In the contemporary era, green development has become integral to modern industrial supply chains. Accelerating the green transformation of the supply chain in the express delivery industry poses a significant challenge in China. To address this challenge, we establish a trilateral evolutionary game model that considers the interdependent constraints involving the government, vehicle suppliers, and courier companies. This model aims to explore the optimal stable decisions for each stakeholder and the entire supply chain system. Through numerical simulations, we analyze the impact of key parameters on the stability of strategies and find that there are four Evolutionary Stable Strategies (ESS) in the system. Economic factors play a dual role: income-related factors encourage the adoption of green strategies by stakeholders, whereas cost-related factors extend the time required for stakeholders to transition to green strategies. For sustained production and utilization of new energy vehicles, the government must utilize a balanced system of rewards and penalties effectively. Vehicle suppliers and courier companies should collaborate for mutually beneficial outcomes, jointly fostering the green transformation of the supply chain with a focus on cost reduction and efficiency improvement. This study offers theoretical insights and methodological support for decision-makers in green supply chain management.

This study endeavors to evaluate the effectiveness of green distribution and green supply chain practices at PT Bio Farma (Persero) in relation to polio vaccine products. The ultimate objective is to establish and attain future green distribution targets. The research methodology utilizes the Green Supply Chain Operations Reference (Green SCOR) model and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to analyze the production and distribution data of polio vaccine (OPV) and inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) products from January to December 2023. The performance values for each key component of Green Distribution and Green Supply Chain are as follows: Plan = 22.9, Source = 16.60, Make = 21.53, Deliver = 11.24, and Return = 7.08. The total performance value for Green Distribution and Green Supply Chain is 79.41. According to APICS standards, the performance of Green Distribution and Green Supply Chain is rated as “Good”. Future performance improvements will focus on supply chain and collaborative planning, establishing long-term partnerships with suppliers and customers, optimizing environmentally friendly transportation, and developing the enterprise information system. Our study proposes that the distribution and logistics managers at PT Bio Farma should persistently monitor and assess their operations to enhance the efficiency of their green distribution and green supply chains. By doing so, they can ensure the successful attainment of performance objectives for disseminating the polio vaccine in Indonesia. This research presents a significant advancement by incorporating the Green SCOR framework into the specific domain of polio vaccines, emphasizing sustainability and environmental efficiency. This approach paves the way for new avenues of investigation in green supply chain research and offers a novel viewpoint on how the pharmaceutical industry, specifically vaccine distribution, can utilize sustainable practices to enhance their operations while mitigating environmental ramifications.

Changes are occurring in customers demanding that companies produce environmentally friendly products. Apart from that, there is pressure from the government so that companies carrying out business activities can follow the rules and regulations set. The company has developed a system that uses technology to support production process activities properly and adequately. Blockchain technology makes green supply chain implementation faster and more flexible to continue improving supply chain performance. Data is collected on companies implementing blockchain technology and environmentally friendly programs. Data was collected at 512 manufacturing companies in Indonesia using Google Forms, which was distributed via email and social media. Data analysis used PLS to answer all research hypotheses. The research results showed that blockchain technology significantly influenced green supply chain management of 0.816, green practice of 0.370, supply chain flexibility of 0.115, and green supply chain performance of 0.150. Green supply chain management is a commitment for companies that have become top management commitments to adopt by reducing consumption of materials that impact the environment, which affects green supply practices of 0.473, supply chain flexibility of 0.244, and green supply chain performance of 0.247. Green supply practice, as a form of company best practice application, can influence supply chain flexibility by 0.428 and green supply chain performance by 0.214. Supply chain flexibility that has been running in manufacturing companies has had a significant impact on green supply chain performances of 0.331. This research provides a practical contribution to top management's commitment to running a green supply chain to increase company performance. Contribution for regulators and rule makers to continue to carry out continuous monitoring of business actors. Theoretical contributions to enrich theories about the green environment, green supply chain management, and blockchain technology.

Nowadays, the topic of preserving the environment and serving local communities is a hot issue. Hence, this study aims to explore how the green supply chain affects Jordan's pharmaceutical manufacturing industry's ability to compete globally. This study's research methodology is quantitative, descriptive, and cause-effect. Data was gathered from a sample of 124 managers selected randomly from a pool of 300 managers working in 10 out of 14 pharmaceutical manufacturing organizations. The study tool underwent evaluations for normality, validity, and reliability before the data were subjected to descriptive analysis and a correlation analysis was performed between variables. Finally, hypothesis testing was conducted through the application of multiple regression analysis. The findings show that green practices affect competitive strategy, where green operations were having the highest effect on competitive strategies, then green purchasing, and green selling, respectively. The study's conclusions show that the adoption of a green supply chain improves the competitiveness of the Jordanian pharmaceutical manufacturing sector. Accordingly, the study recommends that Jordanian pharmaceutical manufacturing companies should include green supply chain practices in their daily supply practices to increase the competitiveness of the organizations.

This research came to examine the influence of green supply chain practices on export performance. The research population consists of the decision-makers in pharmaceutical companies in Jordan. The Jordanian pharmaceutical industry is considered one of the oldest industrial sectors in the Arab region. Accordingly, the research took a purposive sampling method to collect primary data. The questionnaire was designed electronically via Google Forms and distributed to the study sample via e-mail. Data were analyzed using covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) by version 24 of AMOS software. The study results showed that green supply chain dimensions have influenced export performance of the pharmaceutical industry in Jordan. Based on the study results, the researchers recommend managers and decision makers of the pharmaceutical organizations to create a policy outlining the organization's commitment to sustainability and outlining its aims and objectives for decreasing its environmental effect.

This study came with the aim of identifying the impact of the green supply chain on sustainability. This research targeted managers at the senior and middle levels of the Pharmaceutical Industry in Jordan, as they were formulating the company's strategies and determining its policies. A purposive sample consisting of 258 managers was selected. To gather the data needed for the analysis, a self-report questionnaire was used formulated electronically through Google Forms. AMOS software was used to examine the research hypotheses. The study concluded that there was an impact of the green supply chain with its dimensions (Eco-Design, Green Distribution, Green Purchasing, Green Manufacturing, and Green Reverse Logistics) on sustainability. Based on this result, the researcher recommends pharmaceutical companies in Jordan to take green initiatives and the trends towards implementing a green supply chain approach that reduces the consumption of non-renewable resources and waste, and to establish special laws and regulations in the company that oblige employees to apply the green approach in their practices within the work.

Recently, environmental degradation has become a global issue, and a green supply chain has been considered as the appropriate solution for it. Also, this issue gets the intentions of recent researchers. Thus, the current article aims to examine the impact of green supply chain practices such as green purchase, internal environmental management, and customer environmental cooperation on environment performance in Bahrain. The goal also includes examining the moderating role of green innovation among the nexus of green purchase, internal environmental management, customer environmental cooperation, and environmental performance in Bahrain. The primary data collection method has been executed by the study and collected data by using questionnaires. The employees of the supply chain department of the hydrocarbon industry in Bahrain are the respondents. The statistical results show that green purchase, internal environmental management and customer environmental cooperation have positive relationships with environmental performance. The outcomes also exposed that green innovation has played an influential moderating role among the nexus of green purchase, internal environmental management, customer environmental cooperation, and environmental performance in Bahrain. These findings provide guidelines to the regulators that they should develop effective policies related to the implementation of supply chain practices that improve environmental performance.

The objective of this study was to examine the role of green Human Resources Management (HRM) in the green supply chain (SC) and firm performance. The relationships between green HRM, green SC, lockdown, and firm performance were examined. In addition to this, the mediating role of green SC and the moderating role of lockdown was examined. The population of the study was based on the food industry of Bahrain and various companies were selected for data collection. Therefore, data were collected from the food supply companies in Bahrain. A questionnaire was used for data collection in which cluster sampling was applied. The findings of the study highlighted that green HRM has major importance for food supply companies. It has a positive role in promoting the performance of food supply companies in Bahrain. Furthermore, green SC also plays a vital contribution to the performance of food supply companies. However, COVID-19 has a negative role in firm performance. The situation of lockdown due to COVID-19 has a negative effect on the performance of these companies.

Green management and its implementation and practices attracted the attention of both practitioners and academicians alike, which in part is due to its positive impact on the environment and sustainability, however, little is known about what really measures the effect of green management practices on business performance. Conventional measures of financial performance cannot reflect the proposed effect since green management is long-term oriented and not limited to financial performance only. This research explores the potentials of using balanced scorecard to measure the effect of green marketing, green supply chain and green human resources on the performance of the firms. Simple random sampling technique was followed in this research, and data were collected from 113 managers from different companies in service and manufacturing sectors in UAE. The findings indicate that green marketing was the major determinant of customers’ performance, green human resources was the major factor affecting learning and growth, and that green supply chain was the main influencer on financial performance and internal processes.

This study aims to investigate the influence of green supply chain management practices on community empowerment and poverty reduction in the region of Indonesia. Primary data collection technique like questionnaire was adopted and a sample of 305 respondents was finally collected. For the better understanding, a structural model was developed for the green supply chain factors and community empowerment. For analyzing the data, descriptive findings, confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modelling and finally regression analysis were applied. Through structural equation modelling, it is found that all three factors of green supply chain (eco design, environment friendly approaches, and green manufacturing and distribution) had positive and significant influence on community empowerment in Indonesia. In addition, findings under regression analysis show that for the poverty reduction factors green supply chain can also play significantly when integrated through all three factors. As per the implication, this research is a meaningful contribution in the field of green supply chain management practices, community development and poverty reduction.