How to cite this paper
Aladwan, M., Muala, I & Salleh, H. (2021). Cyberloafing as a mediating variable in the relationship between workload and organizational commitment.Management Science Letters , 11(3), 1013-1022.
Refrences
Adeoti, M. O., Shamsudin, F. M., & Wan, C. Y. (2017). Workload, work pressure and interpersonal deviance in Academia: The me-diating role of neutralization. International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 7(4), 1-22.
Aghaz, A., & Sheikh, A. (2016). Computers in human behavior cyberloafing and job burnout : An investigation in the knowledge- intensive sector. Computers in Human Behavior, 62, 51–60.
Al-Hawajreh, K. M. (2012). Exploring the Relationship between Occupational Stress and Organizational Commitment among Nurses in Selected Jordanian Hospitals. Dirasat: Administrative Sciences, 161(719), 1-34.
Alipour, F., & Kamaee Monfared, M. (2015). Examining the relationship between job stress and organizational commitment among nurses of hospitals. Journal of Patient Safety & Quality Improvement, 3(4), 277-280.
Allen, N. J., & Meyer, J. P. (2000). Construct validation in organizational behavior research: The case of organizational commit-ment. In Problems and solutions in human assessment (pp. 285-314).
Anandarajan, M., Simmers, C. A., & D'Ovidio, R. (2011). Exploring the underlying structure of personal web usage in the work-place. Cyber psychology, behavior, and social networking, 14(10), 577-583.
Andersen, L. L., Fallentin, N., Thorsen, S. V., & Holtermann, A. (2016). Physical workload and risk of long-term sickness absence in the general working population and among blue-collar workers: prospective cohort study with register follow-up. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 73(4), 246-253.
Askew, K., Buckner, J. E., Taing, M. U., Ilie, A., Bauer, J. A., & Coovert, M. D. (2014). Explaining cyberloafing: The role of the theory of planned behavior. Computers in Human Behavior, 36, 510-519.
Babbie, E. (1992). The Practice of Survey Research.
Baernholdt, M., Cox, K., & Scully, K. (2010). Using clinical data to capture nurse workload: implications for staffing and safe-ty. CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing, 28(4), 229-234.
Baljoon, R. A., Banjar, H. E., & Banakhar, M. A. (2018). Nurses' work motivation and the factors affecting it: a scoping re-view. International Journal of Nursing & Clinical Practices, 2018.
Cahyadin, M. (2012). The Moderation Effect of Commitment to Supervisor and Internet Expertise on Work Stressor and Employee Cyberloafing: The Study on Employee of Local Government of Surakarta. Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business, 27(2), 271-284.
Chun, Z. Y., & Bock, G. W. (2006). Why employees do non-work-related computing: An investigation of factors affecting NWRC in a workplace. PACIS 2006 Proceedings, 79. 1259-1273.
Connelly, L. M. (2011). Cronbach's alpha. Medsurg Nursing, 20(1), 45-47.
Coker, B. L. (2013). Workplace internet leisure browsing. Human Performance, 26(2), 114-125.
Eastin, M. S., Glynn, C. J., & Griffiths, R. P. (2007). Psychology of communication technology use in the work-place. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 10(3), 436-443.
Freitas, V. H., Nakamura, F. Y., Miloski, B., Samulski, D., & Bara-Filho, M. G. (2014). Sensitivity of physiological and psychologi-cal markers to training load intensification in volleyball players. Journal of sports science & medicine, 13(3), 571.
Garrett, R. K., & Danziger, J. N. (2008). Disaffection or expected outcomes: Understanding personal Internet during work. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13(4), 937-958.
Green, L. V., Savin, S., & Savva, N. (2013). “Nurse vendor problem”: Personnel staffing in the presence of endogenous absentee-ism. Management Science, 59(10), 2237-2256.
Hansson, G. Å., Balogh, I., Ohlsson, K., Granqvist, L., Nordander, C., Arvidsson, I., & Skerfving, S. (2010). Physical workload in various types of work: Part II. Neck, shoulder and upper arm. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 40(3), 267-281.
Hart, S. G. (2006, October). NASA-task load index (NASA-TLX); 20 years later. In Proceedings of the human factors and ergonomics society annual meeting (Vol. 50, No. 9, pp. 904-908). Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA: Sage publications.
Hashemi, S. M., Jusoh, J., Kiumarsi, S., & Mohammadi, S. (2015). Exploring the role of stress on organizational commitment among employees in hospitality industry: the mediating role of job satisfaction. International Journal of Information Research and Review, 2(9), 1144-1150. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11886-015-0630-8
Hayes, L. J., O’Brien-Pallas, L., Duffield, C., Shamian, J., Buchan, J., Hughes, F., & North, N. (2012). Nurse turnover: a literature review–an update. International journal of nursing studies, 49(7), 887-905.
Henle, C. A., & Blanchard, A. L. (2008). The interaction of work stressors and organizational sanctions on cyberloafing. Journal of Managerial Issues, 383-400.
Herscovitch, L., & Meyer, J. P. (2002). Commitment to organizational change: Extension of a three-component model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 474−487.
Jain, A. K., Giga, S. I., & Cooper, C. L. (2013). Stress , Health and Well-Being : The Mediating Role of Employee and Organizational Commitment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 4907–4924.
Jamaluddin, H., Ahmad, Z., Alias, M., & Simun, M. (2015). Personal Internet use: The use of personal mobile devices at the work-place. Procedia-Social and Behavioural Sciences, 172, 495-502.
Kalyuga, S. (2011). Informing: A Cognitive Load Perspective. Informing Sci. Int. J. an Emerg. Transdiscipl. 14, 33-45.
Khansa, L., Kuem, J., Siponen, M., & Kim, S. S. (2017). To cyber loaf or not to cyber loaf: The impact of the announcement of formal organizational controls. Journal of Management Information Systems, 34(1), 141-176.
Kim, S. J., & Byrne, S. (2011). Conceptualizing personal web usage in work contexts: A preliminary framework. Computers in Hu-man Behavior, 27(6), 2271-2283.
Kivimäki, M., & Kawachi, I. (2015). Work stress as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Current cardiology reports, 17(9), 74.
Kowalski, C., Ommen, O., Driller, E., Ernstmann, N., Wirtz, M. A., Köhler, T., & Pfaff, H. (2010). Burnout in nurses–the relation-ship between social capital in hospitals and emotional exhaustion. Journal of Clinical nursing, 19(11‐12), 1654-1663.
Lee, K., Carswell, J. J., & Allen, N. J. (2000). A meta-analytic review of occupational commitment: relations with person-and work-related variables. Journal of applied psychology, 85(5), 799.
Leiter, M. P., & Maslach, C. (2009). Nurse turnover: the mediating role of burnout. Journal of Nursing Management, 17(3), 331-339.
Liberman, B., Seidman, G., Mckenna, K. Y., & Buffardi, L. E. (2011). Employee job attitudes and organizational characteristics as predictors of cyberloafing. Computers in Human behavior, 27(6), 2192-2199.
Lim, V. K. (2002). The IT way of loafing on the job: Cyberloafing, neutralizing and organizational justice. Journal of organizational behavior: the international journal of industrial, occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 23(5), 675-694.
Lim, V. K., & Chen, D. J. (2012). Cyberloafing at the workplace: gain or drain on work?. Behaviour & Information Technolo-gy, 31(4), 343-353.
MacPhee, M., Dahinten, V. S., & Havaei, F. (2017). The impact of heavy perceived nurse workloads on patient and nurse out-comes. Administrative Sciences, 7(1), 7.
Martins, J. T., Ribeiro, R. P., Bobroff, M. C. C., Marziale, M. H. P., Robazzi, M. L. D. C. C., & Mendes, A. C. (2013). Meaning of workload on the view of cleaning professionals. Acta Paul Enform., 26(1), 63-70.
Meyer, J. P., Allen, N. J., & Gellatly, I. R. (1990). Affective and continuance commitment to the organization: Evaluation of measures and analysis of concurrent and time-lagged relations. Journal of applied psychology, 75(6), 710.
Myny, D., Van Hecke, A., De Bacquer, D., Verhaeghe, S., Gobert, M., Defloor, T., & Van Goubergen, D. (2012). Determining a set of measurable and relevant factors affecting nursing workload in the acute care hospital setting: a cross-sectional study. International journal of nursing studies, 49(4), 427-436.
Niaei, M., Peidaei, M. M., & Nasiripour, A. A. (2014). The relation between staff cyberloafing and organizational commitment in or-ganization of environmental protection. Kuwait Chapter of Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 33(2534), 1-13.
Nygren, T. E. (1991). Psychometric properties of subjective workload measurement techniques: Implications for their use in the as-sessment of perceived mental workload. Human factors, 33(1), 17-33.
Ozler, D. E., & Polat, G. (2012). Cyberloafing phenomenon in organizations: Determinants and impacts. International Journal of business and government Studies, 4(2), 1-15.
Panaccio, A., & Vandenberghe, C. (2012). Five-factor model of personality and organizational commitment: The mediating role of positive and negative affective states. Journal of vocational behavior, 80(3), 647-658.
Piotrowski. (2012). Cyberloafing : A Content Analysis of the Emerging Literature. Journal of Instructional Psychology, 39, 259–261.
Rajah, R., & Lim, V. K. (2011). Cyberloafing, Neutralization, And Organizational Citizenship Behavior. PACIS, 152, 24-40.
RuningSawitri, H. S. (2012). Role of internet experience in moderating influence of work stressor on cyberloafing. Procedia-Social and Behavioural Sciences, 57, 320-324.
Sage, M. A. (2015). Cyberloafing: A study of personality factors and organizational commitment as predictor variables of cyberloaf-ing and perceived organizational acceptance.
Sawitri, H. S. R. (2012). Interaksi tekanan pekerjaan dan komitmen pada perilaku cyberloafing karyawan. Media Riset Bisnis & Ma-najemen, 12(2), 91-107.
Şen, E., Tozlu, E., Ateşoğlu, H., & Özdemir, A. (2016). The Effects of Work Stress on Cyberloafing Behavior in Higher Education Institutions. Eurasian Social Sciences Journal, 1, 523-535.
Sekaran, U. (2003). Towards a guide for novice research on research methodology: Review and proposed methods. Journal of Cases of Information Technology, 8(4), 24-35.
Siu, O. L. (2002). Occupational stressors and well‐being among Chinese employees: The role of organisational commitment. Applied Psychology, 51(4), 527-544.
Sonnentag, S., & Frese, M. (2012). Dynamic performance. Oxford library of psychology. The Oxford handbook of organizational psy-chology, 1, 548-575.
Svedberg, P., Mather, L., Bergström, G., Lindfors, P., & Blom, V. (2018). Work-home interference, perceived total workload, and the risk of future sickness absence due to stress-related mental diagnoses among women and men: a prospective twin study. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 25(1), 103-111.
Syailendra, B., & Soetjipto, B. W. (2017). IMPROVING WORK ENGAGEMENT OF GAS STATION OPERATOR WITH THE ROLE OF JOB RESOURCE, JOB DEMAND, AND JOB SATISFACTION. Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen, 15(2), 310-319.
Taber, K. S. (2018). The use of Cronbach’s alpha when developing and reporting research instruments in science education. Re-search in Science Education, 48(6), 1273-1296.
Tseng, M. L. (2011). Using a hybrid MCDM model to evaluate firm environmental knowledge management in uncertainty. Applied Soft Computing, 11(1), 1340-1352..
Ugrin, J. C., Pearson, J. M., & Odom, M. D. (2008). Profiling cyber-slackers in the workplace: Demographic, cultural, and workplace factors. Journal of Internet Commerce, 6(3), 75-89.
Usman, M., Javed, U., Shoukat, A., & Bashir, N. A. (2019). Does meaningful work reduce cyberloafing? Important roles of affective commitment and leader-member exchange. Behaviour & Information Technology, 1-15.
Verhaeghe, R., Vlerick, P., De Backer, G., Van Maele, G., & Gemmel, P. (2008). Recurrent changes in the work environment, job resources and distress among nurses: A comparative cross-sectional survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 45(3), 382-392..
Viljoen, J. P., & Rothmann, S. (2009). Occupational stress, ill health and organisational commitment of employees at a university of technology. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 35(1), 67-77.
Wan, H. C., Downey, L. A., & Stough, C. (2014). Understanding non-work presenteeism: Relationships between emotional intelli-gence, boredom, procrastination and job stress. Personality and Individual Differences, 65, 86-90.
Winefield, A. H., Gillespie, N., Stough, C., Dua, J., Hapuarachchi, J., & Boyd, C. (2003). Occupational stress in Australian universi-ty staff: Results from a national survey. International Journal of Stress Management, 10(1), 51.
Yeh, W. Y., Chiu, W. C., Chen, R. Y., Hu, P. Y., & Tsai, D. M. (2019). A preliminary evaluation of psychological stress amongst workers in Taiwan: a cross-sectional survey. International journal of mental health systems, 13(1), 34.
Zhang, J., & Zheng, W. (2009). How does satisfaction translate into performance? An examination of commitment and cultural val-ues. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 20(3), 331-351.
Aghaz, A., & Sheikh, A. (2016). Computers in human behavior cyberloafing and job burnout : An investigation in the knowledge- intensive sector. Computers in Human Behavior, 62, 51–60.
Al-Hawajreh, K. M. (2012). Exploring the Relationship between Occupational Stress and Organizational Commitment among Nurses in Selected Jordanian Hospitals. Dirasat: Administrative Sciences, 161(719), 1-34.
Alipour, F., & Kamaee Monfared, M. (2015). Examining the relationship between job stress and organizational commitment among nurses of hospitals. Journal of Patient Safety & Quality Improvement, 3(4), 277-280.
Allen, N. J., & Meyer, J. P. (2000). Construct validation in organizational behavior research: The case of organizational commit-ment. In Problems and solutions in human assessment (pp. 285-314).
Anandarajan, M., Simmers, C. A., & D'Ovidio, R. (2011). Exploring the underlying structure of personal web usage in the work-place. Cyber psychology, behavior, and social networking, 14(10), 577-583.
Andersen, L. L., Fallentin, N., Thorsen, S. V., & Holtermann, A. (2016). Physical workload and risk of long-term sickness absence in the general working population and among blue-collar workers: prospective cohort study with register follow-up. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 73(4), 246-253.
Askew, K., Buckner, J. E., Taing, M. U., Ilie, A., Bauer, J. A., & Coovert, M. D. (2014). Explaining cyberloafing: The role of the theory of planned behavior. Computers in Human Behavior, 36, 510-519.
Babbie, E. (1992). The Practice of Survey Research.
Baernholdt, M., Cox, K., & Scully, K. (2010). Using clinical data to capture nurse workload: implications for staffing and safe-ty. CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing, 28(4), 229-234.
Baljoon, R. A., Banjar, H. E., & Banakhar, M. A. (2018). Nurses' work motivation and the factors affecting it: a scoping re-view. International Journal of Nursing & Clinical Practices, 2018.
Cahyadin, M. (2012). The Moderation Effect of Commitment to Supervisor and Internet Expertise on Work Stressor and Employee Cyberloafing: The Study on Employee of Local Government of Surakarta. Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business, 27(2), 271-284.
Chun, Z. Y., & Bock, G. W. (2006). Why employees do non-work-related computing: An investigation of factors affecting NWRC in a workplace. PACIS 2006 Proceedings, 79. 1259-1273.
Connelly, L. M. (2011). Cronbach's alpha. Medsurg Nursing, 20(1), 45-47.
Coker, B. L. (2013). Workplace internet leisure browsing. Human Performance, 26(2), 114-125.
Eastin, M. S., Glynn, C. J., & Griffiths, R. P. (2007). Psychology of communication technology use in the work-place. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 10(3), 436-443.
Freitas, V. H., Nakamura, F. Y., Miloski, B., Samulski, D., & Bara-Filho, M. G. (2014). Sensitivity of physiological and psychologi-cal markers to training load intensification in volleyball players. Journal of sports science & medicine, 13(3), 571.
Garrett, R. K., & Danziger, J. N. (2008). Disaffection or expected outcomes: Understanding personal Internet during work. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13(4), 937-958.
Green, L. V., Savin, S., & Savva, N. (2013). “Nurse vendor problem”: Personnel staffing in the presence of endogenous absentee-ism. Management Science, 59(10), 2237-2256.
Hansson, G. Å., Balogh, I., Ohlsson, K., Granqvist, L., Nordander, C., Arvidsson, I., & Skerfving, S. (2010). Physical workload in various types of work: Part II. Neck, shoulder and upper arm. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 40(3), 267-281.
Hart, S. G. (2006, October). NASA-task load index (NASA-TLX); 20 years later. In Proceedings of the human factors and ergonomics society annual meeting (Vol. 50, No. 9, pp. 904-908). Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA: Sage publications.
Hashemi, S. M., Jusoh, J., Kiumarsi, S., & Mohammadi, S. (2015). Exploring the role of stress on organizational commitment among employees in hospitality industry: the mediating role of job satisfaction. International Journal of Information Research and Review, 2(9), 1144-1150. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11886-015-0630-8
Hayes, L. J., O’Brien-Pallas, L., Duffield, C., Shamian, J., Buchan, J., Hughes, F., & North, N. (2012). Nurse turnover: a literature review–an update. International journal of nursing studies, 49(7), 887-905.
Henle, C. A., & Blanchard, A. L. (2008). The interaction of work stressors and organizational sanctions on cyberloafing. Journal of Managerial Issues, 383-400.
Herscovitch, L., & Meyer, J. P. (2002). Commitment to organizational change: Extension of a three-component model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 474−487.
Jain, A. K., Giga, S. I., & Cooper, C. L. (2013). Stress , Health and Well-Being : The Mediating Role of Employee and Organizational Commitment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 4907–4924.
Jamaluddin, H., Ahmad, Z., Alias, M., & Simun, M. (2015). Personal Internet use: The use of personal mobile devices at the work-place. Procedia-Social and Behavioural Sciences, 172, 495-502.
Kalyuga, S. (2011). Informing: A Cognitive Load Perspective. Informing Sci. Int. J. an Emerg. Transdiscipl. 14, 33-45.
Khansa, L., Kuem, J., Siponen, M., & Kim, S. S. (2017). To cyber loaf or not to cyber loaf: The impact of the announcement of formal organizational controls. Journal of Management Information Systems, 34(1), 141-176.
Kim, S. J., & Byrne, S. (2011). Conceptualizing personal web usage in work contexts: A preliminary framework. Computers in Hu-man Behavior, 27(6), 2271-2283.
Kivimäki, M., & Kawachi, I. (2015). Work stress as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Current cardiology reports, 17(9), 74.
Kowalski, C., Ommen, O., Driller, E., Ernstmann, N., Wirtz, M. A., Köhler, T., & Pfaff, H. (2010). Burnout in nurses–the relation-ship between social capital in hospitals and emotional exhaustion. Journal of Clinical nursing, 19(11‐12), 1654-1663.
Lee, K., Carswell, J. J., & Allen, N. J. (2000). A meta-analytic review of occupational commitment: relations with person-and work-related variables. Journal of applied psychology, 85(5), 799.
Leiter, M. P., & Maslach, C. (2009). Nurse turnover: the mediating role of burnout. Journal of Nursing Management, 17(3), 331-339.
Liberman, B., Seidman, G., Mckenna, K. Y., & Buffardi, L. E. (2011). Employee job attitudes and organizational characteristics as predictors of cyberloafing. Computers in Human behavior, 27(6), 2192-2199.
Lim, V. K. (2002). The IT way of loafing on the job: Cyberloafing, neutralizing and organizational justice. Journal of organizational behavior: the international journal of industrial, occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 23(5), 675-694.
Lim, V. K., & Chen, D. J. (2012). Cyberloafing at the workplace: gain or drain on work?. Behaviour & Information Technolo-gy, 31(4), 343-353.
MacPhee, M., Dahinten, V. S., & Havaei, F. (2017). The impact of heavy perceived nurse workloads on patient and nurse out-comes. Administrative Sciences, 7(1), 7.
Martins, J. T., Ribeiro, R. P., Bobroff, M. C. C., Marziale, M. H. P., Robazzi, M. L. D. C. C., & Mendes, A. C. (2013). Meaning of workload on the view of cleaning professionals. Acta Paul Enform., 26(1), 63-70.
Meyer, J. P., Allen, N. J., & Gellatly, I. R. (1990). Affective and continuance commitment to the organization: Evaluation of measures and analysis of concurrent and time-lagged relations. Journal of applied psychology, 75(6), 710.
Myny, D., Van Hecke, A., De Bacquer, D., Verhaeghe, S., Gobert, M., Defloor, T., & Van Goubergen, D. (2012). Determining a set of measurable and relevant factors affecting nursing workload in the acute care hospital setting: a cross-sectional study. International journal of nursing studies, 49(4), 427-436.
Niaei, M., Peidaei, M. M., & Nasiripour, A. A. (2014). The relation between staff cyberloafing and organizational commitment in or-ganization of environmental protection. Kuwait Chapter of Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 33(2534), 1-13.
Nygren, T. E. (1991). Psychometric properties of subjective workload measurement techniques: Implications for their use in the as-sessment of perceived mental workload. Human factors, 33(1), 17-33.
Ozler, D. E., & Polat, G. (2012). Cyberloafing phenomenon in organizations: Determinants and impacts. International Journal of business and government Studies, 4(2), 1-15.
Panaccio, A., & Vandenberghe, C. (2012). Five-factor model of personality and organizational commitment: The mediating role of positive and negative affective states. Journal of vocational behavior, 80(3), 647-658.
Piotrowski. (2012). Cyberloafing : A Content Analysis of the Emerging Literature. Journal of Instructional Psychology, 39, 259–261.
Rajah, R., & Lim, V. K. (2011). Cyberloafing, Neutralization, And Organizational Citizenship Behavior. PACIS, 152, 24-40.
RuningSawitri, H. S. (2012). Role of internet experience in moderating influence of work stressor on cyberloafing. Procedia-Social and Behavioural Sciences, 57, 320-324.
Sage, M. A. (2015). Cyberloafing: A study of personality factors and organizational commitment as predictor variables of cyberloaf-ing and perceived organizational acceptance.
Sawitri, H. S. R. (2012). Interaksi tekanan pekerjaan dan komitmen pada perilaku cyberloafing karyawan. Media Riset Bisnis & Ma-najemen, 12(2), 91-107.
Şen, E., Tozlu, E., Ateşoğlu, H., & Özdemir, A. (2016). The Effects of Work Stress on Cyberloafing Behavior in Higher Education Institutions. Eurasian Social Sciences Journal, 1, 523-535.
Sekaran, U. (2003). Towards a guide for novice research on research methodology: Review and proposed methods. Journal of Cases of Information Technology, 8(4), 24-35.
Siu, O. L. (2002). Occupational stressors and well‐being among Chinese employees: The role of organisational commitment. Applied Psychology, 51(4), 527-544.
Sonnentag, S., & Frese, M. (2012). Dynamic performance. Oxford library of psychology. The Oxford handbook of organizational psy-chology, 1, 548-575.
Svedberg, P., Mather, L., Bergström, G., Lindfors, P., & Blom, V. (2018). Work-home interference, perceived total workload, and the risk of future sickness absence due to stress-related mental diagnoses among women and men: a prospective twin study. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 25(1), 103-111.
Syailendra, B., & Soetjipto, B. W. (2017). IMPROVING WORK ENGAGEMENT OF GAS STATION OPERATOR WITH THE ROLE OF JOB RESOURCE, JOB DEMAND, AND JOB SATISFACTION. Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen, 15(2), 310-319.
Taber, K. S. (2018). The use of Cronbach’s alpha when developing and reporting research instruments in science education. Re-search in Science Education, 48(6), 1273-1296.
Tseng, M. L. (2011). Using a hybrid MCDM model to evaluate firm environmental knowledge management in uncertainty. Applied Soft Computing, 11(1), 1340-1352..
Ugrin, J. C., Pearson, J. M., & Odom, M. D. (2008). Profiling cyber-slackers in the workplace: Demographic, cultural, and workplace factors. Journal of Internet Commerce, 6(3), 75-89.
Usman, M., Javed, U., Shoukat, A., & Bashir, N. A. (2019). Does meaningful work reduce cyberloafing? Important roles of affective commitment and leader-member exchange. Behaviour & Information Technology, 1-15.
Verhaeghe, R., Vlerick, P., De Backer, G., Van Maele, G., & Gemmel, P. (2008). Recurrent changes in the work environment, job resources and distress among nurses: A comparative cross-sectional survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 45(3), 382-392..
Viljoen, J. P., & Rothmann, S. (2009). Occupational stress, ill health and organisational commitment of employees at a university of technology. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 35(1), 67-77.
Wan, H. C., Downey, L. A., & Stough, C. (2014). Understanding non-work presenteeism: Relationships between emotional intelli-gence, boredom, procrastination and job stress. Personality and Individual Differences, 65, 86-90.
Winefield, A. H., Gillespie, N., Stough, C., Dua, J., Hapuarachchi, J., & Boyd, C. (2003). Occupational stress in Australian universi-ty staff: Results from a national survey. International Journal of Stress Management, 10(1), 51.
Yeh, W. Y., Chiu, W. C., Chen, R. Y., Hu, P. Y., & Tsai, D. M. (2019). A preliminary evaluation of psychological stress amongst workers in Taiwan: a cross-sectional survey. International journal of mental health systems, 13(1), 34.
Zhang, J., & Zheng, W. (2009). How does satisfaction translate into performance? An examination of commitment and cultural val-ues. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 20(3), 331-351.