

Abstract: The need for a lack of three-phase energy for the operation of an electric winch that is used to empty infrastructure constructions such as (houses, buildings, among others). The scientific article aims to replace the electric generator used in an electric winch for infrastructure construction, implementing the design of an electrical system through the use of a frequency inverter, this new alternative will reduce costs when using the electric winch. Analytical methods were used and it was checked in the Autodesk Inventor program, obtaining optimal results in the solution, the established methodology is technological-explorative, since the problem was identified, and the possible solutions had to be investigated, when establishing the new solution, it began to be designed and manufactured. Once completed, it was incorporated and assembled into the electric winch, where the respective tests were carried out, being effective at 95%, since the power of the network is unstable where there are ranges where the current is raised and lowered, being an inconvenience for the machine to work at 100%, but it is being used for different activities and needs in construction. The results obtained by adding up all the costs that concern each system of the electric winch for construction: the use of the electrical system is S/ 392.98, the use of the electric generator is S/ 831.60 per day and manually it is S/ 580.00 per day. In summary, by using a frequency inverter in the solution, it allows us to prolong the useful life of the motor, preventing deterioration and unnecessary stoppages that cause downtime, it helps us to reduce energy consumption with a more efficient use, matching the demand of the application, avoiding current peaks and voltage drops, above all, it allows us to regulate the frequency according to the need, configure the acceleration and deceleration to avoid stops and sudden starts of the engine.

DOI: 10.5267/j.esm.2025.2.002
Keywords: Electrical System, Variable frequency, Generator, Electrical winch

	© 2010 by the authors; licensee Growing Science, Canada. This is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the license. Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY)

Abstract: The current work presents a finite element analysis (FEA) based investigation of the structural steel pipe with internal corrosion defects. A total of 27 different geometrical conditions for internal corrosion defect were considered using 3 different internal pressures of 2.2 MPa, 4.5 MPa, and 6 MPa. The validation of the FEA model was carried out using the analytical solution for failure pressure using radial and hoop stresses. The failure pressure of the uncorroded pipe was 11.5 MPa. In contrast, for pipe with internal corrosion defect having the largest defect depth (1.7 mm), largest length (454 mm), and sharpest geometry (width of 26 mm), the failure pressure from FEA was 6 MPa. The remaining strength at this boundary condition was 0.521. The radial stress influences the strain in wall thickness which was 8.8 mm and much less as compared to other dimensions of pipeline which diminishes the material's ability to resist the failure pressure. The Von-Mises stress accumulation inside the interface increases the stress intensity (K) distribution at the vicinity of the internal corrosion defect geometry vis-à-vis lowers the K-distribution just outside of the internal corrosion defect. The largest factor of safety (FOS) of 2.11 was obtained at threshold boundary conditions considering fatigue limit as the optimum stress. It is then suggested that the FOS for the "break-before-leak" leak model can be anywhere between 2.11 to 1.45 and hence the pipeline cannot burst into rapture.

DOI: 10.5267/j.esm.2025.2.001
Keywords: Structural steel pipe, Von-Mises stress, Finite element analysis, Stress intensity, Failure pressure

	© 2010 by the authors; licensee Growing Science, Canada. This is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the license. Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY)

Abstract: Offshore moorings play a key role in the stability of maritime structures such as floating oil production platforms. This study focuses on polyamide as a promising alternative for offshore moorings due to its mechanical characteristics and degradation resistance. Initially, characterization tests are carried out to determine the polyamide’s linear density, the rupture strength, and the linear tenacity. Following, impact tests are carried out on polyamide samples, using a methodology based on a free fall mass effect. The analysis of the results includes statistical data filtering and the parameterization of curves to correlate the number of impact cycles to the applied load. Furthermore, the effect of the accelerated hydrolysis on polyamide is investigated, subjecting the samples to an aging process in fresh water for 180 days at 65°C. The results are analyzed to evaluate the effect of the hydrolysis on the resistance to impact cycles. It was concluded that, in general, polyamide shows a promising ability for energy absorption and impact resistance, with the potential for its use in offshore moorings. However, it is necessary to consider the hydrolysis effect on the degradation of its mechanical properties over time. This study contributes to the advancement of knowledge about the performance of polyamide in marine environments, providing important insights for the design and maintenance of offshore mooring systems, and also contemplating an exploratory study for its material's behavior.

DOI: 10.5267/j.esm.2025.1.006
Keywords: Experimental Characterization, Dynamic Loads, Polyamide Fibers, Hydrolysis Depolymerization, Sudden Loads, Mechanical Behavior

	© 2010 by the authors; licensee Growing Science, Canada. This is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the license. Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY)