This paper evaluates the efficiency of five Indian pharmaceutical Industries using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach. The paper uses Net Block, Cash and Bank Balance, Share Capital, Reserve and Surplus, Secure Loan and Unsecured Loan as input variables and Investments and ‘Loans and Advances’ as output variables. In this study, the Basic Radial Models input oriented with Constant Returns to scale (CRS) are used to estimate the efficiency of pharmaceutical Industries. The DEA tool assists the administrators to identify the inefficient measures and take necessary actions for improvement. The results are indicative of the scenario that changed patent laws in India are not detrimental to the financial and overall health of Indian pharmaceutical companies in general. The Indian pharmaceutical companies have suitably modified their business model to cope up with the changed legal environment. It is a positive sign for all Indian pharmaceutical companies that they are dynamic in management and operational policies to face any new situation and shall flourish more in the coming days.

The government of India has increased its focus on investment in infrastructure, allocating US$ 130.57 billion in 2022-23 for the sector. Effective project management is crucial for success. However, despite a huge body of knowledge on project success, project delays persist, with 33% of projects delayed by an average of 47 months as of August 2021. This study aims to identify Critical Success Factors for contemporary construction projects in India, offering guidance for project stakeholders. Forty-five attributes of project success were collated from literature and expert discussions and a questionnaire survey was conducted to solicit the views of experts on the critical impact of these attributes on overall project success. The research posits that these attributes have underlying constructs that cause them. Factor analysis was employed to extract the underlying constructs. Six critical success factors (CSF) were extracted. To comprehend the relative importance of the factors, RII was employed on summated factor scores that were then ranked in order of their importance. ANOVA showed consistent assessments of the CSFs across professional roles and geographies. The findings are expected to aid project professionals in prioritizing key factors for optimal project management and successful outcomes.

The paper aims to pinpoint and assess the perceived advantages and disadvantages of the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) for road development in India. Main PPP project contributors in Indian PPP road projects were polled via questionnaire. A literature review was used to select fifteen favourable characteristics and thirteen unfavourable factors for the questionnaire. Descriptive statistical analysis is used to analyze the data that was collected. The elimination of government financial restraints, project cost and time management, the reduction of government funds committed to capital investment, improved maintainability and accelerated project development are the key positive characteristics that draw PPP in Indian road projects. Excessive participation restrictions, protracted negotiating delays, ambiguity surrounding government objectives and evaluation standards, a lack of employment possibilities, and a lack of experience and the necessary skills make PPP undesirable. Both the public and private sectors can benefit from PPP in various ways. All sectors must make decisions based on proper assessment criteria during the project development stage. The decision-makers of PPP projects benefit early on from thoroughly understanding both positive and negative elements.

The operational and financial performance of the business organization is to be measured by its revenue, profit-earning capacity, and financial soundness to pay its debts. The profit of a business organization depends on the level of activities or revenue while the earning capacity defines and accelerates the absolute profit. Also, the financial soundness facilitates the resources and working capital to run the business activities to earn the profit. The operational efficiency enhances the profit margin while financial soundness increases the absolute profit by lifting the production level. The financial resources, operational efficiency, and revenue govern the profit of a business organization. The Indian automobile industry is the most prominent and contributing sector in the Indian economy. The study considers the relationship of revenue and profitability, financial resources to determine the relationship and mutual governance of revenue and profitability and revenue and financial resources. Financial ratios and statistical tools i.e. gross profitability and mean, coefficient of variation, rank correlation, and fixed base index applied to analyze the data of leading Indian automobile companies for the period 2011 to 2020. The study finds that the profitability and growth of the smaller leading Indian automobile companies are better than the higher revenue companies. Total resources or capital employed governs the revenue of the Indian automobile companies. The study recommends the study of cost composition of products of lower revenue leading Indian automobile companies.

The Indian automobile sector is the biggest market and emerging by displacing some advanced countries. The Indian automobile sector contributes positively and progressively to the growth and development of the Indian economy. The study is based on secondary data and considers the financial statements available on concerned websites. Ratio analysis, ANOVA (Analysis of Variance), CV (Coefficient of Variation), and rank correlation applied to analyze the data extracted from the financial statements of leading Indian automobile companies. The study reveals that there is a significant difference in the profitability of the Leading Indian automobile companies for the period 2011 to 2020. There is a moderate positive relational relationship between PBDIT(Profit Before Depreciation, Interest, and Tax) ratio and PBIT(Profit Before Interest and Tax) ratio and their variability while PBT ( Profit Before Tax) ratio and PAT ( Profit After Tax) ratio and their variability positively and highly correlated. This reveals that manufacturing expenses and depreciation do not affect profitability while profitability governs the interest and taxes of the leading Indian automobile companies. The study suggests a possible reduction in all direct and indirect costs, optimum cost of capital, or low cost of capital structure can be considered to avoid excessive burden against the profits of the negative performing leading Indian automobile sector companies.

The objective of this paper was to have a study on the perceptions of stakeholders of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) projects for factors affecting the attractiveness of road projects in India. A questionnaire survey was conducted among major PPP project participants of Indian PPP road projects. Fifteen attractive factors were shortlisted through a literature survey for designing the questionnaire. Collected data was analyzed with factor analysis and descriptive statistical analysis. The findings resulted in three components: effectiveness of the private sector, effective time and cost management, and the public sector’s economic benefit. Eight factors were identified as highly affecting the attractiveness of PPP in Indian road projects. PPP provides ample diversity of net benefits to both the public and private sectors. During the project development stage, both sectors have to formulate decisions based on appropriate assessment criteria. Therefore, the reflection of attractive factors will assist the public-sector to select PPP in the road sector. It also helps to establish the strategy for road projects using PPP.

This paper endeavors to investigate whether the Islamic financial system can tackle the issue of financial exclusion in India or not. The present study has made an earnest attempt to explore the discriminating factors behind choosing of the institutes (conventional or Islamic), in decreasing order of their importance. Data for the study are collected from 635 respondents, who are customers of Islamic and traditional financial institutes. The area selected for the survey is the state of Kerala, which is considered as the Islamic finance hub in India. The data collected are analyzed by employing the discriminant analysis along with drawing inferences from descriptive statistics. The study finds various factors in descending order of their importance. The factors are type of employment, religion (Muslim/Non-Muslim), income and gender. These are discriminating factors for choosing particular institutes (conventional or Islamic). The study shows that Islamic finance system was chosen by those, particularly Muslims, who did not have good employment and sufficient income. Hence, it is recommended that extensive formal beginning of Islamic finance in India, will lead to higher financial inclusion, since generally the financially excluded individuals belong to the said segments of the society, furthermore, Islamic finance is highly fascinated by the mentioned groups, the planners should think accordingly. The study is novel in its’ approach as it evidently illustrates that Islamic financial system is chosen by those, who do not have good employment, Muslims and those who earn less. Thus, there should be extensive formal commencement of Islamic finance in India to kick off higher financial inclusion.

For the Government projects, Value for Money (VFM) is an important parameter based on which the projects are procured through Public-Private Partnership (PPP) by the public sector. The objective of this paper is to identify and evaluate perceptions of VFM factors affecting Indian road projects undertaken by PPP. Eighteen VFM factors were shortlisted through a literature survey and were validated with experienced professionals. A questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the most important VFM factors and was grouped into three categories: financial implications, the expertise of the private sector, and contract efficiency using factor analysis. Important VFM factors were identified using the Importance Index Method. The perception was analyzed with various statistical tools. The findings from this study provide more information and understanding about VFM in an early stage, which will be helpful for decision making about PPP.

Due to environmental issues, social concerns, increased pollution and enforced regulations; organizations are focusing to include green practices in their supply chain. This can be accomplished by adoption of green supply chain management (GSCM) practices. Therefore, GSCM is now a proactive approach for firms to increase their ecological performance, corporate image, achieve competitive advantages and sustainable business practices. This study identifies, evaluate and analyze the critical factors (CFs) for successful implementation of GSCM practices. The proposed study uses hybrid Fuzzy DEMATEL model to prioritize the identified critical success factors (CSFs) for GSCM adoption. Fuzzy approach is integrated with DEMATEL to deal with uncertainty arises in decision making process. To demonstrate the application of the proposed approach a case study from electronic industry is considered. This approach investigates the cause and effect relationships among the CFs for successful adoption of GSCM practices in Indian electronic organizations.

This paper empirically investigates the impact of exchange rate volatility on the real exports in India using the ARDL bounds testing procedure proposed by Pesaran et al. (2001). Using annual time series data, the empirical analyses has been carried out for the period 1970 to 2011. The study results confirm that real exports are cointegrated with exchange rate volatility, real exchange rate, gross domestic product and foreign economic activity. Our findings indicate that the exchange rate volatility has significant negative impact on real exports both in the short-run and long-run, implying that higher exchange rate fluctuation tends to reduce real exports in India. Besides, the real exchange rate has negative short-run and positive long-run effects on real exports. The empirical results reveal that GDP has a positive and significant impact on India’s real exports in the long-run, but the impact turns out to be insignificant in the short-run. In addition, the foreign economic activity exerts significant negative and positive impact on real exports in the short-run and long-run, respectively.