The purpose of this study is to know the effect of entrepreneurship attitude of manager and cooperative member motivation in enhancing member participation in North Sumatera Province, Indonesia. A questionnaire survey with a 1-5 Likert Scale is executed to achieve the objective of the study. Respondents consist of 100 managers and 100 members of the cooperatives. Data is analyzed using SPSS v. 20. The results show that manager entrepreneurship attitude and member motivations correlated significantly in increasing the participation of cooperative members with r1 = 0.866 (p-value=0.00) and r2 = 0.902 (p-value=0.00), respectively. Likewise, entrepreneurship attitude of manager and member motivation have significant effects on increasing member participation. It is also found that R2 = 0.836, and F-value was 247,430 with α≤0.01. This study revealed the independent variable significantly correlated and increased participation of member in the Province of North Sumatera, Indonesia. Thus, it is very important to insert entrepreneurship attitude and motivation in providing cooperative education.

Entrepreneurship is currently a popular topic for research due to the influence it brings to bear on multiple areas of life. Consequently, it is necessary to recognize the behaviors that boost the chances of entrepreneurs and their startups achieving success. This research primarily seeks to investigate the extent to which networking behaviors can influence the success of entrepreneurial startups in Jordan. For this purpose, the authors propose and study six networking behaviors as independent variables, namely cultivating internal contacts, cultivating external contacts, socialization, getting involved in professional activities, taking part in community activities, and raising one’s profile within the company. The dependent variable is the success of entrepreneurial startups. A quantitative analysis was conducted by distributing a questionnaire to startup companies in Amman, Jordan. The results confirm that the better entrepreneurs are at practicing these networking behaviors, the more influence they have on the success of their startups. Those behaviors that carry most influence are cultivating internal contacts, cultivating external contacts, and getting involved in professional activities. Finally, the research recommends further study should be carried out to make known the full impact of these six networking behaviors, in addition to encouraging more wholesale adoption of entrepreneurial networking behaviors to increase the probability of success for entrepreneurial startups.

The purpose of this study is to know the effect of entrepreneurship attitude of manager of cooperatives and member motivation in enhancing member participation in North Sumatera Province, Indonesia. A questionnaire with a 1-5 Likert’s scale is used to examine the hypothe-ses of the survey. Respondents consisted of 100 leader/managers and 100 members of the cooperatives. The results show that entrepreneurship attitude of manager and member motivations correlated significantly in increasing the participation of cooperative members with r1 = 0.866** and r2 = 0.902**, respectively. Likewise, entrepreneurship attitude of manager and member motivation had significant effects on increasing member participation. It is also found that R-Square = 0.836, and F-value was 247.430. In conclusion, the independent variable significantly correlated and increased participation of the members. It is very important to insert entrepreneurship attitude and motivation in providing cooperative education.

This paper identifies the mediating role of innovation and moderating role of size of enterprise on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and performance of Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs). For the purpose of this study, the necessary data is collected from 384 MSE's operating in Punjab province, Pakistan. Initially the data are analyzed using SPSS 22 and then, for the development of structure equation modeling, Smart PLS-3 is used. Two aspects of entrepreneurial orientations; namely risk taking and pro-activeness are analyzed and innovation is considered as mediat-ing variable. The major contribution of the study is to identify any moderating effect of size of the enterprise on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation, innovation and performance of MSEs. These elements basically show the contribution that is made by the innovation and performance of the MSE's. The results reveal that the size of enterprises moderated the relationship between risk taking and performance, pro-activeness and performance as well as innovation and performance.

Evaluation of the national entrepreneurship ecosystem is one of the most important measures that most countries are committed to. This study evaluates the entrepreneurship ecosystem of the coun-tries in accordance with the Global Entrepreneurship index (GEI) and based on the metafrontier Malmquist approach. The metafrontier Malmquist method helps to find the pattern of change for each country, to perform analyses dynamically, to identify the effects of technical and technology changes among the total changes (Malmquist), and to consider the region and level of the countries in analyses (metafrontier). The data Global Entrepreneurship index for 132 countries from 2016 to 2017 are derived from the reports of the Global Entrepreneurship and Development Institute. Results show that the productivity of the entrepreneurship ecosystem generally increased, but the deeper analysis indicates that this improvement was due to the technology improvement, not the technical efficiency improvement. Meanwhile, the North America region has had the best technical performance in the development of entrepreneurship ecosystem, and other areas, especially Latin America, and The Caribbean and South Asia have experienced a decline in technical efficiency. It was also found that East Asia, and Pacific, Middle East and North Africa and North America maintained a technology gap in the area of entrepreneurship ecosystems, and Latin America and The Caribbean and South Asia regions had the potential to develop technological standards. By analyzing the metafrontier, simple analysis of the entrepreneurship ecosystem performance was replaced with the deep analysis, and a more comprehensive view was achieved in this area.

This study explains the role of institutional performance and new product development (NPD) value chain strategies to enhance entrepreneurial competitive advantage. The analysis was based on survey data on 125 entrepreneurial households, taken using the multi-stage random sampling technique in Central Java and Yogyakarta. The path analysis model is used to explain the role and strategy used quantitatively. It was supplemented by a value chain analysis (VCA) model based on a supply chain management (MSC) approach in a more classical, linear, complex, and descriptive sub-sector analysis. The results show that the NPD factors significantly contribute to increasing the entrepreneurial competitive advantage. Furthermore, the NPD value chain strategy, apart from benefiting managers, provides employment opportunities and new markets to the community holistically. Its chain strategy changes the role and atmosphere of people's lives more humane.

This study aims to provide comprehensive insights into the social media marketing characteristics affecting customer buying intention. The model was theoretically based on and explored using a quantitative approach. A survey strategy was adopted, and a five-point Likert questionnaire was distributed to Jordanian citizens. A total of 237 responses were received. The hypothesis testing followed structural equation modeling using SPSS software. The findings suggest that all social media marketing subcontracts exhibit a significant positive effect on buying intention, whereby accessibility is the highest. Customer involvement also moderates the relationship between social media marketing and customer buying intention. The proposed model provides new insights into social media marketing drivers affecting buying intentions and engagement with an entrepreneurial brand or product. This study reaffirms that social media marketing can significantly influence the success of Jordanian entrepreneurial firms and understanding how to use this tool effectively can significantly change how businesses operate.

Small and Medium Enterprises (SME’s), and Entrepreneurial businesses (EB) play an important role in tourism since tourism has increasingly become the largest economic sector. Entrepreneurships known as a mean of economic development and policymakers are looking for creating a competitive and dynamic entrepreneurial economy. The aim of this study is to present a model for entrepreneurship tourism policy by using entrepreneurship development framework, which interacts with economic development. To this purpose, entrepreneurship policy dimensions are weighted and prioritized by tourism entrepreneurs, tourism policymakers and experts using decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) technique and Analytical Network Process (ANP) technique. First, DEMATEL technique is used to identify complex relationships, and to form a network relationship map. Then, ANP technique is used to calculate the influential weights of policy criteria. Results show that policymakers for entrepreneurship development in tourism need to consider basic requirements factors. In addition, they should improve efficiency enhancer criteria as well as innovation driver criteria. Also, the relationship among dimensions and their influences on each other are illustrated. Using the capabilities of this method, we can determine the casual relationships between dimensions and criteria and identify priorities for policy.

Entrepreneurial orientation is found to influence Project success along with the moderation of adaptive organizational culture and people centered management in most of the cases. This study, by addressing the moderation brings clarity to the assessment of the relation of entrepreneurial orientation dimensions on project success and is a contribution to the advancement of knowledge enhancement and improvement in Pakistan. A predominantly quantitative research strategy supported by qualitative inputs employed to obtain empirical data from 256 corporate firms in Punjab Pakistan. The gathered data examined by the structural equation modeling through Partial least square method. The results indicate that innovativeness, risk taking and proactiveness reflect the entrepreneurial orientation components. The findings of this study conclude that three dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation Innovation, Risk-taking and Proactiveness have significant and positive influence on project success. When these three dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation are moderated with adaptive organizational culture and People-Centered Management shows moderate to strong relations between different variables with a few insignificant results.

Entrepreneurship is one of the main pivot of progress and growth of every country. The spread of entrepreneurship particularly the role of women in this category has speeded up today more than any other times. Many of researchers believe that attention to women entrepreneurship plays remarkable role in soundness and safety of nation’s economy. Maybe in Iran less attention has been paid to this matter in proportion to other countries and due to various reasons, there are not many entrepreneur woman. However, employing typical entrepreneur women in various fields of productivity, industrial, commercial, social and cultural and even higher than these, in country’s political issue proves that women’s role is magnificent and in many cases they enjoy higher abilities in portion to men. In this paper, using additive ratio assessment (ARAS) as a prioritizing method, eleven entrepreneur women were chosen for prioritizing criteria for measuring a typical women’s entrepreneurship characteristics. The results show that the balance between work and family among criteria are propounded as the highest weight and fulfilling different jobs simultaneously as the lowest weight.