This research was conducted to test the model of strategic human resource management as a competitive advantage in the construction industry specially to identify factors related to achieving competitive advantage in this industry. The empirical data were drawn from 174 construction companies in Indonesia using questionnaire method. Structural Equation Modeling techniques was used to analyze the conceptualized relationship model. The empirical results reveal that competitive advantage in the construction industry in Indonesia could be achieved through human resource management practices to build and improve a safety culture which would increase employee productivity. Companies must integrate human resource management practices with safety culture as a priority strategy of the company since based on empirical result, safety culture can be a source of competitive advantage for construction companies in Indonesia. Future studies can use these strategic human resource management models in different industry sectors by adding a number of samples so that the results could be generalized.

The purpose of this study is to develop a fuzzy Analytic Network Process (ANP) model that has the ability to evaluate employee performance in different strategies. A team of experts in the field of strategic human resource management and senior management of an organization engaged in steel production were involved in the study. The data collection tool was a questionnaire that was designed based on the criteria of organization's performance appraisal system. The results showed that in cost leadership strategy, compliance of work hierarchy, quantity of work and the ability to make important decisions constituted the highest coefficients, while in the focus strategy, participate in group work, power of supervision and administration and decision making ability had the highest importance. In differentiation strategy, innovation and creativity, quality and offering constructive suggestions received higher ratings than other criteria. Finally, the developed model was used to evaluate the performance of a sample employee.