1
How to cite this paper
APA: Arslan, M., Ahmed, J., Hussain, A & Wahab, N. (2027). The nexus of inclusive finance, institutional governance, and FinTech adoption in the banking industry: A systematic review of project implementation dynamics. Scientometrica, 3(2), 89-106.
Chicago/Turabian: Arslan, M., Ahmed, J., Hussain, A & Wahab, N. 2027. "The nexus of inclusive finance, institutional governance, and FinTech adoption in the banking industry: A systematic review of project implementation dynamics." Scientometrica 3, no. 2 (2027): 89-106.
AMA: Arslan, M., Ahmed, J., Hussain, A & Wahab, N. The nexus of inclusive finance, institutional governance, and FinTech adoption in the banking industry: A systematic review of project implementation dynamics. Scientometrica. 2027;3(2):89-106.
References
Adeoye, O. B., Addy, W. A., Odeyemi, O., Okoye, C. C., Ofodile, O. C., Oyewole, A. T., & Ololade, Y. J. (2024). Fintech, taxation, and regulatory compliance: navigating the new financial landscape. Finance & Accounting Re-search Journal, 6(3), 320–330.
Adjei, J. M., Mensah, R. O., & Aryee, G. B. (2023). Financial Technology and Financial Inclusion in Accra, Ghana. Journal of International Cooperation and Development, 6(3), 83. https://doi.org/10.36941/jicd-2023-0023
Affandi, H., & Malik, Q. A. (2021). Financial Inclusion Between Financial Innovation and Economic Growth: A Study of Lower Middle Income Economies. Journal of Accounting and Finance in Emerging Economies, 7(4), 913–920. https://doi.org/10.26710/jafee.v7i4.1931
Al-Adwan, A. S., Meet, R. K., Anand, S., Shukla, G. P., Alsharif, R., & Dabbaghia, M. (2025). Understanding continuous use intention of technology among higher education teachers in emerging economy: Evidence from integrated TAM, TPACK, and UTAUT model. Studies in higher education, 50(3), 505-524.
Albuainain, A., & Ashby, S. (2025). Enablers and barriers in FinTech adoption: A systematic literature review of cus-tomer adoption and its impact on bank performance. FinTech, 4(3), 49.
Ali, H., & Abdullah, R. (2020). Fintech and Financial Inclusion in Pakistan: An Exploratory Study (pp. 159–192). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39935-1_9
Al-Jabri, I., & Sohail, M. S. (2012). Mobile banking adoption: Application of diffusion of innovation theory. Journal of Electronic Commerce Research, 13(4), 379–391.
Almaqtari, F. A., Yahya, A. T., Al-Maskari, N., Farhan, N. H., & Al-Aamri, A. M. Y. Y. (2025). Assessing the integrated role of IT governance, FinTech, and blockchain in enhancing sustainability performance and mitigating organiza-tional risk. Risks, 13(6), 105.
Al-Sharafi, M. A., Muhammed, I., Alzaeemi, S., Albashrawi, M. A., Chae, I., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2025). Factors shaping FinTech adoption: A systematic review, key determinants, theoretical insights, conceptual framework and future re-search directions. Information Discovery and Delivery.
Aracil, E., Gómez-Bengoechea, G., & Moreno-de-Tejada, O. (2022). Institutional quality and the financial inclusion-poverty alleviation link: Empirical evidence across countries. Borsa Istanbul Review, 22(1), 179–188. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2021.03.006
Arsalan, A., Hussain, Q., & Jam, A. Q. (2022). The Nexus Among Financial Knowledge, Financial Behavior, Financial Inclusion and Financial Wellbeing: Evidence From Pakistan. Journal of Social Sciences Development, 1(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.53664/jssd/01-01-2022-01-01-12
Ayong, E. M. P. (2026). Digital Njangi and the Unfinished Promise of Fintech in Cameroon: Entrepreneurship, Indige-nous Institutions, and Institutional Voids in the CEMAC Region. Indigenous Institutions, and Institutional Voids in the CEMAC Region (May 11, 2026).
Azeem, K., Sheikh, S. M., Rahman, S. U., & Scholar, P. D. (2023). Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Perceived Usefulness, Experience, and FinTech Acceptance in Pakistan: An Economic Analysis. Journal Homepage, 11, 4333–4348. https://doi.org/10.52131/pjhss.2023.1104.0697
Babu, M. M., Rahman, M., Alam, A., & Dey, B. L. (2024). Exploring big data-driven innovation in the manufacturing sector: evidence from UK firms. Annals of Operations Research, 333(2), 689-716.
Balliester Reis, T. (2026). What is financial inclusion? A critical review. Journal of Economic Issues, 60(1), 210-231.
Bank, W. (2023). The Global Findex Database 2023: Financial Inclusion, Digital Payments, and Resilience in the Wake of COVID-19. World Bank Group. World Bank Group. https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/globalfindex
Barbosa, S. N., Silva, A. C. F., Maldonado, I., & Gaspar, P. (2026). Cost Management in Healthcare: A PRISMA-Based Systematic Review of International Research. Administrative Sciences, 16(1), 46.
Basnayake, D., Naranpanawa, A., Selvanathan, S., & Bandara, J. S. (2024). Financial inclusion through digitalisation and economic growth in Asia-Pacific countries. International Review of Financial Analysis, 96, 103596. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2024.103596
Bello, S. M. (2022). The Role of Waqf in Enhancing the Financial Inclusion of Women Entrepreneurs in Developing Countries. Journal of Islamic Business and Management (Jibm), 12(01). https://doi.org/10.26501/jibm/2022.1201-009
Bhutto, S. A., Jamal, Y., & Ullah, S. (2023). FinTech adoption, HR competency potential, service innovation and firm growth in the banking sector. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13967
Boughanzai, F., Ouhassan, Y., Majdoubi, R., & Hadjoudja, A. (2026). A comprehensive structural equation modeling analysis of factors influencing teacher acceptance of AI in education through an extended TAM frame-work. Education and Information Technologies, 31(3), 847-889.
Butt, T. A., & Hussain, F. (2026). Academic Engagement in Policymaking: Evaluating the Demand and Supply in Paki-stan's Policy Advisory System. Review of Policy Research, 43(2), e70028.
Chen, J., Zhao, X., Zheng, S., Zhou, D., & Cheng, X. (2026). Higher Education, Fintech, and Regional Entrepreneurship: Insights from China's Innovation Ecosystem. Research in International Business and Finance, 103310.
Cheng, Z. (2021). Exploring the Development of Financial Inclusion in the Context of Financial Technology. Proceed-ings of Business and Economic Studies, 4(4), 104–111. https://doi.org/10.26689/pbes.v4i4.2394
Chibba, M. (2009). Financial inclusion, poverty reduction and the Millennium Development Goals. The European Jour-nal of Development Research, 21, 213–230.
Chinoda, T., & Mingiri Kapingura, F. (2026). Fintech-based financial inclusion and banks' risk-taking: the role of regu-lation in Sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences, 42(2), 554-571.
Culbert, J. H., Hobert, A., Jahn, N., Haupka, N., Schmidt, M., Donner, P., & Mayr, P. (2025). Reference coverage analy-sis of OpenAlex compared to Web of Science and Scopus. Scientometrics, 130(4), 2475-2492.
Dauda, H., Danladi, S., & Bala, B. (2024). Financial Inclusion and Technological Influence on SDG 4 - Quality Educa-tion Attainment in Africa: A Case Study of Gombe State. Journal of Economics Management and Trade, 30(5), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.9734/jemt/2024/v30i51205
Demircioğlu, Z. I., & Göncü Köse, A. (2021). Effects of attachment styles, dark triad, rejection sensitivity, and relation-ship satisfaction on social media addiction: A mediated model. Current Psychology, 40(1), 414–428. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-018-9956-x
Desveaud, K., & Bawack, R. (2026). Integrating the literature on AI adoption: A socio-technical frame-work. International Journal of Market Research, 68(2), 219-240.
Dewri, L. V. (2026). Mobile Financial Transactions Services as Knowledge Infrastructure: A Comparative Analysis of Digital Financial Velocity and Economic Learning in Bangladesh and China. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 1-30.
Dr. Noor Salah Alramadan. (2021). Bank Competition and Financial Inclusion in GCC Banks. Humanitarian and Natu-ral Sciences Journal, 2(9). https://doi.org/10.53796/hnsj2921
Ediagbonya, V., & Tioluwani, C. (2022). The Role of Fintech in Driving Financial Inclusion in Developing and Emerg-ing Markets: Issues, Challenges and Prospects. Technological Sustainability, 2(1), 100–119. https://doi.org/10.1108/techs-10-2021-0017
Ejaz, M., & Hasan, R. (2023a). Measuring Financial Inclusion Index for Developing Countries. Pakistan Journal of Hu-manities and Social Sciences, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.52131/pjhss.2023.1103.0717
Fatima, T., Kashif, S., Kamran, M., & Awan, T. M. (2021). Examining factors influencing adoption of m-payment: ex-tending UTAUT2 with perceived value. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity, and Change, 15(8), 276–299.
Ferilli, G. B., Altunbas, Y., Stefanelli, V., Palmieri, E., & Boscia, V. (2024). Fintech governance and performance: Im-plications for banking and financial stability. Research in International Business and Finance, 70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2024.102349
Goyal, N., Saxena, D., & Bajaj, P. K. (2025). A Comparative Study of Regulatory Approaches to Fintech in India and Global Markets. Advances in Consumer Research, 2(4).
Grønstad, A. (2026). Scoping reviews vis-à-vis systematic reviews and integrative reviews in management research: guidelines for good practice. Review of Managerial Science, 20(1), 221-250.
Haridh, I. (2022). Language Barriers as a Limitation to Achieving Financial Inclusion Through FinTech in India. Jour-nal of Student Research, 11(4). https://doi.org/10.47611/jsrhs.v11i4.3198
Hidayat-ur-Rehman, I., & Hossain, M. N. (2024). The impacts of Fintech adoption, green finance and competitiveness on banks' sustainable performance: digital transformation as moderator. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Admin-istration, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/APJBA-10-2023-0497/FULL/PDF
Hossain, M. N., Hidayat-ur-Rehman, I., Bhuiyan, A. B., & Salleh, H. M. (2026). Evaluating the influence of IT govern-ance, fintech adoption, and financial literacy on sustainable performance. Studies in Economics and Finance, 43(3), 811-835.
Howlader, M. S., & Mondal, T. (2026). Fintech's impact on financial inclusion in South Asian countries (SAARC): a cross-country analysis. Digital Transformation and Society, 1-19.
Hsieh, S.-R., Chang, S.-I., & Cheng, S.-H. (2024). FinTech Governance Challenges and Solutions: A Critical Review and Research Agenda. Pacific Asia Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 16(3), 64–90. https://doi.org/10.17705/1pais.16303
Hussain, A., Ahmad, J., Altaf, Y., Khan, M., & Sanghi, A. (2016). A study on various attributing reasons for switching telecommunication brands among various cellular services at Larkana, Sindh, Pakistan. Finance and Management Sciences, 11(1), 36-83.
Imam, T., McInnes, A., Colombage, S., & Grose, R. (2022). Opportunities and Barriers for FinTech in SAARC and ASEAN Countries. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 15(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm15020077
Islam, M. N., Khan, N. I., Inan, T. T., & Sarker, I. H. (2023). Designing user interfaces for illiterate and semi-literate users: a systematic review and future research agenda. Sage Open, 13(2), 21582440231172741.
Jafri, J. A., Amin, S. I. M., Rahman, A. A., & Nor, S. M. (2024). A systematic literature review of the role of trust and security on Fintech adoption in banking. Heliyon.
Junior Ladeira, W., Hasan Jafar, S., & de Oliveira Santini, F. (2026). A meta-analysis of technological adoption of fi-nancial services: investigating risk and trust perception effects. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 44(3), 393-421.
Kanga, D., Oughton, C., Harris, L., & Murinde, V. (2021). The Diffusion of Fintech, Financial Inclusion and Income Per Capita. European Journal of Finance, 28(1), 108–136. https://doi.org/10.1080/1351847x.2021.1945646
Karim, S., Rabbani, M. R., Bashar, A., & Hunjra, A. I. (2022). Fintech innovation and its application in Islamic banking from Pakistan. In FinTech in Islamic financial institutions: Scope, challenges, and implications in Islamic finance (pp. 157–174). Springer.
Khalil, H., Welch, V., Grainger, M., & Campbell, F. (2025). Methodology for mapping reviews, evidence maps, and gap maps. Research Synthesis Methods, 16(5), 786-796.
Khan, A., Ahmed, J., & Khan, F. U. (2019). An Empirical Study of Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty: An Evidence of Telecom Sector in Pakistan. Journal of Business & Tourism, 5(2), 65-78.
Khan, M. I., Ayub, R., Khan, S., & Khan, Y. (2023). Link Between Financial Literacy and Financial Inclusion: A Case of Urban Areas of Karachi, Pakistan. International Journal of Social Science & Entrepreneurship, 3(2), 500–522. https://doi.org/10.58661/ijsse.v3i2.152
Kou, G., & Lu, Y. (2025). FinTech: a literature review of emerging financial technologies and applications. Financial Innovation, 11(1), 1.
Krishna, B., Krishnan, S., & Sebastian, M. P. (2025). Understanding the process of building institutional trust among digital payment users through national cybersecurity commitment trustworthiness cues: a critical realist perspec-tive. Information Technology & People, 38(2), 714-756.
Kusi, B. A. (2021). Financial Sector Transparency and Bank Interest Margins: Do Quality of Political and Financial Regulatory Institutions Matter? Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance, 29(4), 409–433. https://doi.org/10.1108/jfrc-10-2020-0097
Mader, P., Duvendack, M., Lees, A., Larquemin, A., & Macdonald, K. (2022). Enablers, Barriers and Impacts of Digital Financial Services: Insights from an Evidence Gap Map and Implications for Taxation. https://doi.org/10.19088/ICTD.2022.008
Malokani, D. K. A. K., Makhdoom, T. R., Siddiqui, M. A., Shah, J. A., & Zaidi, A. R. (2023). Mediating Role Of Gov-ernment Support For Fintech Adoption: Empirical Evidence From Islamic Banks Of Karachi, Pakistan. Russian Law Journal, 11(3S), 434–444.
Mavļutova, I., Spilbergs, A., Verdenhofs, A., Natrins, A., Arefjevs, I., & Volkova, T. (2022). Digital Transformation as a Driver of the Financial Sector Sustainable Development: An Impact on Financial Inclusion and Operational Effi-ciency. Sustainability, 15(1), 207. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15010207
Medhi Thies, I. (2015). User interface design for low-literate and novice users: Past, present and future. Foundations and Trends® in Human—Computer Interaction, 8(1), 1-72.
Miniaoui, S., Almuraqab, N. A. S., Al Raees, R., BS, P., & MV, M. K. (2026). Modeling Service Experience and Sus-tainable Adoption of Drone Taxi Services in the UAE: A Behavioral Framework Informed by TAM and UTAUT. Sustainability, 18(2), 922.
Mironova, N., & Vasanthakumar, K. (2026). Cross-Cultural Determinants of Mobile Banking App Adoption: A Com-parative Study of University Students in Sri Lanka and the Digital Banking Con-text of Bulgaria.
Mushtaq, R., Murtaza, G., Yahiaoui, D., Alessio, I., & Talpur, Q. (2024). Impact of financial literacy on financial inclu-sion and household financial decisions: exploring the role of ICTs. International Studies of Management & Organi-zation, 54(1), 68–84.
Ngonyani, D. B. (2022). Financial Inclusion: Cost and Implications in Developing Countries: A Review of the Existing Literature. Journal of Economics Education and Entrepreneurship, 3(2), 123. https://doi.org/10.20527/jee.v3i2.5173
Nizam, K., & Rashidi, M. Z. (2024). Barriers to digital financial inclusion and digital financial services (DFS) in Paki-stan: a phenomenological approach. Qualitative Research in Financial Markets. https://doi.org/10.1108/QRFM-11-2023-0271
Noor, N., Batool, I., & Arshad, H. M. (2020). Financial literacy, financial self-efficacy and financial account ownership behavior in Pakistan. Cogent Economics & Finance, 8(1), 1806479. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2020.1806479
Noor, N., Batool, I., & Rehman, H. ur. (2022). An Empirical Assessment of the Mediating Role of Financial Self-efficacy on Financial Literacy and Financial Inclusion in Pakistan. Annals of Social Sciences and Perspective, 3(1), 77–103. https://doi.org/10.52700/assap.v3i1.160
Noreen, M., Mia, M. S., Ghazali, Z., & Ahmed, F. (2022). Role of government policies to fintech adoption and financial inclusion: A study in Pakistan. Universal Journal of Accounting and Finance, 10(1), 37–46.
Omotoya Bukola Adeoye, Wihelmina Afua Addy, Olubusola Odeyemi, Chinwe Chinazo Okoye, Onyeka Chrisanctus Ofodile, Adedoyin Tolulope Oyewole, & Yinka James Ololade. (2024). FINTECH, TAXATION, AND REGULATO-RY COMPLIANCE: NAVIGATING THE NEW FINANCIAL LANDSCAPE. Finance & Accounting Research Jour-nal, 6(3), 320–330. https://doi.org/10.51594/farj.v6i3.858
Osimen, G. U., Wonosikou, M. H., & Odeigah, T. N. (2026). National cybersecurity policy and citizens’ rights in Nige-ria. The International Journal of Human Rights, 1-26.
Petrovski, A., & Djukic, A. (2026). Framework for a participatory co-design approach of urban spaces with older adults. Archnet-IJAR: International Journal of Architectural Research, 1-29.
Qatanani, N. O., Alghababsheh, M., Aburayya, A., & Nasaj, M. (2026). Factors influencing m-government adoption in the developing world: A UTAUT-based model integrating trust, risk and trendiness. VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems, 56(3), 797-828.
Ramadhan, S., Darmansyah, D., & Nugroho, A. (2026). Adopting business process automation for sustainable MICE: a multi-level analysis of innovation and institutional pressures. International Journal of Event and Festival Manage-ment, 1-20.
Raza, A., Tong, G., Erokhin, V., Бобрышев, А. Н., Chaikovskaya, L. A., & Malinovskaya, N. V. (2023). Sustaining Per-formance of Wheat–Rice Farms in Pakistan: The Effects of Financial Literacy and Financial Inclusion. Sustainabil-ity, 15(9), 7045. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097045
Raza, S. A., Shah, N., & Ali, M. (2018). Acceptance of mobile banking in Islamic banks: evidence from the modified UTAUT model. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 10. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-04-2017-0038.
Rehman, Z., Akhtar, R., & Shah, S. A. (2022). The Impact of Fintech on Banks with Historical, Contemporary and Fu-ture Perspectives with Legal Perception. Journal of Development and Social Sciences, 3(3), 108–116.
Rizvi, S. K. A., Rahat, B., Naqvi, B., & Umar, M. (2024). Revolutionising finance: The synergy of fintech, digital adop-tion, and innovation. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 200, 123112.
Saeed, K., Aslam, S., Jabbar, S., Aslam, S., & Noreen, F. (2024). Perceived Trust and Its Antecedents' Impact on Inten-tions to Use Fintech: Evidence from Pakistan. Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE), 13(2), 573-582.
Sahar Iqbal. (2024, March 7). Navigating the fintech landscape in Pakistan: legal framework, opportunities and chal-lenges | International Bar Association. https://www.ibanet.org/Navigating-the-fintech-landscape-in-Pakistan
Saleem, A. (2021). Fintech revolution, perceived risks and Fintech adoption: Evidence from the financial industry of Pakistan. International Journal of Multidisciplinary and Current Educational Research, 3, 191–205.
Saleem, A. (n.d.). Fintech Revolution, Perceived Risks and Fintech Adoption: Evidence from the Financial Industry of Pakistan. In International Journal of Multidisciplinary and Current Educational Research (IJMCER) (Vol. 3). www.ijmcer.com
Senyo, P. K., Karanasios, S., Komla Agbloyor, E., & Choudrie, J. (2024). Government-Led digital transformation in FinTech ecosystems. Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 33(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsis.2024.101849
Shah, I. A. (2026). Financial systems and poverty dynamics: A literature review on the role of institutions and fintech in economic growth. International Review of Applied Economics, 40(2), 195-215.
Shamim, I., & Mohan, G. (2026). Broaden-and-build theory in marketing research: a comprehensive systematic litera-ture review using the TCCM framework. Spanish Journal of Marketing-ESIC, 30(2), 142-166.
Sharma, C., & Kushwah, S. (2025). Mapping the theory of consumption values: a systematic review using the TCCM approach. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 24(2), 562-610.
Singh, P., Singh, V. K., & Piryani, R. (2026). Scholarly article retrieval from Web of Science, Scopus and Dimensions: A comparative analysis of retrieval quality. Journal of Information Science, 52(2), 416-428.
Stein, L., Evers, N., & O'Gorman, C. (2026). Fostering conditions for digital entrepreneurship: The role of institutional entrepreneurs in driving FinTech ecosystem development. Technovation, 150, 103386.
Stephen B. U., Archibong E. E., & Asuquo P. M. (2024). Mobile Payment Applications in Countries with Low Financial Inclusion: A Multistakeholder Perspective Review. Journal of Engineering Research and Reports, 26(2), 14–32.
Stevens, J. L., Spaid, B. I., Breazeale, M., & Jones, C. L. E. (2018). Timeliness, transparency, and trust: A framework for managing online customer complaints. Business Horizons, 61(3), 375-384.
Sultan, M. F., Asim, M., Khan, R. A., & Shaikh, S. (2023). Fintech: An Opportunity or Opportunity Missed by Develop-ing Sides of the World: A Special Emphasis on Fintech Use and Prospects in Pakistan. In Financial Inclusion Across Asia: Bringing Opportunities for Businesses (pp. 109–116). Emerald Publishing Limited.
Sultana, N., Sultana, R., & Akter, M. S. (2026). Exploring mobile financial services adoption among Bangladeshi Mil-lennials: role of technology awareness, perceived value, gender, and education level. Journal of Financial Services Marketing, 31(1), 24.
Tariq, M., Maryam, S. Z., & Shaheen, W. A. (2024). Cognitive factors and actual usage of Fintech innovation: Explor-ing the UTAUT framework for digital banking. Heliyon, 10(15). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35582
Tsouris, I., Thanasas, G. L., & Rigou, M. (2026). Assessing the European Central Bank’s Institutional Capacity and Readiness for the Introduction of the Digital Euro. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 19(2), 148.
Uzair-ul-Hassan, M. (2025). Institutional Gaps and Faculty Initiatives: A Qualitative Inquiry into Interdisciplinary Re-search in Pakistan. The Critical Review of Social Sciences Studies, 3(3), 1124-1135.
Verdugo-Paiva, F., Urquhart, O., Bhosale, A. S., Martins-Pfeifer, C., Glick, M., & Carrasco-Labra, A. (2026). Develop-ment of living evidence-informed guidelines, part 4: rationale and methodology for conducting systematic reviews to inform guidelines. The Journal of the American Dental Association.
Yan, J., & Ahmad, F. (2025). Bridging Institutional Voids in a Volatile Emerging Economy: Role of Regulatory Cultur-al Stewardship as a Dynamic Capability for Sustainable AI-Enabled Digital Transformation in SMEs. Sustainability, 17(22), 10397.
Zaidi, S. A. M., & Shah, S. A. A. (2023). Fintech contribution towards economic prosperity in Pakistan. Pakistan Review of Social Sciences (PRSS), 4(1), 1–14.
Adjei, J. M., Mensah, R. O., & Aryee, G. B. (2023). Financial Technology and Financial Inclusion in Accra, Ghana. Journal of International Cooperation and Development, 6(3), 83. https://doi.org/10.36941/jicd-2023-0023
Affandi, H., & Malik, Q. A. (2021). Financial Inclusion Between Financial Innovation and Economic Growth: A Study of Lower Middle Income Economies. Journal of Accounting and Finance in Emerging Economies, 7(4), 913–920. https://doi.org/10.26710/jafee.v7i4.1931
Al-Adwan, A. S., Meet, R. K., Anand, S., Shukla, G. P., Alsharif, R., & Dabbaghia, M. (2025). Understanding continuous use intention of technology among higher education teachers in emerging economy: Evidence from integrated TAM, TPACK, and UTAUT model. Studies in higher education, 50(3), 505-524.
Albuainain, A., & Ashby, S. (2025). Enablers and barriers in FinTech adoption: A systematic literature review of cus-tomer adoption and its impact on bank performance. FinTech, 4(3), 49.
Ali, H., & Abdullah, R. (2020). Fintech and Financial Inclusion in Pakistan: An Exploratory Study (pp. 159–192). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39935-1_9
Al-Jabri, I., & Sohail, M. S. (2012). Mobile banking adoption: Application of diffusion of innovation theory. Journal of Electronic Commerce Research, 13(4), 379–391.
Almaqtari, F. A., Yahya, A. T., Al-Maskari, N., Farhan, N. H., & Al-Aamri, A. M. Y. Y. (2025). Assessing the integrated role of IT governance, FinTech, and blockchain in enhancing sustainability performance and mitigating organiza-tional risk. Risks, 13(6), 105.
Al-Sharafi, M. A., Muhammed, I., Alzaeemi, S., Albashrawi, M. A., Chae, I., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2025). Factors shaping FinTech adoption: A systematic review, key determinants, theoretical insights, conceptual framework and future re-search directions. Information Discovery and Delivery.
Aracil, E., Gómez-Bengoechea, G., & Moreno-de-Tejada, O. (2022). Institutional quality and the financial inclusion-poverty alleviation link: Empirical evidence across countries. Borsa Istanbul Review, 22(1), 179–188. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2021.03.006
Arsalan, A., Hussain, Q., & Jam, A. Q. (2022). The Nexus Among Financial Knowledge, Financial Behavior, Financial Inclusion and Financial Wellbeing: Evidence From Pakistan. Journal of Social Sciences Development, 1(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.53664/jssd/01-01-2022-01-01-12
Ayong, E. M. P. (2026). Digital Njangi and the Unfinished Promise of Fintech in Cameroon: Entrepreneurship, Indige-nous Institutions, and Institutional Voids in the CEMAC Region. Indigenous Institutions, and Institutional Voids in the CEMAC Region (May 11, 2026).
Azeem, K., Sheikh, S. M., Rahman, S. U., & Scholar, P. D. (2023). Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Perceived Usefulness, Experience, and FinTech Acceptance in Pakistan: An Economic Analysis. Journal Homepage, 11, 4333–4348. https://doi.org/10.52131/pjhss.2023.1104.0697
Babu, M. M., Rahman, M., Alam, A., & Dey, B. L. (2024). Exploring big data-driven innovation in the manufacturing sector: evidence from UK firms. Annals of Operations Research, 333(2), 689-716.
Balliester Reis, T. (2026). What is financial inclusion? A critical review. Journal of Economic Issues, 60(1), 210-231.
Bank, W. (2023). The Global Findex Database 2023: Financial Inclusion, Digital Payments, and Resilience in the Wake of COVID-19. World Bank Group. World Bank Group. https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/globalfindex
Barbosa, S. N., Silva, A. C. F., Maldonado, I., & Gaspar, P. (2026). Cost Management in Healthcare: A PRISMA-Based Systematic Review of International Research. Administrative Sciences, 16(1), 46.
Basnayake, D., Naranpanawa, A., Selvanathan, S., & Bandara, J. S. (2024). Financial inclusion through digitalisation and economic growth in Asia-Pacific countries. International Review of Financial Analysis, 96, 103596. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2024.103596
Bello, S. M. (2022). The Role of Waqf in Enhancing the Financial Inclusion of Women Entrepreneurs in Developing Countries. Journal of Islamic Business and Management (Jibm), 12(01). https://doi.org/10.26501/jibm/2022.1201-009
Bhutto, S. A., Jamal, Y., & Ullah, S. (2023). FinTech adoption, HR competency potential, service innovation and firm growth in the banking sector. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13967
Boughanzai, F., Ouhassan, Y., Majdoubi, R., & Hadjoudja, A. (2026). A comprehensive structural equation modeling analysis of factors influencing teacher acceptance of AI in education through an extended TAM frame-work. Education and Information Technologies, 31(3), 847-889.
Butt, T. A., & Hussain, F. (2026). Academic Engagement in Policymaking: Evaluating the Demand and Supply in Paki-stan's Policy Advisory System. Review of Policy Research, 43(2), e70028.
Chen, J., Zhao, X., Zheng, S., Zhou, D., & Cheng, X. (2026). Higher Education, Fintech, and Regional Entrepreneurship: Insights from China's Innovation Ecosystem. Research in International Business and Finance, 103310.
Cheng, Z. (2021). Exploring the Development of Financial Inclusion in the Context of Financial Technology. Proceed-ings of Business and Economic Studies, 4(4), 104–111. https://doi.org/10.26689/pbes.v4i4.2394
Chibba, M. (2009). Financial inclusion, poverty reduction and the Millennium Development Goals. The European Jour-nal of Development Research, 21, 213–230.
Chinoda, T., & Mingiri Kapingura, F. (2026). Fintech-based financial inclusion and banks' risk-taking: the role of regu-lation in Sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences, 42(2), 554-571.
Culbert, J. H., Hobert, A., Jahn, N., Haupka, N., Schmidt, M., Donner, P., & Mayr, P. (2025). Reference coverage analy-sis of OpenAlex compared to Web of Science and Scopus. Scientometrics, 130(4), 2475-2492.
Dauda, H., Danladi, S., & Bala, B. (2024). Financial Inclusion and Technological Influence on SDG 4 - Quality Educa-tion Attainment in Africa: A Case Study of Gombe State. Journal of Economics Management and Trade, 30(5), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.9734/jemt/2024/v30i51205
Demircioğlu, Z. I., & Göncü Köse, A. (2021). Effects of attachment styles, dark triad, rejection sensitivity, and relation-ship satisfaction on social media addiction: A mediated model. Current Psychology, 40(1), 414–428. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-018-9956-x
Desveaud, K., & Bawack, R. (2026). Integrating the literature on AI adoption: A socio-technical frame-work. International Journal of Market Research, 68(2), 219-240.
Dewri, L. V. (2026). Mobile Financial Transactions Services as Knowledge Infrastructure: A Comparative Analysis of Digital Financial Velocity and Economic Learning in Bangladesh and China. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 1-30.
Dr. Noor Salah Alramadan. (2021). Bank Competition and Financial Inclusion in GCC Banks. Humanitarian and Natu-ral Sciences Journal, 2(9). https://doi.org/10.53796/hnsj2921
Ediagbonya, V., & Tioluwani, C. (2022). The Role of Fintech in Driving Financial Inclusion in Developing and Emerg-ing Markets: Issues, Challenges and Prospects. Technological Sustainability, 2(1), 100–119. https://doi.org/10.1108/techs-10-2021-0017
Ejaz, M., & Hasan, R. (2023a). Measuring Financial Inclusion Index for Developing Countries. Pakistan Journal of Hu-manities and Social Sciences, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.52131/pjhss.2023.1103.0717
Fatima, T., Kashif, S., Kamran, M., & Awan, T. M. (2021). Examining factors influencing adoption of m-payment: ex-tending UTAUT2 with perceived value. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity, and Change, 15(8), 276–299.
Ferilli, G. B., Altunbas, Y., Stefanelli, V., Palmieri, E., & Boscia, V. (2024). Fintech governance and performance: Im-plications for banking and financial stability. Research in International Business and Finance, 70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2024.102349
Goyal, N., Saxena, D., & Bajaj, P. K. (2025). A Comparative Study of Regulatory Approaches to Fintech in India and Global Markets. Advances in Consumer Research, 2(4).
Grønstad, A. (2026). Scoping reviews vis-à-vis systematic reviews and integrative reviews in management research: guidelines for good practice. Review of Managerial Science, 20(1), 221-250.
Haridh, I. (2022). Language Barriers as a Limitation to Achieving Financial Inclusion Through FinTech in India. Jour-nal of Student Research, 11(4). https://doi.org/10.47611/jsrhs.v11i4.3198
Hidayat-ur-Rehman, I., & Hossain, M. N. (2024). The impacts of Fintech adoption, green finance and competitiveness on banks' sustainable performance: digital transformation as moderator. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Admin-istration, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/APJBA-10-2023-0497/FULL/PDF
Hossain, M. N., Hidayat-ur-Rehman, I., Bhuiyan, A. B., & Salleh, H. M. (2026). Evaluating the influence of IT govern-ance, fintech adoption, and financial literacy on sustainable performance. Studies in Economics and Finance, 43(3), 811-835.
Howlader, M. S., & Mondal, T. (2026). Fintech's impact on financial inclusion in South Asian countries (SAARC): a cross-country analysis. Digital Transformation and Society, 1-19.
Hsieh, S.-R., Chang, S.-I., & Cheng, S.-H. (2024). FinTech Governance Challenges and Solutions: A Critical Review and Research Agenda. Pacific Asia Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 16(3), 64–90. https://doi.org/10.17705/1pais.16303
Hussain, A., Ahmad, J., Altaf, Y., Khan, M., & Sanghi, A. (2016). A study on various attributing reasons for switching telecommunication brands among various cellular services at Larkana, Sindh, Pakistan. Finance and Management Sciences, 11(1), 36-83.
Imam, T., McInnes, A., Colombage, S., & Grose, R. (2022). Opportunities and Barriers for FinTech in SAARC and ASEAN Countries. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 15(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm15020077
Islam, M. N., Khan, N. I., Inan, T. T., & Sarker, I. H. (2023). Designing user interfaces for illiterate and semi-literate users: a systematic review and future research agenda. Sage Open, 13(2), 21582440231172741.
Jafri, J. A., Amin, S. I. M., Rahman, A. A., & Nor, S. M. (2024). A systematic literature review of the role of trust and security on Fintech adoption in banking. Heliyon.
Junior Ladeira, W., Hasan Jafar, S., & de Oliveira Santini, F. (2026). A meta-analysis of technological adoption of fi-nancial services: investigating risk and trust perception effects. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 44(3), 393-421.
Kanga, D., Oughton, C., Harris, L., & Murinde, V. (2021). The Diffusion of Fintech, Financial Inclusion and Income Per Capita. European Journal of Finance, 28(1), 108–136. https://doi.org/10.1080/1351847x.2021.1945646
Karim, S., Rabbani, M. R., Bashar, A., & Hunjra, A. I. (2022). Fintech innovation and its application in Islamic banking from Pakistan. In FinTech in Islamic financial institutions: Scope, challenges, and implications in Islamic finance (pp. 157–174). Springer.
Khalil, H., Welch, V., Grainger, M., & Campbell, F. (2025). Methodology for mapping reviews, evidence maps, and gap maps. Research Synthesis Methods, 16(5), 786-796.
Khan, A., Ahmed, J., & Khan, F. U. (2019). An Empirical Study of Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty: An Evidence of Telecom Sector in Pakistan. Journal of Business & Tourism, 5(2), 65-78.
Khan, M. I., Ayub, R., Khan, S., & Khan, Y. (2023). Link Between Financial Literacy and Financial Inclusion: A Case of Urban Areas of Karachi, Pakistan. International Journal of Social Science & Entrepreneurship, 3(2), 500–522. https://doi.org/10.58661/ijsse.v3i2.152
Kou, G., & Lu, Y. (2025). FinTech: a literature review of emerging financial technologies and applications. Financial Innovation, 11(1), 1.
Krishna, B., Krishnan, S., & Sebastian, M. P. (2025). Understanding the process of building institutional trust among digital payment users through national cybersecurity commitment trustworthiness cues: a critical realist perspec-tive. Information Technology & People, 38(2), 714-756.
Kusi, B. A. (2021). Financial Sector Transparency and Bank Interest Margins: Do Quality of Political and Financial Regulatory Institutions Matter? Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance, 29(4), 409–433. https://doi.org/10.1108/jfrc-10-2020-0097
Mader, P., Duvendack, M., Lees, A., Larquemin, A., & Macdonald, K. (2022). Enablers, Barriers and Impacts of Digital Financial Services: Insights from an Evidence Gap Map and Implications for Taxation. https://doi.org/10.19088/ICTD.2022.008
Malokani, D. K. A. K., Makhdoom, T. R., Siddiqui, M. A., Shah, J. A., & Zaidi, A. R. (2023). Mediating Role Of Gov-ernment Support For Fintech Adoption: Empirical Evidence From Islamic Banks Of Karachi, Pakistan. Russian Law Journal, 11(3S), 434–444.
Mavļutova, I., Spilbergs, A., Verdenhofs, A., Natrins, A., Arefjevs, I., & Volkova, T. (2022). Digital Transformation as a Driver of the Financial Sector Sustainable Development: An Impact on Financial Inclusion and Operational Effi-ciency. Sustainability, 15(1), 207. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15010207
Medhi Thies, I. (2015). User interface design for low-literate and novice users: Past, present and future. Foundations and Trends® in Human—Computer Interaction, 8(1), 1-72.
Miniaoui, S., Almuraqab, N. A. S., Al Raees, R., BS, P., & MV, M. K. (2026). Modeling Service Experience and Sus-tainable Adoption of Drone Taxi Services in the UAE: A Behavioral Framework Informed by TAM and UTAUT. Sustainability, 18(2), 922.
Mironova, N., & Vasanthakumar, K. (2026). Cross-Cultural Determinants of Mobile Banking App Adoption: A Com-parative Study of University Students in Sri Lanka and the Digital Banking Con-text of Bulgaria.
Mushtaq, R., Murtaza, G., Yahiaoui, D., Alessio, I., & Talpur, Q. (2024). Impact of financial literacy on financial inclu-sion and household financial decisions: exploring the role of ICTs. International Studies of Management & Organi-zation, 54(1), 68–84.
Ngonyani, D. B. (2022). Financial Inclusion: Cost and Implications in Developing Countries: A Review of the Existing Literature. Journal of Economics Education and Entrepreneurship, 3(2), 123. https://doi.org/10.20527/jee.v3i2.5173
Nizam, K., & Rashidi, M. Z. (2024). Barriers to digital financial inclusion and digital financial services (DFS) in Paki-stan: a phenomenological approach. Qualitative Research in Financial Markets. https://doi.org/10.1108/QRFM-11-2023-0271
Noor, N., Batool, I., & Arshad, H. M. (2020). Financial literacy, financial self-efficacy and financial account ownership behavior in Pakistan. Cogent Economics & Finance, 8(1), 1806479. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2020.1806479
Noor, N., Batool, I., & Rehman, H. ur. (2022). An Empirical Assessment of the Mediating Role of Financial Self-efficacy on Financial Literacy and Financial Inclusion in Pakistan. Annals of Social Sciences and Perspective, 3(1), 77–103. https://doi.org/10.52700/assap.v3i1.160
Noreen, M., Mia, M. S., Ghazali, Z., & Ahmed, F. (2022). Role of government policies to fintech adoption and financial inclusion: A study in Pakistan. Universal Journal of Accounting and Finance, 10(1), 37–46.
Omotoya Bukola Adeoye, Wihelmina Afua Addy, Olubusola Odeyemi, Chinwe Chinazo Okoye, Onyeka Chrisanctus Ofodile, Adedoyin Tolulope Oyewole, & Yinka James Ololade. (2024). FINTECH, TAXATION, AND REGULATO-RY COMPLIANCE: NAVIGATING THE NEW FINANCIAL LANDSCAPE. Finance & Accounting Research Jour-nal, 6(3), 320–330. https://doi.org/10.51594/farj.v6i3.858
Osimen, G. U., Wonosikou, M. H., & Odeigah, T. N. (2026). National cybersecurity policy and citizens’ rights in Nige-ria. The International Journal of Human Rights, 1-26.
Petrovski, A., & Djukic, A. (2026). Framework for a participatory co-design approach of urban spaces with older adults. Archnet-IJAR: International Journal of Architectural Research, 1-29.
Qatanani, N. O., Alghababsheh, M., Aburayya, A., & Nasaj, M. (2026). Factors influencing m-government adoption in the developing world: A UTAUT-based model integrating trust, risk and trendiness. VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems, 56(3), 797-828.
Ramadhan, S., Darmansyah, D., & Nugroho, A. (2026). Adopting business process automation for sustainable MICE: a multi-level analysis of innovation and institutional pressures. International Journal of Event and Festival Manage-ment, 1-20.
Raza, A., Tong, G., Erokhin, V., Бобрышев, А. Н., Chaikovskaya, L. A., & Malinovskaya, N. V. (2023). Sustaining Per-formance of Wheat–Rice Farms in Pakistan: The Effects of Financial Literacy and Financial Inclusion. Sustainabil-ity, 15(9), 7045. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097045
Raza, S. A., Shah, N., & Ali, M. (2018). Acceptance of mobile banking in Islamic banks: evidence from the modified UTAUT model. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 10. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-04-2017-0038.
Rehman, Z., Akhtar, R., & Shah, S. A. (2022). The Impact of Fintech on Banks with Historical, Contemporary and Fu-ture Perspectives with Legal Perception. Journal of Development and Social Sciences, 3(3), 108–116.
Rizvi, S. K. A., Rahat, B., Naqvi, B., & Umar, M. (2024). Revolutionising finance: The synergy of fintech, digital adop-tion, and innovation. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 200, 123112.
Saeed, K., Aslam, S., Jabbar, S., Aslam, S., & Noreen, F. (2024). Perceived Trust and Its Antecedents' Impact on Inten-tions to Use Fintech: Evidence from Pakistan. Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE), 13(2), 573-582.
Sahar Iqbal. (2024, March 7). Navigating the fintech landscape in Pakistan: legal framework, opportunities and chal-lenges | International Bar Association. https://www.ibanet.org/Navigating-the-fintech-landscape-in-Pakistan
Saleem, A. (2021). Fintech revolution, perceived risks and Fintech adoption: Evidence from the financial industry of Pakistan. International Journal of Multidisciplinary and Current Educational Research, 3, 191–205.
Saleem, A. (n.d.). Fintech Revolution, Perceived Risks and Fintech Adoption: Evidence from the Financial Industry of Pakistan. In International Journal of Multidisciplinary and Current Educational Research (IJMCER) (Vol. 3). www.ijmcer.com
Senyo, P. K., Karanasios, S., Komla Agbloyor, E., & Choudrie, J. (2024). Government-Led digital transformation in FinTech ecosystems. Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 33(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsis.2024.101849
Shah, I. A. (2026). Financial systems and poverty dynamics: A literature review on the role of institutions and fintech in economic growth. International Review of Applied Economics, 40(2), 195-215.
Shamim, I., & Mohan, G. (2026). Broaden-and-build theory in marketing research: a comprehensive systematic litera-ture review using the TCCM framework. Spanish Journal of Marketing-ESIC, 30(2), 142-166.
Sharma, C., & Kushwah, S. (2025). Mapping the theory of consumption values: a systematic review using the TCCM approach. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 24(2), 562-610.
Singh, P., Singh, V. K., & Piryani, R. (2026). Scholarly article retrieval from Web of Science, Scopus and Dimensions: A comparative analysis of retrieval quality. Journal of Information Science, 52(2), 416-428.
Stein, L., Evers, N., & O'Gorman, C. (2026). Fostering conditions for digital entrepreneurship: The role of institutional entrepreneurs in driving FinTech ecosystem development. Technovation, 150, 103386.
Stephen B. U., Archibong E. E., & Asuquo P. M. (2024). Mobile Payment Applications in Countries with Low Financial Inclusion: A Multistakeholder Perspective Review. Journal of Engineering Research and Reports, 26(2), 14–32.
Stevens, J. L., Spaid, B. I., Breazeale, M., & Jones, C. L. E. (2018). Timeliness, transparency, and trust: A framework for managing online customer complaints. Business Horizons, 61(3), 375-384.
Sultan, M. F., Asim, M., Khan, R. A., & Shaikh, S. (2023). Fintech: An Opportunity or Opportunity Missed by Develop-ing Sides of the World: A Special Emphasis on Fintech Use and Prospects in Pakistan. In Financial Inclusion Across Asia: Bringing Opportunities for Businesses (pp. 109–116). Emerald Publishing Limited.
Sultana, N., Sultana, R., & Akter, M. S. (2026). Exploring mobile financial services adoption among Bangladeshi Mil-lennials: role of technology awareness, perceived value, gender, and education level. Journal of Financial Services Marketing, 31(1), 24.
Tariq, M., Maryam, S. Z., & Shaheen, W. A. (2024). Cognitive factors and actual usage of Fintech innovation: Explor-ing the UTAUT framework for digital banking. Heliyon, 10(15). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35582
Tsouris, I., Thanasas, G. L., & Rigou, M. (2026). Assessing the European Central Bank’s Institutional Capacity and Readiness for the Introduction of the Digital Euro. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 19(2), 148.
Uzair-ul-Hassan, M. (2025). Institutional Gaps and Faculty Initiatives: A Qualitative Inquiry into Interdisciplinary Re-search in Pakistan. The Critical Review of Social Sciences Studies, 3(3), 1124-1135.
Verdugo-Paiva, F., Urquhart, O., Bhosale, A. S., Martins-Pfeifer, C., Glick, M., & Carrasco-Labra, A. (2026). Develop-ment of living evidence-informed guidelines, part 4: rationale and methodology for conducting systematic reviews to inform guidelines. The Journal of the American Dental Association.
Yan, J., & Ahmad, F. (2025). Bridging Institutional Voids in a Volatile Emerging Economy: Role of Regulatory Cultur-al Stewardship as a Dynamic Capability for Sustainable AI-Enabled Digital Transformation in SMEs. Sustainability, 17(22), 10397.
Zaidi, S. A. M., & Shah, S. A. A. (2023). Fintech contribution towards economic prosperity in Pakistan. Pakistan Review of Social Sciences (PRSS), 4(1), 1–14.