Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), the preferred additive manufacturing technology used for creating plastic-based parts, due to its affordability and simplicity of use. A well-known material used in FDM is Polylactic acid (PLA); however, its mechanical properties limit its use as a functional part for many applications. This research investigates the effect Copper-reinforcement has on PLA material's ultimate tensile strength (UTS) during production with a FDM process. The max tensile strength measured during this study was produced using a combination of low layer thickness (0.14 mm), high infill (90%), and high printing speed (100 mm/s). The wall thickness had a point of maximum tensile strength which was found at approximately 1.2 mm before strength began to decrease. Surface finish results were achieved with a combination of 0.14 mm layer thickness, 95 mm/s printing speed, 85% infill, and 1.0 mm wall thickness, and deviations from these settings led to increased roughness due to thermal and structural factors. Multi-objective evolutionary algorithm-based optimization MOEA/D method produced a combined "knee" point for tensile strength that was greater than all the highest experimental tensile strength measures while maintaining surface roughness identical to established through experimental means, demonstrating the effectiveness of multi-objective FDM parameter optimization utilizing it.

The automotive industry has experienced rapid development in recent years, with a significant increase in the number of vehicles in China. To effectively reduce the energy consumption and carbon emissions of automobiles, implementing lightweight design for the steering knuckle structure is essential. In this paper, in order to prepare steering knuckle parts with less weight, the material of steering knuckle was changed from 40Cr to polyether ether ketone (PEEK), which has less density, while maintaining the performance of the part. Fused deposition molding (FDM) technology, as one of the main methods of thermoplastic material manufacturing, has the ability to machine any complex geometrical structure, which greatly enhances the degree of design freedom. However, in the case of FDM technology, the print parameters determine the performance of the printed sample. Based on this, this paper will explore the influence of process parameters on the mechanical properties of PEEK materials through orthogonal experiments to screen out the optimal parameter combinations for printing. For the printing layer height of 0.1mm, the temperature of the holding chamber is 90 ℃, the filling method for the spiral tetrahedron. The PEEK materials molded under the optimal parameters of FDM were insulated to investigate the effect of the heat treatment process on the mechanical properties of PEEK materials. The loaded condition of the steering knuckle in each working condition is calculated by the basic parameters of the car, the dangerous cross section of the part is determined by simulation, and the structural optimal design of the part is carried out by topology optimization. Under the premise of ensuring its mechanical properties, minimize the amount of material to achieve the goal of lightweight.

Additive Manufacturing (AM) is becoming the leading innovation in many fields due to its ease in generating a 3D object by adding one layer of material over the other from a source of Computer Aided Design (CAD) model as input file. Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is one among the technologies available in AM, which works on material extrusion process for which the material is served in filament shape. The practice of utilizing the resources effectively by meeting the requirements of subsequent generations is internationally referred to as Sustainable Manufacturing (SM). It deals with the issues that impact the economy, society and environment. Green manufacturing approaches like reduce, reuse and recycle theories are linked with 3D Printing. In this paper research has been conducted on the studies of sustainability of the parts produced on FDM for ASTM D638 Type- IV standard tensile test specimen to optimize the process parameters for Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) material by using Design of Experiments (DOE) through Taguchi technique and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The variables considered are print speed, orientation, layer thickness and print temperature and the responses studied are energy consumption, CO2 emission, dimensional accuracy, surface roughness and mechanical properties. The primary aim of this research is to reduce the energy consumption and CO2 emission without compromising mechanical properties, in order to achieve sustainability by finding the optimum values for the input process parameters.