How to cite this paper
Jafariani, H., Mortazavi, S., Nazemi, S & Bull, P. (2012). Political behavior in organizational context: nature, research and paradigm.Management Science Letters , 2(8), 2987-3000.
Refrences
Allen, R. W., Madison, D. L., Porter, L. W., Renwick, P. A., & Mayes, B. T. (1979). Organizational politics: tactics and characteristics of its actors. California Management Review, 22 (1), 77–83.
Astley, W. G., & Sachdeva, P. S. (1984). Structural sources of intraorganizational power: a theoretical synthesis. Academy of Management Review, 9 (1), 104–113.
Atinc, G., Darrat, M., Parker, B., & Fuller, B. (2010). Perceptions of organizational politics: A meta-analysis of theoretical antecedents. Journal of Managerial Issues, 21, 119-139.
Bacharach, S. B., & Lawler, E. J. (1981). Power and politics in organizations: The social psychology of conflict, coalitions, and bargaining. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Blickle, G., & Schnitzler, A. (2010). Is the Political Skill Inventory Fit for Personnel Selection? An Experimental Field Study. International Journal of Selection and Assessment,18, 155-165.
Blickle, G., Fr?hlich, J. Ehlert, S., Pirner, K, Dietl, E., Hanes T. J., & Ferris, G. R. (2011). Socioanalytic theory and work behavior: Roles of work values and political skill in job performance and promotability assessment. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 78, 136-148.
Blickle, G., Kramer, J., Schneider, P.B., Meurs, J.A., Ferris, G.R.,Mierke, J., Witzki, A.H., & Momm, T.D. (2011). Role of political skill in job performance prediction beyond general mental ability and personality in cross-sectional and predictive studies. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 41, 239–265.
Blickle, G., Schneider, P. B., Liu, Y., & Ferris, G. R. (2011). A predictive investigation of reputation as mediator of the political skill - career success relationships. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 41, 3026-3048.
Blickle, G., Wendel, S., & Ferris, G.R. (2010). Political skill as moderator of personality–job performance relationships in socioanalytic theory: Test of the getting ahead motive in automobile sales. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 76, 326–335.
Breaux, D. M., Munyon, T. P. Hochwarter, W. A., & Ferris, G. R. (2009). Politics as a Moderator of the Accountability-Job Satisfaction Relationship: Evidence across Three Studies. Journal of Management, 35, 307-326.
Buchanan, D., & Badham, R (2008). Power, Politics, and Organizational Change: winning the turf game. Sage, London.
Burns, T. (1962). Micro politics: Mechanisms of organizational change. Administrative Science Quarterly, 6, 257-281.
Chang, C. H., Rosen, C. C., & Levy, P. E. (2009). The Relationship between Perceptions of Politics and Employee Attitudes, Strain, and Behavior: A Meta-analytic Examination. Academy of Management Journal, 52, 779-801.
Cohen, A., & Vigoda, E. (1999). Politics and the workplace: An empirical examination of the relationship between political behaviour and work outcomes. Public Productivity Management Review, 22(3), 389-406.
Coll, R. K., & Chapman, R. (2000). Choices of methodology for cooperative education researchers. Asia-Pacific Journal of Cooperative Education, 1, 1-8.
Cousins, C. (2002). Getting to the “truth”: Issues in contemporary qualitative research. Australian Journal of Adult Learning, 42, 192-204.
Cyert, R.M. & March, J.G. (1963). A Behavioural theory of the firm. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Curtis, S. (2003). Lies, damned lies and organizational politics. Industrial and Commercial Training, 35(7), 293-297.
Drory, A., & Romm, T. (1988). Politics in organization and its perception within the organization. Organization Studies, 9 (2), 165–179.
Farrell, D., & Patterson, J. C. (1982). Patterns of political behavior in organizations. Academy of Management Review, 7, 403-412.
Ferris, G.R., Blickle, G., Schneider, P.B., Kramer, J., Zettler, I., Solga, J., Noethen, D., & Meurs, J.A. (2008). Political skill construct and criterion-related validation: A two-study investigation. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 23, 744–771.
Ferris, G. R., & Kacmar, K. M. (1992). Perceptions of Organizational Politics. Journal of Management, 18, 93-116.
Ferris, G. R., & King, T. R. (1991). Politics in Human Resources Decisions: A Walk on the Dark Side. Organizational Dynamics, 20, 59-71.
Ferris, G. R., Anthony, W. P., Kolodinsky, R., Gilmore, D. C., & Harvey, M. G. (2002). Development of political skill. In Wankel, C. and DeFillippi, R. (Eds), Research in Management Education and Development, Rethinking Management Education for the 21st Century. Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing, 3, 3–25.
Ferris, G. R., Frink, D. D., Galang, M. C., Zhou, J., Kacmar, M., & Howard, J. L. (1996). Perceptions of organizational politics: prediction, stress-related implications, and outcomes. Human Relations, 49 (2), 233–266.
Ferris, G. R., Russ, G. S., & Fandt, P. M. (1989). Politics in Organizations. Pp. 143-170 in Impression Management in the Organization, edited by R. A. Giacalone and P. Rosenfeld. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Ferris, G. R., Judge, T. A., Rowland, K. M., & Fitzgibbons, D. E. (1994). Subordinate influence and the performance evaluation process: Test of a Model. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 58, 101-135.
Ferris, G. R., Fedor, D. B., & King, T. R. (1994). A political conceptualization of managerial behavior. Human Resource Management Review, 4, 1–34.
Ferris, G.R., Treadway, D.C., Kolodinsky, R.W., Hochwarter, W.A., Kacmar, C.J., Douglas, C., & Frink, D.D. (2005). Development and validation of the political skill inventory. Journal of Management, 31, 126–152.
Ferris, G.R., Treadway, D.C., Perrewé, P.L., Brouer, R.L., Douglas, C., & Lux, S. (2007). Political skill in organizations. Journal of Management, 33, 290–320.
Frost, P.I. & Hayes, D.C. (1977). An exploration in two cultures of political behavior in organizations. Paper presented at the Conference on Cross Cultural Studies in Organizational Functioning, Hawaii.
Gandz, J. and Murray, V. V. (1980). The experience of workplace politics. Academy of Management Journal 23: 237-251.
G?ktürk, E. (2011). What is Paradigm? Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Norway, is available as of January 2, 2011: http://folk.uio.no/erek/essays/paradigm.pdf
Greenberg, J., & Baron, R.A. (1997). Behavior in organizations, 6th ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Guba, E. G., & Lincoln, Y. S. (1994). Competing paradigms in qualitative research. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 105-117). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Harman, W. W. (1970). An incomplete guide to the future. New York: W. W. Norton.
Harrell-Cook, G., Ferris, G. R., & Dulebohn, J. H. (1999). Political behaviors as moderators of the perceptions of organizational politics–work outcomes relationships. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 20 (7), 1093–1105.
Harrison, E. F. (1987). The Management Decision-Making Process. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.
Hirsch, P. (1987). Pack Your Own Parachute. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Jackall, R. (1988). Moral Mazes: The World of Corporate Managers. New York: Oxford University Press.
Jawahar, I.M., Meurs, J.A., Ferris, G.R., & Hochwarter, W.A. (2008). Self-efficacy and political skill as comparative predictors of task and contextual performance: A two-study constructive replication. Human Performance, 21, 138–157.
Kacmar, K. M., & Carlson, D. S. (1997). Further validation of the perceptions of politics scale (POPS): a multiple sample investigation. Journal of Management, 23 (5), 627–658.
Kacmar, K. M., & Ferris, G. R. (1991). Perceptions of organizational politics scale (POPS): development and construct validation. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 51(1), 193–205.
kanter, D. L., & Mirvis, P. H. (1989). The Cynical Americans: Living and Working in an Age of Discontent and Disillusion. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Kelly, C. M. (1988). The Destructive Achiever: Power and Ethics in the American Corporation. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Kipnis, D. (1976). The power holders. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.
Kuhn, T. S. (1970). The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. revised edition. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Lawler, E. J., & Bacharach, S. B. (1983). Political action and alignments in organizations. In S. B. Bacharach (ed.), Research in the sociology of organizations, 2, 83–107. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Lepine, J. A.,. Podsakoff, N. P., & Lepine, M. A. (2005). A Meta-Analytic Test of the Challenge Stressor-Hindrance Stressor Framework: An Explanation for Inconsistent Relationships among Stressors and Performance. Academy of Management Journal, 48 (5), 764-775.
Lewin, K. (1936). Principles of Topological Psychology. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Liu, Y., Ferris, G.R., Zinko, R., Perrewé, P.L., Weitz, B., & Xu, J. (2007). Dispositional antecedents and outcomes of political skill in organizations: A four-study investigation with convergence. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 71, 146–165.
Luthans, F. (1988). Successful vs. effective real managers. Academy of Management Executive, 11, 127–132.
Maccoby, M. (1978). The Gamesman. New York: Bantam Books
Madison, D. L., Allen, R. W., Porter, L. W., Renwick, P. A. & Mayes, B. T. (1980). Organizational politics: An exploration of managers perceptions. Human Relations, 33, 79-100.
Mangham, I. (1979). The Politics of Organizational Change. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
March, J. G. (1962). The Business Firm as a Political Coalition. Journal of Politics, 24, 662-678.
Mayes, B. T., & Allen, R. W. (1977). Toward a Definition of Organization Politics. Academy of Management Review, 2, 672-678.
Miles, R. H. (1980). Macro organizational behavior. Santa Monica, Cal.: Goodyear Publishing
Miller, B. K., & Nichols, K. M. (2008). Politics and Justice: A Mediated Moderation Model. Journal of Managerial Issues, 20, 214-237.
Mintzberg, H. (1983). Power in and around Organizations. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Mintzberg, H. (1985). The organization as political arena. Journal of Management Studies, 22, 133–154.
Minzberg, H. (1977). Policy as a Field of Management Theory. Academy of management review 2(1), 88-103.
Parker, C.P., Dipboye, R.L. & Jackson, S.L. (1995). Perceptions of organizational politics: An investigation of antecedents and consequences. Journal of Management. 21, 891-912.
Pettigrew, A. M. (1973). The Politics of Organizational Decision-making. London: Tavistock.
Pfeffer, J. (1981). Power in organizations. Boston: Pitman.
Porter, L. W., Allen, R. W., & Angle, H. L. (1981). The politics of upward influence in organizations. In L. L. Cummings & B. M. Staw (Eds.), Research in organizational behavior. 3, Greenwich, Conn.: JAI Press.
Ritzer, G. (1975). Sociology: A Multi-paradigm Science. Boston: Allyn & Bacon, Inc.
Ryan, M. (1989). Political behavior and management development. Management Education and Development, 20, 238?253.
Schein, V.E (1977). Individual power and political behaviours in organizations: an inadequately explored reality. Academy of management review, 2, 64-72.
Sederberg, P. C. (1984). The Politics of Meaning: Power and Explanation in the Construction of Social Reality. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press.
Semadar, A., Robins, G., & Ferris, G.R. (2006). Comparing the effects of multiple social effectiveness constructs on managerial performance. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27, 443–461.
Todd, S.Y., Harris, K.J., Harris, R.B., & Wheeler, A.R. (2009). Career success implications of political skill. Journal of Social Psychology, 149, 179–204.
Tushman, M. L. (1977). A political approach to organizations: A review and rationale. Academy of Management Review, 2, 206-216.
Upadhyay. B. (2010). Science, religion, and constructivism: constructing and understanding reality. Cultural Studies of Science Education Journal, 5, 41–46.
Valle, M., & Perrewe, P. L. (2000). Do politics perceptions relate to political behaviours?: tests of an implicit assumption and expanded model. Human Relations, 53(3), 359–386.
Vredenburgh, D.J. & Maurer, J.G. (1984). A process framework of organizational politics. Human Relations, 37, 47-66.
Wei. L, Liu. J, Chen. Y., & Wu. L. Z. (2010). Political Skill, Supervisor–Subordinate Guanxi and Career Prospects in Chinese Firms. Journal of Management Studies. 47(3), 437–454.
Whyte, W. H., Jr. (1956). The Organization Man. New York: Simon and Schuster.
Astley, W. G., & Sachdeva, P. S. (1984). Structural sources of intraorganizational power: a theoretical synthesis. Academy of Management Review, 9 (1), 104–113.
Atinc, G., Darrat, M., Parker, B., & Fuller, B. (2010). Perceptions of organizational politics: A meta-analysis of theoretical antecedents. Journal of Managerial Issues, 21, 119-139.
Bacharach, S. B., & Lawler, E. J. (1981). Power and politics in organizations: The social psychology of conflict, coalitions, and bargaining. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Blickle, G., & Schnitzler, A. (2010). Is the Political Skill Inventory Fit for Personnel Selection? An Experimental Field Study. International Journal of Selection and Assessment,18, 155-165.
Blickle, G., Fr?hlich, J. Ehlert, S., Pirner, K, Dietl, E., Hanes T. J., & Ferris, G. R. (2011). Socioanalytic theory and work behavior: Roles of work values and political skill in job performance and promotability assessment. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 78, 136-148.
Blickle, G., Kramer, J., Schneider, P.B., Meurs, J.A., Ferris, G.R.,Mierke, J., Witzki, A.H., & Momm, T.D. (2011). Role of political skill in job performance prediction beyond general mental ability and personality in cross-sectional and predictive studies. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 41, 239–265.
Blickle, G., Schneider, P. B., Liu, Y., & Ferris, G. R. (2011). A predictive investigation of reputation as mediator of the political skill - career success relationships. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 41, 3026-3048.
Blickle, G., Wendel, S., & Ferris, G.R. (2010). Political skill as moderator of personality–job performance relationships in socioanalytic theory: Test of the getting ahead motive in automobile sales. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 76, 326–335.
Breaux, D. M., Munyon, T. P. Hochwarter, W. A., & Ferris, G. R. (2009). Politics as a Moderator of the Accountability-Job Satisfaction Relationship: Evidence across Three Studies. Journal of Management, 35, 307-326.
Buchanan, D., & Badham, R (2008). Power, Politics, and Organizational Change: winning the turf game. Sage, London.
Burns, T. (1962). Micro politics: Mechanisms of organizational change. Administrative Science Quarterly, 6, 257-281.
Chang, C. H., Rosen, C. C., & Levy, P. E. (2009). The Relationship between Perceptions of Politics and Employee Attitudes, Strain, and Behavior: A Meta-analytic Examination. Academy of Management Journal, 52, 779-801.
Cohen, A., & Vigoda, E. (1999). Politics and the workplace: An empirical examination of the relationship between political behaviour and work outcomes. Public Productivity Management Review, 22(3), 389-406.
Coll, R. K., & Chapman, R. (2000). Choices of methodology for cooperative education researchers. Asia-Pacific Journal of Cooperative Education, 1, 1-8.
Cousins, C. (2002). Getting to the “truth”: Issues in contemporary qualitative research. Australian Journal of Adult Learning, 42, 192-204.
Cyert, R.M. & March, J.G. (1963). A Behavioural theory of the firm. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Curtis, S. (2003). Lies, damned lies and organizational politics. Industrial and Commercial Training, 35(7), 293-297.
Drory, A., & Romm, T. (1988). Politics in organization and its perception within the organization. Organization Studies, 9 (2), 165–179.
Farrell, D., & Patterson, J. C. (1982). Patterns of political behavior in organizations. Academy of Management Review, 7, 403-412.
Ferris, G.R., Blickle, G., Schneider, P.B., Kramer, J., Zettler, I., Solga, J., Noethen, D., & Meurs, J.A. (2008). Political skill construct and criterion-related validation: A two-study investigation. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 23, 744–771.
Ferris, G. R., & Kacmar, K. M. (1992). Perceptions of Organizational Politics. Journal of Management, 18, 93-116.
Ferris, G. R., & King, T. R. (1991). Politics in Human Resources Decisions: A Walk on the Dark Side. Organizational Dynamics, 20, 59-71.
Ferris, G. R., Anthony, W. P., Kolodinsky, R., Gilmore, D. C., & Harvey, M. G. (2002). Development of political skill. In Wankel, C. and DeFillippi, R. (Eds), Research in Management Education and Development, Rethinking Management Education for the 21st Century. Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing, 3, 3–25.
Ferris, G. R., Frink, D. D., Galang, M. C., Zhou, J., Kacmar, M., & Howard, J. L. (1996). Perceptions of organizational politics: prediction, stress-related implications, and outcomes. Human Relations, 49 (2), 233–266.
Ferris, G. R., Russ, G. S., & Fandt, P. M. (1989). Politics in Organizations. Pp. 143-170 in Impression Management in the Organization, edited by R. A. Giacalone and P. Rosenfeld. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Ferris, G. R., Judge, T. A., Rowland, K. M., & Fitzgibbons, D. E. (1994). Subordinate influence and the performance evaluation process: Test of a Model. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 58, 101-135.
Ferris, G. R., Fedor, D. B., & King, T. R. (1994). A political conceptualization of managerial behavior. Human Resource Management Review, 4, 1–34.
Ferris, G.R., Treadway, D.C., Kolodinsky, R.W., Hochwarter, W.A., Kacmar, C.J., Douglas, C., & Frink, D.D. (2005). Development and validation of the political skill inventory. Journal of Management, 31, 126–152.
Ferris, G.R., Treadway, D.C., Perrewé, P.L., Brouer, R.L., Douglas, C., & Lux, S. (2007). Political skill in organizations. Journal of Management, 33, 290–320.
Frost, P.I. & Hayes, D.C. (1977). An exploration in two cultures of political behavior in organizations. Paper presented at the Conference on Cross Cultural Studies in Organizational Functioning, Hawaii.
Gandz, J. and Murray, V. V. (1980). The experience of workplace politics. Academy of Management Journal 23: 237-251.
G?ktürk, E. (2011). What is Paradigm? Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Norway, is available as of January 2, 2011: http://folk.uio.no/erek/essays/paradigm.pdf
Greenberg, J., & Baron, R.A. (1997). Behavior in organizations, 6th ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Guba, E. G., & Lincoln, Y. S. (1994). Competing paradigms in qualitative research. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 105-117). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Harman, W. W. (1970). An incomplete guide to the future. New York: W. W. Norton.
Harrell-Cook, G., Ferris, G. R., & Dulebohn, J. H. (1999). Political behaviors as moderators of the perceptions of organizational politics–work outcomes relationships. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 20 (7), 1093–1105.
Harrison, E. F. (1987). The Management Decision-Making Process. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.
Hirsch, P. (1987). Pack Your Own Parachute. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Jackall, R. (1988). Moral Mazes: The World of Corporate Managers. New York: Oxford University Press.
Jawahar, I.M., Meurs, J.A., Ferris, G.R., & Hochwarter, W.A. (2008). Self-efficacy and political skill as comparative predictors of task and contextual performance: A two-study constructive replication. Human Performance, 21, 138–157.
Kacmar, K. M., & Carlson, D. S. (1997). Further validation of the perceptions of politics scale (POPS): a multiple sample investigation. Journal of Management, 23 (5), 627–658.
Kacmar, K. M., & Ferris, G. R. (1991). Perceptions of organizational politics scale (POPS): development and construct validation. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 51(1), 193–205.
kanter, D. L., & Mirvis, P. H. (1989). The Cynical Americans: Living and Working in an Age of Discontent and Disillusion. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Kelly, C. M. (1988). The Destructive Achiever: Power and Ethics in the American Corporation. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Kipnis, D. (1976). The power holders. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.
Kuhn, T. S. (1970). The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. revised edition. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Lawler, E. J., & Bacharach, S. B. (1983). Political action and alignments in organizations. In S. B. Bacharach (ed.), Research in the sociology of organizations, 2, 83–107. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Lepine, J. A.,. Podsakoff, N. P., & Lepine, M. A. (2005). A Meta-Analytic Test of the Challenge Stressor-Hindrance Stressor Framework: An Explanation for Inconsistent Relationships among Stressors and Performance. Academy of Management Journal, 48 (5), 764-775.
Lewin, K. (1936). Principles of Topological Psychology. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Liu, Y., Ferris, G.R., Zinko, R., Perrewé, P.L., Weitz, B., & Xu, J. (2007). Dispositional antecedents and outcomes of political skill in organizations: A four-study investigation with convergence. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 71, 146–165.
Luthans, F. (1988). Successful vs. effective real managers. Academy of Management Executive, 11, 127–132.
Maccoby, M. (1978). The Gamesman. New York: Bantam Books
Madison, D. L., Allen, R. W., Porter, L. W., Renwick, P. A. & Mayes, B. T. (1980). Organizational politics: An exploration of managers perceptions. Human Relations, 33, 79-100.
Mangham, I. (1979). The Politics of Organizational Change. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
March, J. G. (1962). The Business Firm as a Political Coalition. Journal of Politics, 24, 662-678.
Mayes, B. T., & Allen, R. W. (1977). Toward a Definition of Organization Politics. Academy of Management Review, 2, 672-678.
Miles, R. H. (1980). Macro organizational behavior. Santa Monica, Cal.: Goodyear Publishing
Miller, B. K., & Nichols, K. M. (2008). Politics and Justice: A Mediated Moderation Model. Journal of Managerial Issues, 20, 214-237.
Mintzberg, H. (1983). Power in and around Organizations. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Mintzberg, H. (1985). The organization as political arena. Journal of Management Studies, 22, 133–154.
Minzberg, H. (1977). Policy as a Field of Management Theory. Academy of management review 2(1), 88-103.
Parker, C.P., Dipboye, R.L. & Jackson, S.L. (1995). Perceptions of organizational politics: An investigation of antecedents and consequences. Journal of Management. 21, 891-912.
Pettigrew, A. M. (1973). The Politics of Organizational Decision-making. London: Tavistock.
Pfeffer, J. (1981). Power in organizations. Boston: Pitman.
Porter, L. W., Allen, R. W., & Angle, H. L. (1981). The politics of upward influence in organizations. In L. L. Cummings & B. M. Staw (Eds.), Research in organizational behavior. 3, Greenwich, Conn.: JAI Press.
Ritzer, G. (1975). Sociology: A Multi-paradigm Science. Boston: Allyn & Bacon, Inc.
Ryan, M. (1989). Political behavior and management development. Management Education and Development, 20, 238?253.
Schein, V.E (1977). Individual power and political behaviours in organizations: an inadequately explored reality. Academy of management review, 2, 64-72.
Sederberg, P. C. (1984). The Politics of Meaning: Power and Explanation in the Construction of Social Reality. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press.
Semadar, A., Robins, G., & Ferris, G.R. (2006). Comparing the effects of multiple social effectiveness constructs on managerial performance. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27, 443–461.
Todd, S.Y., Harris, K.J., Harris, R.B., & Wheeler, A.R. (2009). Career success implications of political skill. Journal of Social Psychology, 149, 179–204.
Tushman, M. L. (1977). A political approach to organizations: A review and rationale. Academy of Management Review, 2, 206-216.
Upadhyay. B. (2010). Science, religion, and constructivism: constructing and understanding reality. Cultural Studies of Science Education Journal, 5, 41–46.
Valle, M., & Perrewe, P. L. (2000). Do politics perceptions relate to political behaviours?: tests of an implicit assumption and expanded model. Human Relations, 53(3), 359–386.
Vredenburgh, D.J. & Maurer, J.G. (1984). A process framework of organizational politics. Human Relations, 37, 47-66.
Wei. L, Liu. J, Chen. Y., & Wu. L. Z. (2010). Political Skill, Supervisor–Subordinate Guanxi and Career Prospects in Chinese Firms. Journal of Management Studies. 47(3), 437–454.
Whyte, W. H., Jr. (1956). The Organization Man. New York: Simon and Schuster.