How to cite this paper
Soltani, I., Hajatpour, S., Khorram, J & Nejati, M. (2013). Investigating the effect of role conflict and role ambiguity on employees' job stress :Articulating the role of work-family conflict.Management Science Letters , 3(7), 1927-1936.
Refrences
Acker, J. (1998). The future of ‘gender and organizations’: connections and boundaries. Gender,
Work & Organization, 5(4), 195–206.
Akanji, B. (2013). Realities of Work Life Balance in Nigeria: Perceptions of Role Conflict and
Coping Beliefs. Business, Management and Education, 10(2), 248-263.
Arnold, T., Flaherty, K. E., Voss, K. E., & Mowen, J. C. (2009). Role stressors and retail
performance: the role of perceived competitive climate. Journal of Retailing, 85(2), 194-205.
Babin, B. J., & Boles, J. S. (1996). The effects of perceived co-worker involvement and supervisor
support on service provider role stress, performance and job satisfaction. Journal of
retailing, 72(1), 57-75.
Baral, R., & Bhargava, S. (2010). Work-family enrichment as a mediator between organizational
interventions for work-life balance and job outcomes, Journal of Managerial Psychology 25(3),
274–300.
Bellavia, G. M., & Frone, M. R. (2005). Work–family conflict. In J. Barling, E. K. Kelloway, & M.
R. Frone (Eds.), Handbook of work stress (pp. 113–147). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Boles, J. S., & Babin, B. J. (1996). On the front lines: Stress, conflict, and the customer service
provider. Journal of Business Research, 37(1), 41-50.
Breaugh, J. A., & Colihan, J. P. (1994). Measuring facets of job ambiguity: Construct validity
evidence. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79, 191–202.
Brinkman, R. (2002). Dealing with People You Can’t Stand: How to Bring Out the Best in People at
Their Worst. McGraw-Hill, New York.
Cavanaugh, M.A., Boswell, W.R., Roehling, M.V., & Boudreau, J.W. (2000). An empirical
examination of self-reported work stress among U.S. managers. Journal of Applied Psychology, 1,
65–74.
Cicero, L., Pierro, A., & van Knippenberg, D. (2010). Leadership and uncertainty: How role
ambiguity affects the relationship between leader group prototypicality and leadership
effectiveness. British Journal of Management, 21, 411–421.
Cook, J. D., Hepworth, S. J., Wall, T. D., & Warr, P. B. (1981). Experience of work: A compendium
and review of 249 measures and their use. New York: Academic Press.
Cordery, J. L., Morrison, D., Wright, B. M., & Wall, T. D. (2010). The impact of autonomy and task
uncertainty on team performance: A longitudinal field study. Journal of Organizational Behavior,
31, 240–258.
Dua, J. K. (1994). Job stressors and their effects on physical health, emotional health and job
satisfaction in a university. Journal of Educational Administration, 32(1), 59-78.
Eby, L. T., Casper, W. J., Lockwood, A., Bordeaux, C., & Brinley, A. (2005). Work and family
research in IO/OB: Content analysis and review of the literature (1980–2002). Journal of
Vocational Behavior, 66(1), 124-197.
Epie, C. (2009). Managing time-based conflict across life domains in Nigeria: A decision making
perspective. Ife Psychological, 17, 194–216.
Fayankinnu, E. A., & Alo, O. A. (2007). Globalization and work: An insight from the Ghanaian and
Nigerian women experience, Gender and Behaviour, 5(1), 1129–1161.
Fernandez, J. P. (1986). Child care and corporate productivity: Resolving family/work conflicts.
Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
Frone, M. R., Russell, M., & Cooper, M. L. (1992). Antecedents and outcomes of work–family
conflict: Testing a model of the work–family interface. Journal of Applied Psychology, 77, 65–78.
Frone, M. R., Yardley, J. K., & Markel, K. S. (1997). Developing and testing an integrative model of
the work–family interface. Journal of Vocational Behavior,50(2), 145-167.
Glass, J. (2004). Blessing or curse? Work-family policies and mother’s wage growth over time. Work
and Occupations, 31(3), 367-394.
Gordon, J. R., Whelan-Berry, K. S., & Hamilton, E. A. (2007). The relationship among work–family
conflict and enhancement, organizational work–family culture, and work outcomes for older
working women. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 12, 350–364.
Gordon, M. D. (1981). The dissemination strategies of researchers working in the field of health and
personal social services. Social Science Information Studies, 1(5), 307-316.
Greenhaus, J. H., & Beutell, N. J. (1985). Sources of conflict between work and family
roles. Academy of management review, 10, 76-88.
Greenhaus, J. H., & Beutell, N. J. (1985). Sources of conflict between work and family
roles. Academy of management review, 76-88.
Grzywacz, J. G., Frone, M. R., Brewer, C. S., & Kovner, C. T. (2006). Quantifying work–family
conflict among registered nurses. Research in nursing & health, 29(5), 414-426.
Harris, E. G., Artis, A. B., Walters, J. H., & Licata, J. W. (2006). Role stressors, service worker job
resourcefulness, and job outcomes: An empirical analysis. Journal of Business Research, 59(4),
407-415.
Harrisons, B. (2005). Principles of International Medicine. American: New York & Sons. LTD.
Hasnain, N., Ansari, S.A., Ali, SH., Sharma, S.,(2012), Work-family conflict and occupational
stress as correlates of life satisfaction among male and female managers. International Review of
Business and Social Sciences, 1(9), 1-10.
Human Resource Management. (2005). Occupational Stress. www.HRMguide.Co.uk
Jackson, S. E., & Schuler, R. S. (1985). A meta-analysis and conceptual critique of research on role
ambiguity and role conflict in work settings. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision
Processes, 36(1), 16-78.
Jamal, M. (1990). Relationships of job stress and Type A behavior to employees’ job satisfaction,
organizational commitment, psychosomatic health problems, and turnover motivation. Human
Relations, 43(8), 727–738.
Jex, S. M., & Yankelevich, M. (2008). Work stress. In J. Barling, & C. L. Cooper (Eds.), The Sage
Handbook of Organizational Behavior, 1. (pp. 498?518)Los Angeles: Sage.
Grzywacz, J. G., Arcury, T. A., Mar?n, A., Carrillo, L., Burke, B., Coates, M. L., & Quandt, S. A.
(2007). Work-family conflict: Experiences and health implications among immigrant
Latinos. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(4), 1119-1130.
Kahneman, D., & Lovallo, D. (1993). Timid choices and bold forecasts: A cognitive perspective on
risk taking. Management Science, 39(1), 17–31.
Kelloway, E. K. & Barling, J. (1990). Item content versus item wording: disentangling role conflict
and role ambiguity. Journal of Applied Psychology. 75(6), 738-742.
Knight, D. K., Kim, H. J., & Crutsinger, C. (2007). Examining the effects of role stress on customer
orientation and job performance of retail salespeople.International Journal of Retail &
Distribution Management, 35(5), 381-392.
Li, A., & Bagger, J. (2008). Role ambiguity and self-efficacy: The moderating effects of goal
orientation and procedural justice. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 73(3), 368-375.
Major, D. A., & Germano, L. M. (2006). The changing nature of work and its impact on the workhome
interface. In F. J. Jones, R. J. Burke, & M. Westman (Eds.), Work-life balance: A
phychological perspective (pp. 1–38). New York: Psychological Press.
Matthews, R.A., Bulger, C.A., Barnes-Farrell, J.L., (2010), Work social supports, role stressors, and
work–family conflict:The moderating effect of age. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 76 , 78–90
Panatik, S. A. B., Rajab, A., Shah, I. M., Rahman, H. A., Yusoff, R. M., & Badri, S. K. B. Z. Work-
Family Conflict, Stress and Psychological Strain in Higher Education.
Poelmans, S. (2001). Work family conflict as the mediator of the work stress- mental health
relationship, in Research paper University of Navarra. University of Navarra: Spain.
Rizzo, J. R., House, R. J., & Lirtzman, S. I. (1970). Role conflict and ambiguity in complex
organizations. Administrative science quarterly, 150-163.
Schulz, J., & Auld, C. (2006). Perceptions of Role Ambiguity by Chairpersons and Executive
Directors in Queensland Sporting Organisations. Sport Management Review, 9, 183-201
Semmer, N. K., McGrath, J. E., & Beehr, T. A. (2005). Conceptual issues in research on stress and
health. In C. L. Cooper (Ed.), Handbook of stress medicine and health (pp. 1?43). (Second ed.).
London: CRC Press.
Tang, Y. T., & Chang, C. H. (2010). Impact of role ambiguity and role conflict on employee
creativity. African Journal of Business Management, 4(6), 869-881.
Tubre, T. C., & Collins, J. M. (2000). Jackson and Schuler (1985) revisited: A meta-analysis of the
relationships between role ambiguity, role conflict, and job performance. Journal of
Management, 26(1), 155-169.
Tuten, T. L., & Neidermeyer, P. E. (2004). Performance, satisfaction and turnover in call centers: The
effects of stress and optimism. Journal of Business Research, 57(1), 26-34.
Verbeke, W., Dietz, B., & Verwaal, E. (2011). Drivers of sales performance: a contemporary metaanalysis.
Have salespeople become knowledge brokers?.Journal of the Academy of Marketing
Science, 39(3), 407-428.
Wall, T., Cordery, J. L., & Clegg, C. (2002). Empowerment, performance and operational
uncertainty: A theoretical integration. Applied Psychology—An International Review, 51, 146–
149.
Wallace, J.E. (2005). Job Stress, Depression and Work-to-Family Conflict: A Test of the Strain and
Buffer Hypotheses. Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 60(3), 510-539.
Westman, M. (2001). Stress and Strain Crossover. Human Relations, 54, 717–751.
Wu, L., & Norman, I. J. (2006). An investigation of job satisfaction, organizational commitment and
role conflict and ambiguity in a sample of Chinese undergraduate nursing students. Nurse
Education Today, 26(4), 304.
Work & Organization, 5(4), 195–206.
Akanji, B. (2013). Realities of Work Life Balance in Nigeria: Perceptions of Role Conflict and
Coping Beliefs. Business, Management and Education, 10(2), 248-263.
Arnold, T., Flaherty, K. E., Voss, K. E., & Mowen, J. C. (2009). Role stressors and retail
performance: the role of perceived competitive climate. Journal of Retailing, 85(2), 194-205.
Babin, B. J., & Boles, J. S. (1996). The effects of perceived co-worker involvement and supervisor
support on service provider role stress, performance and job satisfaction. Journal of
retailing, 72(1), 57-75.
Baral, R., & Bhargava, S. (2010). Work-family enrichment as a mediator between organizational
interventions for work-life balance and job outcomes, Journal of Managerial Psychology 25(3),
274–300.
Bellavia, G. M., & Frone, M. R. (2005). Work–family conflict. In J. Barling, E. K. Kelloway, & M.
R. Frone (Eds.), Handbook of work stress (pp. 113–147). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Boles, J. S., & Babin, B. J. (1996). On the front lines: Stress, conflict, and the customer service
provider. Journal of Business Research, 37(1), 41-50.
Breaugh, J. A., & Colihan, J. P. (1994). Measuring facets of job ambiguity: Construct validity
evidence. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79, 191–202.
Brinkman, R. (2002). Dealing with People You Can’t Stand: How to Bring Out the Best in People at
Their Worst. McGraw-Hill, New York.
Cavanaugh, M.A., Boswell, W.R., Roehling, M.V., & Boudreau, J.W. (2000). An empirical
examination of self-reported work stress among U.S. managers. Journal of Applied Psychology, 1,
65–74.
Cicero, L., Pierro, A., & van Knippenberg, D. (2010). Leadership and uncertainty: How role
ambiguity affects the relationship between leader group prototypicality and leadership
effectiveness. British Journal of Management, 21, 411–421.
Cook, J. D., Hepworth, S. J., Wall, T. D., & Warr, P. B. (1981). Experience of work: A compendium
and review of 249 measures and their use. New York: Academic Press.
Cordery, J. L., Morrison, D., Wright, B. M., & Wall, T. D. (2010). The impact of autonomy and task
uncertainty on team performance: A longitudinal field study. Journal of Organizational Behavior,
31, 240–258.
Dua, J. K. (1994). Job stressors and their effects on physical health, emotional health and job
satisfaction in a university. Journal of Educational Administration, 32(1), 59-78.
Eby, L. T., Casper, W. J., Lockwood, A., Bordeaux, C., & Brinley, A. (2005). Work and family
research in IO/OB: Content analysis and review of the literature (1980–2002). Journal of
Vocational Behavior, 66(1), 124-197.
Epie, C. (2009). Managing time-based conflict across life domains in Nigeria: A decision making
perspective. Ife Psychological, 17, 194–216.
Fayankinnu, E. A., & Alo, O. A. (2007). Globalization and work: An insight from the Ghanaian and
Nigerian women experience, Gender and Behaviour, 5(1), 1129–1161.
Fernandez, J. P. (1986). Child care and corporate productivity: Resolving family/work conflicts.
Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
Frone, M. R., Russell, M., & Cooper, M. L. (1992). Antecedents and outcomes of work–family
conflict: Testing a model of the work–family interface. Journal of Applied Psychology, 77, 65–78.
Frone, M. R., Yardley, J. K., & Markel, K. S. (1997). Developing and testing an integrative model of
the work–family interface. Journal of Vocational Behavior,50(2), 145-167.
Glass, J. (2004). Blessing or curse? Work-family policies and mother’s wage growth over time. Work
and Occupations, 31(3), 367-394.
Gordon, J. R., Whelan-Berry, K. S., & Hamilton, E. A. (2007). The relationship among work–family
conflict and enhancement, organizational work–family culture, and work outcomes for older
working women. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 12, 350–364.
Gordon, M. D. (1981). The dissemination strategies of researchers working in the field of health and
personal social services. Social Science Information Studies, 1(5), 307-316.
Greenhaus, J. H., & Beutell, N. J. (1985). Sources of conflict between work and family
roles. Academy of management review, 10, 76-88.
Greenhaus, J. H., & Beutell, N. J. (1985). Sources of conflict between work and family
roles. Academy of management review, 76-88.
Grzywacz, J. G., Frone, M. R., Brewer, C. S., & Kovner, C. T. (2006). Quantifying work–family
conflict among registered nurses. Research in nursing & health, 29(5), 414-426.
Harris, E. G., Artis, A. B., Walters, J. H., & Licata, J. W. (2006). Role stressors, service worker job
resourcefulness, and job outcomes: An empirical analysis. Journal of Business Research, 59(4),
407-415.
Harrisons, B. (2005). Principles of International Medicine. American: New York & Sons. LTD.
Hasnain, N., Ansari, S.A., Ali, SH., Sharma, S.,(2012), Work-family conflict and occupational
stress as correlates of life satisfaction among male and female managers. International Review of
Business and Social Sciences, 1(9), 1-10.
Human Resource Management. (2005). Occupational Stress. www.HRMguide.Co.uk
Jackson, S. E., & Schuler, R. S. (1985). A meta-analysis and conceptual critique of research on role
ambiguity and role conflict in work settings. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision
Processes, 36(1), 16-78.
Jamal, M. (1990). Relationships of job stress and Type A behavior to employees’ job satisfaction,
organizational commitment, psychosomatic health problems, and turnover motivation. Human
Relations, 43(8), 727–738.
Jex, S. M., & Yankelevich, M. (2008). Work stress. In J. Barling, & C. L. Cooper (Eds.), The Sage
Handbook of Organizational Behavior, 1. (pp. 498?518)Los Angeles: Sage.
Grzywacz, J. G., Arcury, T. A., Mar?n, A., Carrillo, L., Burke, B., Coates, M. L., & Quandt, S. A.
(2007). Work-family conflict: Experiences and health implications among immigrant
Latinos. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(4), 1119-1130.
Kahneman, D., & Lovallo, D. (1993). Timid choices and bold forecasts: A cognitive perspective on
risk taking. Management Science, 39(1), 17–31.
Kelloway, E. K. & Barling, J. (1990). Item content versus item wording: disentangling role conflict
and role ambiguity. Journal of Applied Psychology. 75(6), 738-742.
Knight, D. K., Kim, H. J., & Crutsinger, C. (2007). Examining the effects of role stress on customer
orientation and job performance of retail salespeople.International Journal of Retail &
Distribution Management, 35(5), 381-392.
Li, A., & Bagger, J. (2008). Role ambiguity and self-efficacy: The moderating effects of goal
orientation and procedural justice. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 73(3), 368-375.
Major, D. A., & Germano, L. M. (2006). The changing nature of work and its impact on the workhome
interface. In F. J. Jones, R. J. Burke, & M. Westman (Eds.), Work-life balance: A
phychological perspective (pp. 1–38). New York: Psychological Press.
Matthews, R.A., Bulger, C.A., Barnes-Farrell, J.L., (2010), Work social supports, role stressors, and
work–family conflict:The moderating effect of age. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 76 , 78–90
Panatik, S. A. B., Rajab, A., Shah, I. M., Rahman, H. A., Yusoff, R. M., & Badri, S. K. B. Z. Work-
Family Conflict, Stress and Psychological Strain in Higher Education.
Poelmans, S. (2001). Work family conflict as the mediator of the work stress- mental health
relationship, in Research paper University of Navarra. University of Navarra: Spain.
Rizzo, J. R., House, R. J., & Lirtzman, S. I. (1970). Role conflict and ambiguity in complex
organizations. Administrative science quarterly, 150-163.
Schulz, J., & Auld, C. (2006). Perceptions of Role Ambiguity by Chairpersons and Executive
Directors in Queensland Sporting Organisations. Sport Management Review, 9, 183-201
Semmer, N. K., McGrath, J. E., & Beehr, T. A. (2005). Conceptual issues in research on stress and
health. In C. L. Cooper (Ed.), Handbook of stress medicine and health (pp. 1?43). (Second ed.).
London: CRC Press.
Tang, Y. T., & Chang, C. H. (2010). Impact of role ambiguity and role conflict on employee
creativity. African Journal of Business Management, 4(6), 869-881.
Tubre, T. C., & Collins, J. M. (2000). Jackson and Schuler (1985) revisited: A meta-analysis of the
relationships between role ambiguity, role conflict, and job performance. Journal of
Management, 26(1), 155-169.
Tuten, T. L., & Neidermeyer, P. E. (2004). Performance, satisfaction and turnover in call centers: The
effects of stress and optimism. Journal of Business Research, 57(1), 26-34.
Verbeke, W., Dietz, B., & Verwaal, E. (2011). Drivers of sales performance: a contemporary metaanalysis.
Have salespeople become knowledge brokers?.Journal of the Academy of Marketing
Science, 39(3), 407-428.
Wall, T., Cordery, J. L., & Clegg, C. (2002). Empowerment, performance and operational
uncertainty: A theoretical integration. Applied Psychology—An International Review, 51, 146–
149.
Wallace, J.E. (2005). Job Stress, Depression and Work-to-Family Conflict: A Test of the Strain and
Buffer Hypotheses. Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 60(3), 510-539.
Westman, M. (2001). Stress and Strain Crossover. Human Relations, 54, 717–751.
Wu, L., & Norman, I. J. (2006). An investigation of job satisfaction, organizational commitment and
role conflict and ambiguity in a sample of Chinese undergraduate nursing students. Nurse
Education Today, 26(4), 304.