Welding is widely used in all industries, and its demand is drastically increasing. Today, all sectors of engineering need quality welders to meet their standards. Welders need years of experience and knowledge to meet those standards. They require lots of training, equipment, tools, and safety standards to master the welding skill. The cost of training is very expensive as they will be practicing every day with different materials. The purpose of this project is to train them in a new merged-up environment of the virtual and real world. As a result, this method would reduce training costs and enhance the safety of the users. This method is a medium that helps users to have a better understanding of welding operations and gives them the confidence to perform proficiently in reality along with the elimination of risk, liability, and injury.

Underground gas pipelines are one of the vital parts of each country which surface blasts can break down such pipelines, making destructive explosions and threatening the safety of neighborhood structures and people. In this paper, to enhance the safety of these lines, response of a buried 56-inch diameter high pressure natural gas pipeline to a surface blast was numerically investigated. Besides, the effects of: i) explosive mass, ii) pipeline thickness, iii) burial depth and iv) concrete protective layer on pipeline deformation were parametrically studied. To simulate the problem according to actual explosion events, geometries were modeled in real scales, pipeline properties were predicted with Johnson-Cook strength and failure model and soil strength was determined by Drucker-Prager model. Also, explosive charge and natural gas were modeled with JWL (Jones-Wilkins-Lee) and ideal gas equation of states. For validation of the numerical method, three bench mark experiments were reproduced. Comparison of the numerical results and the experimental data confirmed the accuracy of the numerical method. Results of parametric studies indicated that by increasing the burial depth from 1.4 to 2.2 m, deformation of the pipeline was reduced about 71%. By analyzing the deformation plots, it was found that in a constant explosive mass, burial depth has a greater effect than pipeline thickness on pipeline deformation reduction. It was also shown that using a concrete protective layer may act reversely and increase pipeline destruction. In other words, to enhance the safety of pipelines, a certain thickness of concrete must be used.

We consider a capacitated facility location problem (CFLP) which contains a production facility and distribution centers (DCs) supplying retailers' demand. The primary purpose is to locate distribution centres in the network and the objective is the minimization of the sum of fixed facility location, pipeline inventory, safety stock and lost sales. We use Greedy randomized adaptive search procedures (GRASP) to solve the model. The preliminary results indicate that the proposed method of this paper could provide competitive results in reasonable amount time.