The Internet of Things (IoT) is an innovative technology that has the potential to help public hospitals better meet the demands of hospitalization. However, only a small portion of the research looked at patients' behavioural intentions (BI) to utilise IoT healthcare devices (IoTHD). This study intends to investigate the variables that influence the BI's use of IoTHD. The research suggests that the BI may be explained by factors of UTATU. The patients of public hospitals make up the population. A questionnaire was used to obtain the data using convenience sampling. Participants in this research totalled 161. Smart Partial Least Square results demonstrated that social influence (SI) has an impact on performance expectancy (PE). Technological complexity (TC) and playfulness (PP) had an impact on effort expectancy (EE). Additionally, the BI to adopt IoTHD was impacted by PE, EE, perceived security (PS), and perceived privacy (PV). The impact of PE and EE on BI to use IoTHD was not moderated by the facilitating conditions (FC). In order to improve patients' perceptions of IoTHD usage in public health organisations, simple process and more positive word of mouth is required.

During the past few years, digital libraries have been the primary source of retrieving necessary information. IT helps many scholars have the access to recently published value added researches around the world. However, information security and copyright concerns are among the most important issues and there must be good rules and regulation to protect authors against any sort of copyright violation. In this paper, we present an empirical investigation to find out about the status of copyright issues in one of Iranian libraries. The proposed study of this paper designs a questionnaire in Likert scale and distributes it among 96 librarian experts. Cronbach alpha is equal to 0.76, which is well above the minimum acceptable level. The results of our investigation indicate that although expert believe the status of copyright is in desirable level when the level of significance is five percent, there are some concerns on some issues. In other words, experts believed that all copyrights are not well protected and digital libraries do not follow governmental rules and regulation on fully protecting authors’ rights. In addition, experts believed that the security of sources available on digital libraries is not well protected.

Business trades among individuals, companies, firms, enterprises, and governments are rapidly expelled from their traditional mode, which were mainly based on paper-based exchange, and are geared towards trading through information-based systems. E-commerce has opened up a new field in terms of speed, efficiency, cost savings, and the exploitation of fleeting opportunities. This paper evaluates different authentication methods for online banking in Parsian Bank, which is one of the biggest private banks in Iran. The study designs a questionnaire and distributes it among some experts to find cause and effect factors based on a multi-criteria decision making technique named Decision Making Trial And Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL). The study evaluates 12 criteria and divides them into two groups of cause and effect. “Use of mobile systems in authenti-cation methods”, “Authentication with fingerprint and smart card”, “Authentication with bank card and password”, and “Authentication with digital signatures and passwords” are considered as the causative group, while “Authentication with a bank card”, “Biometric authentication and disposable codes” and “Authentication with digital signature” are among the effective group.

In mobile ad hoc network (MANET), secure communication is more challenging task due to its fundamental characteristics like having less infrastructure, wireless link, distributed cooperation, dynamic topology, lack of association, resource constrained and physical vulnerability of node. In MANET, attacks can be broadly classified in two categories: routing attacks and data forwarding attacks. Any action not following rules of routing protocols belongs to routing attacks. The main objective of routing attacks is to disrupt normal functioning of network by advertising false routing updates. On the other hand, data forwarding attacks include actions such as modification or dropping data packet, which does not disrupt routing protocol. In this paper, we address the “Packet Drop Attack”, which is a serious threat to operational mobile ad hoc networks. The consequence of not forwarding other packets or dropping other packets prevents any kind of communication to be established in the network. Therefore, there is a need to address the packet dropping event takes higher priority for the mobile ad hoc networks to emerge and to operate, successfully. In this paper, we propose a method to secure ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) routing protocol. The proposed method provides security for routing packets where the malicious node acts as a black-hole and drops packets. In this method, the collaboration of a group of nodes is used to make accurate decisions. Validating received RREPs allows the source to select trusted path to its destination. The simulation results show that the proposed mechanism is able to detect any number of attackers.