This study explores how spiritual leadership through its effects on individuals’ spiritual well-being enhances employee engagement and augments employees’ organizational commitment. The research conducted a general survey of 207 millennial employees in China, which was tested using partial least squares (PLS) structural equation modeling. The results suggest that employee engagement was significantly influenced by spiritual leadership. In addition, the results demonstrate that organizational commitment was influenced by the sequential intervening effects of employee well-being and work engagement. Both the explained variance (R2) and the effect size of exogenous variables on endogenous variables (ƒ2) showed moderate-to-high effects, supporting the predictive ability of this PLS spiritual leadership model. This study suggests that young workers’ engagement and commitment to their work and organizations are roused when the organization and its leaders satisfy workers’ higher-order humanistic needs. This is accomplished when employees’ socio-psychological resources, such as spiritual well-being, are enhanced through spiritual leadership, which can be augmented by organizational climates that embrace young workers’ “whole” selves. This study expands our understanding of the role that spiritual leadership plays in not only motivating organizational commitment but, more importantly, in engaging employees in their work roles.

The study sought to determine how bank financial performance (BFP) was affected by credit risk (CR), liquidity risks (LR), operational risks (OR), financing risks (FR), market risks (MR), in the presence of risk management (RM) as a moderator in conventional and Islamic banks in the Middle East and North Africa. To this end, stratified random sampling and systematic sampling methods were used, with a sample size of thirty conventional banks and thirty Islamic banks from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the Arab Republic of Egypt acting as the unit of analysis. 344 participants that were targeted had completed questionnaires that could be analyzed. The database of the target banks was used to quickly and affordably choose samples. Structural equation modeling was done in conjunction with a tool named Smart PLS 4 (SEM). A 92% reliability coefficient was used to evaluate the instrument's dependability. By assessing study variables using commonly used terminology and consulting with subject matter experts on the research issue, the content validity of the findings was confirmed. PLS 4 was one of the clever analytical approaches used to characterize the study's findings. The following describes the relationship between risk management practices and BFP when utilizing a modified variable (RM): "The study showed that CR does not positively affect BFP in conventional banks when employing a modified RM variable. The study demonstrated that the risk ratio had no positive influence on BFP in Islamic banks using a modified RM variable. It has been established by study that LR has no positive impact on BFP. The study also demonstrated that the LR has no positive effects when the variable RM rate is used in conventional banks. The study's findings demonstrated that the OR does not change when the variable RM rate is used. It is advantageous for BFP in traditional banks. The study discovered that there is a negative correlation between OR and BFP in Islamic banks and that OR has no beneficial effect on BFP when the RM rate variable is included. The study's findings demonstrated a favorable correlation between OR and BFP. The research indicates that in typical banks, FR does not positively increase BFP when employing the adjusted RM variable. The study discovered that there is no correlation between FR and BFP in Islamic banks when the modified RM variable is used. Rather than suggesting a good association between FR and BFP, the results pointed to a negative investigation.

This research examines how social media marketing affects brand image, brand trust, and purchase intention in the context of beauty centers in Jordan. The study presents a model that outlines the influence of social media marketing strategies on customer behavior. To support the proposed model, a quantitative method was employed to collect data through online surveys. The sample consisted of 374 respondents selected through non-probability convenience sampling techniques. The data was analyzed using PLS-SEM methodologies by Smart PLS, which is appropriate for exploratory research. The findings indicate that social media marketing has a noteworthy effect on brand image and brand trust. In addition, the study found that brand trust and brand image have a substantial influence on purchase intention. The relationship between brand image and brand trust accounts for 70% of the variance in purchase intention. Furthermore, social media marketing explains 45% of the variance in brand image, while it explains 55% of the variance in brand trust.