This study investigates the dynamic causal relationship between India’s GDP and key macroeconomic variables (exports, imports, inflation, exchange rate, BSE and NSE) over a period from January 2000 to December 2024 by using monthly data. Cointegration test has confirmed the presence of one cointegrating equation that means long-run equilibrium relationship exists along with short-run dynamics as provided by VECM estimates through HAC standard errors provided by Newey-West. The CUSUM test has confirmed overall model stability and while heteroskedasticity has been taken care of by applying HAC standard errors. The study has also shown both uni-directional as well as bi-directional casualties.

This study investigates the dynamic relationship between a set of banking sector development indicators and interest rate volatility for 12 emerging market countries during the period of 1980-2019. For this purpose, the bounds testing within autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) methodology is employed. The empirical results reveal that the interest rate volatility has negative impacts on the majority of the banking sector development indicators which also play a significant role in dampening the banking sector development path in the long-run. These findings suggest that the banking sectors of emerging countries are vulnerable to interest rate risks. Thus, the results have important implications for policymakers to improve the banking system and to promote economic growth of emerging economies.

The dependence of various stock markets plays a vital role in diversification while selecting securities in an investor’s portfolio. This study examines interdependence among the East Asian stock markets in relation to the Karachi Stock Exchange. Monthly data ranging from 2000 to 2010 is included and tested in this paper. This relationship is tested by using descriptive statistics and correlation matrix. Data stationarity is ensured by Unit Root Test. Evidence from Granger Causality and Impulse Response Test prove no relationship between KSE and stock markets of the East Asian countries while there exists certain level of unidirectional relationship from Japan to China and from Japan to Pakistan.