This article has been retracted.
How to cite this paper
Ul-Hameed, W., Mohammad, H & Shahar, H. (2018). Retracted: Microfinance institute’s non-financial services and women-empowerment: The role of vulnerability.Management Science Letters , 8(10), 1103-1116.
Refrences
Afzal, M., Rafique, S., & Hameed, F. (2015). Measurement of living standards deprivation in Punjab using AF method periodical comparison approach. The Pakistan Development Review, 54(4), 739-763.
Akanji, O. O. (2006). Microfinance as a strategy for poverty reduction. Central Bank of Nigeria Eco-nomic and Financial Review, 39(4).
Al-Shami, S. S. A., Razali, M. M., Majid, I., Rozelan, A., & Rashid, N. (2016). The effect of micro-finance on women’s empowerment: Evidence from Malaysia. Asian Journal of Women's Stud-ies, 22(3), 318-337.
Arif, M., Hameed, W. U., Hussin, T., Azeem, M., & Basheer, M. F. (2017). Combination of micro-credit and micro-training with mediating role of formal education: A micro-Enterprise Success For-mula. Journal of Business and Social Review in Emerging Economies, 3(2), 285-291.
Atmadja, A. S., Su, J. J., & Sharma, P. (2016). Examining the impact of microfinance on microenter-prise performance (implications for women-owned microenterprises in Indonesia). International Journal of Social Economics, 43(10), 962-981.
Banerjee, S. B., & Jackson, L. (2017). Microfinance and the business of poverty reduction: Critical per-spectives from rural Bangladesh. Human relations, 70(1), 63-91.
Bernard, D. K., Kevin, L. L. T., & Khin, A. A. (2016). Entrepreneurial Success through Microfinance Services among Women Entrepreneurs in Sri Lanka: A Pilot Study and Overview of the Find-ings. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 6(3).
Bischoff, K. M., Gielnik, M. M., Frese, M., & Dlugosch, T. (2013). Limited access to capital, start-ups, and the moderating effect of an entrepreneurship training: integrating economic and psychological theories in the context of new venture creation (summary). Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Re-search, 33(5), 3.
Boholm, Å., & Corvellec, H. (2011). A relational theory of risk. Journal of Risk Research, 14(2), 175-190.
Cheston, S., & Kuhn, L. (2002). Empowering women through microfinance. Draft, Opportunity Inter-national.
Chin, W. W. (1998). Commentary: Issues and opinion on structural equation modeling. MIS Quarterly, 22(1), 7-16
Christiaensen, L.J., & Subbarao, K. (2005). Towards an understanding of household vulnerability in ru-ral Kenya. Journal of African Economies 14(4), 520–558.
Corvellec, H. (2010). The narrative structure of risk accounts. Paper presented at the SRAEurope 2010 Annual Meeting, June 21–23, in London, UK.
Dandedjrohoun, L., Diagne, A., Biaou, G., N'Cho, S., & Midingoyi, S. K. (2012). Determinants of dif-fusion and adoption of improved technology for rice parboiling in Benin. Revue d'Etudes en Agri-culture et Environnement-Review of agricultural and environmental studies, 93(2), 171-191.
Derera, E., Chitakunye, P., O’Neill, C., & Tarkhar-Lail, A. (2014). Gendered Landing Pearctices: Ena-bling South African Women Entrepreneurs to access start-up Capital. Journal of Enterprising Cul-ture, 22(03), 313-330.
Ekpe, I., Mat N., & Razak, R. (2010). The Effect of Microfinance Factors on Women Entrepreneurs’ Performance in Nigeria: A Conceptual Framework. International Journal of Business and Social Sci-ence 1(2).
Evbuomwan, G. O., Ikpi, A. E., Okoruwa, V. O., & Akinyosoye, V. O. (2012). Preferences of micro, small and medium scale enterprises to financial products in Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Eco-nomics and Development, 1(4), 80-98.
Glaub, M., & Frese, M. (2011). A critical review of the effects of entrepreneurship training in develop-ing countries. Enterprise Development and Microfinance, 22(4), 335-353.
Hameed, W. U., Hashmi, F., Ali, M., & Arif, M. U. H. A. M. M. A. D. (2017a). Enterprise Risk Man-agement (ERM) System: Implementation Problem and Role of Audit Effectiveness in Malaysian Firms. Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 5(11).
Hameed, W. U., Azeem, M., Ali, M., Nadeem, S., & Amjad, T. (2017b). The Role of Distribution Channels and Educational level towards Insurance Awareness among the General Pub-lic. International Journal of Supply Chain Management, 6(4), 308-318.
Hameed, U.H., Shabbir, M.S., Raza, A., & Salman, A. (2019a). Remedies of low performance among Pakistani e-logistic companies: The role of firm’s IT capability and information communication technology (ICT). Uncertain Supply Chain Management, 7.
Hameed, W. U., Nadeem, S., Azeem, M., Aljumah, A. I., & Adeyemi, R. A. (2019b). Determinants of E-Logistic Customer Satisfaction: A Mediating Role of Information and Communication Technolo-gy (ICT). International Journal of Supply Chain Management, 7(1), 105-111.
Hameed, W.U, Mohammad., B.M., & H. M., & Shahar, H. K (2018). Pursuing Goal of Self-Sustainability but Leads towards More Instability: Challenges and Way Forward of Self-Help Groups (SHGs). International Journal of Business and Tehnopreneurship, 8(1), 67‐76.
Harrison, R. T., & Mason, C. M. (2007). Does gender matter? Women business angels and the supply of entrepreneurial finance. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 31(3), 445-472.
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sinkovics, R. R. (2009). The use of partial least squares path modeling in international marketing. In New challenges to international marketing (pp. 277-319). Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
Herath, H. M. W. A., Guneratne, L. H. P., & Sanderatne, N. (2015). Impact of microfinance on wom-en's empowerment: a case study on two microfinance institutions in Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka Journal of Social Sciences, 38(1), 51 – 61.
Hussain, S., Rizwan, M., Nawaz, M. S., & ul Hameed, W. (2013). Impact of Effective Training Pro-gram, Job Satisfaction and Reward Management System on the Employee Motivation with mediat-ing role of Employee Commitment. Journal of Public Administration and Governance, 3(3), 278-293.
Ibru, C. (2009). Growing microfinance through new technologies. Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.
Imran, M., Aziz, A.B., Hamid, S. N. B. A., & Hameed, W. U. (2019). The contributing factors to-wards e-logistic customer satisfaction: a mediating role of information Technology. Uncertain Sup-ply Chain Management, 7(1).
Imran, M., Aziz, A., & Hamid, S. (2017). Determinants of SME export performance. International Journal of Data and Network Science, 1(2), 39-58.
Imran, M., Aziz, A., Hamid, S., Shabbir, M., Salman, R., & Jian, Z. (2018a). The mediating role of to-tal quality management between entrepreneurial orientation and SMEs export performance. Man-agement Science Letters, 8(6), 519-532.
Imran, M., Hamid, S., & Aziz, A. (2018b). The influence of TQM on export performance of SMEs: Empirical evidence from manufacturing sector in Pakistan using PLS-SEM. Management Science Letters, 8(5), 483-496.
Jamal, M. A., Raihana, A. K. A., & Sultana, H. Y. (2016). Empowerment of Muslim women through microfinance and self help groups: A case study of Chennai City. Asian Business Review, 6(2), 117-124.
Kapila, M., Singla, A., & Gupta, M. L. (2016). Impact of microcredit on women empowerment in In-dia: An empirical study of Punjab state. In Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering (Vol. 2).
Kifle, T. (2007). Do remittances encourage investment in education? Evidence from Eritrea. GEFAME Journal of African Studies, 4(1).
Kuzilwa, J. (2005). The role of credit for small business success: A study of the National Entrepreneur-ship development fund in Tanzania. The Journal of Entrepreneurship, 14(2), 131-161.
Mayoux, L. (1998). Questioning virtuous spirals: microfinance and women’s empowerment impact in Africa. Journal of International Development, 11(7), 957-984.
Mayoux, L. (2001). Tackling the down side: Social capital, women’s empowerment and micro‐finance in Cameroon. Development and Change, 32(3), 435-464.
Mayoux, L. (2005) Women's Empowerment through Sustainable Microfinance: Rethinking Best Prac-tice. Discussion Draft: 1-25.
Nahapiet, J., & Ghoshal, S. (1998). Social capital, intellectual capital, and the organizational ad-vantage. Academy of Management Review, 23(2), 242-266.
Norizaton, N. M., Abdul Halim, H., & Chong, C. W. (2011). Factors affecting profitabilitity of women entrepreneurs business in Malaysia. Annual Summit on Business and Entrepreneurial Studies (AS-BES 2011) Proceeding.
Osman, I., Ho, T. C., & Carmen Galang, M. (2011). The relationship between human resource practices and firm performance: an empirical assessment of firms in Malaysia. Business Strategy Series, 12(1), 41-48.
Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling alone: America’s declining social capital. In Culture and politics (pp. 223-234). Palgrave Macmillan US.
Rehman, H., Moazzam, A., & Ansari, N. (2015). Role of Microfinance Institutions in Women Empow-erment: A Case Study of Akhuwat, Pakistan. South Asian Studies, 30(1), 107.
Siringi, E. M., (2011). Women’s small and medium enterprises for poverty alleviation in Sub-Saharan Africa: Lesson from Kenya. Management Research Review, 34(2), 186-206.
SMEDAN (2010). A report by Small and Medium Enterprises Development Agency Nigeria (SMEDAN) in 2010.
Waring, J., & Brierton, J. (2011). Women’s enterprise and Scottish economy. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 3(2), 144-163.
Wisner, B., Blaikie, P., Cannon, T. and Davis, I. (2004). At Risk: Natural Hazards, People’s Vulnera-bility and Disasters, Routledge. New York, NY.
Zhang, Y., & Wan, G. (2006) An empirical analysis of household vulnerability in rural China. Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy 11(2), 196–212.
Akanji, O. O. (2006). Microfinance as a strategy for poverty reduction. Central Bank of Nigeria Eco-nomic and Financial Review, 39(4).
Al-Shami, S. S. A., Razali, M. M., Majid, I., Rozelan, A., & Rashid, N. (2016). The effect of micro-finance on women’s empowerment: Evidence from Malaysia. Asian Journal of Women's Stud-ies, 22(3), 318-337.
Arif, M., Hameed, W. U., Hussin, T., Azeem, M., & Basheer, M. F. (2017). Combination of micro-credit and micro-training with mediating role of formal education: A micro-Enterprise Success For-mula. Journal of Business and Social Review in Emerging Economies, 3(2), 285-291.
Atmadja, A. S., Su, J. J., & Sharma, P. (2016). Examining the impact of microfinance on microenter-prise performance (implications for women-owned microenterprises in Indonesia). International Journal of Social Economics, 43(10), 962-981.
Banerjee, S. B., & Jackson, L. (2017). Microfinance and the business of poverty reduction: Critical per-spectives from rural Bangladesh. Human relations, 70(1), 63-91.
Bernard, D. K., Kevin, L. L. T., & Khin, A. A. (2016). Entrepreneurial Success through Microfinance Services among Women Entrepreneurs in Sri Lanka: A Pilot Study and Overview of the Find-ings. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 6(3).
Bischoff, K. M., Gielnik, M. M., Frese, M., & Dlugosch, T. (2013). Limited access to capital, start-ups, and the moderating effect of an entrepreneurship training: integrating economic and psychological theories in the context of new venture creation (summary). Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Re-search, 33(5), 3.
Boholm, Å., & Corvellec, H. (2011). A relational theory of risk. Journal of Risk Research, 14(2), 175-190.
Cheston, S., & Kuhn, L. (2002). Empowering women through microfinance. Draft, Opportunity Inter-national.
Chin, W. W. (1998). Commentary: Issues and opinion on structural equation modeling. MIS Quarterly, 22(1), 7-16
Christiaensen, L.J., & Subbarao, K. (2005). Towards an understanding of household vulnerability in ru-ral Kenya. Journal of African Economies 14(4), 520–558.
Corvellec, H. (2010). The narrative structure of risk accounts. Paper presented at the SRAEurope 2010 Annual Meeting, June 21–23, in London, UK.
Dandedjrohoun, L., Diagne, A., Biaou, G., N'Cho, S., & Midingoyi, S. K. (2012). Determinants of dif-fusion and adoption of improved technology for rice parboiling in Benin. Revue d'Etudes en Agri-culture et Environnement-Review of agricultural and environmental studies, 93(2), 171-191.
Derera, E., Chitakunye, P., O’Neill, C., & Tarkhar-Lail, A. (2014). Gendered Landing Pearctices: Ena-bling South African Women Entrepreneurs to access start-up Capital. Journal of Enterprising Cul-ture, 22(03), 313-330.
Ekpe, I., Mat N., & Razak, R. (2010). The Effect of Microfinance Factors on Women Entrepreneurs’ Performance in Nigeria: A Conceptual Framework. International Journal of Business and Social Sci-ence 1(2).
Evbuomwan, G. O., Ikpi, A. E., Okoruwa, V. O., & Akinyosoye, V. O. (2012). Preferences of micro, small and medium scale enterprises to financial products in Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Eco-nomics and Development, 1(4), 80-98.
Glaub, M., & Frese, M. (2011). A critical review of the effects of entrepreneurship training in develop-ing countries. Enterprise Development and Microfinance, 22(4), 335-353.
Hameed, W. U., Hashmi, F., Ali, M., & Arif, M. U. H. A. M. M. A. D. (2017a). Enterprise Risk Man-agement (ERM) System: Implementation Problem and Role of Audit Effectiveness in Malaysian Firms. Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 5(11).
Hameed, W. U., Azeem, M., Ali, M., Nadeem, S., & Amjad, T. (2017b). The Role of Distribution Channels and Educational level towards Insurance Awareness among the General Pub-lic. International Journal of Supply Chain Management, 6(4), 308-318.
Hameed, U.H., Shabbir, M.S., Raza, A., & Salman, A. (2019a). Remedies of low performance among Pakistani e-logistic companies: The role of firm’s IT capability and information communication technology (ICT). Uncertain Supply Chain Management, 7.
Hameed, W. U., Nadeem, S., Azeem, M., Aljumah, A. I., & Adeyemi, R. A. (2019b). Determinants of E-Logistic Customer Satisfaction: A Mediating Role of Information and Communication Technolo-gy (ICT). International Journal of Supply Chain Management, 7(1), 105-111.
Hameed, W.U, Mohammad., B.M., & H. M., & Shahar, H. K (2018). Pursuing Goal of Self-Sustainability but Leads towards More Instability: Challenges and Way Forward of Self-Help Groups (SHGs). International Journal of Business and Tehnopreneurship, 8(1), 67‐76.
Harrison, R. T., & Mason, C. M. (2007). Does gender matter? Women business angels and the supply of entrepreneurial finance. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 31(3), 445-472.
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sinkovics, R. R. (2009). The use of partial least squares path modeling in international marketing. In New challenges to international marketing (pp. 277-319). Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
Herath, H. M. W. A., Guneratne, L. H. P., & Sanderatne, N. (2015). Impact of microfinance on wom-en's empowerment: a case study on two microfinance institutions in Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka Journal of Social Sciences, 38(1), 51 – 61.
Hussain, S., Rizwan, M., Nawaz, M. S., & ul Hameed, W. (2013). Impact of Effective Training Pro-gram, Job Satisfaction and Reward Management System on the Employee Motivation with mediat-ing role of Employee Commitment. Journal of Public Administration and Governance, 3(3), 278-293.
Ibru, C. (2009). Growing microfinance through new technologies. Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.
Imran, M., Aziz, A.B., Hamid, S. N. B. A., & Hameed, W. U. (2019). The contributing factors to-wards e-logistic customer satisfaction: a mediating role of information Technology. Uncertain Sup-ply Chain Management, 7(1).
Imran, M., Aziz, A., & Hamid, S. (2017). Determinants of SME export performance. International Journal of Data and Network Science, 1(2), 39-58.
Imran, M., Aziz, A., Hamid, S., Shabbir, M., Salman, R., & Jian, Z. (2018a). The mediating role of to-tal quality management between entrepreneurial orientation and SMEs export performance. Man-agement Science Letters, 8(6), 519-532.
Imran, M., Hamid, S., & Aziz, A. (2018b). The influence of TQM on export performance of SMEs: Empirical evidence from manufacturing sector in Pakistan using PLS-SEM. Management Science Letters, 8(5), 483-496.
Jamal, M. A., Raihana, A. K. A., & Sultana, H. Y. (2016). Empowerment of Muslim women through microfinance and self help groups: A case study of Chennai City. Asian Business Review, 6(2), 117-124.
Kapila, M., Singla, A., & Gupta, M. L. (2016). Impact of microcredit on women empowerment in In-dia: An empirical study of Punjab state. In Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering (Vol. 2).
Kifle, T. (2007). Do remittances encourage investment in education? Evidence from Eritrea. GEFAME Journal of African Studies, 4(1).
Kuzilwa, J. (2005). The role of credit for small business success: A study of the National Entrepreneur-ship development fund in Tanzania. The Journal of Entrepreneurship, 14(2), 131-161.
Mayoux, L. (1998). Questioning virtuous spirals: microfinance and women’s empowerment impact in Africa. Journal of International Development, 11(7), 957-984.
Mayoux, L. (2001). Tackling the down side: Social capital, women’s empowerment and micro‐finance in Cameroon. Development and Change, 32(3), 435-464.
Mayoux, L. (2005) Women's Empowerment through Sustainable Microfinance: Rethinking Best Prac-tice. Discussion Draft: 1-25.
Nahapiet, J., & Ghoshal, S. (1998). Social capital, intellectual capital, and the organizational ad-vantage. Academy of Management Review, 23(2), 242-266.
Norizaton, N. M., Abdul Halim, H., & Chong, C. W. (2011). Factors affecting profitabilitity of women entrepreneurs business in Malaysia. Annual Summit on Business and Entrepreneurial Studies (AS-BES 2011) Proceeding.
Osman, I., Ho, T. C., & Carmen Galang, M. (2011). The relationship between human resource practices and firm performance: an empirical assessment of firms in Malaysia. Business Strategy Series, 12(1), 41-48.
Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling alone: America’s declining social capital. In Culture and politics (pp. 223-234). Palgrave Macmillan US.
Rehman, H., Moazzam, A., & Ansari, N. (2015). Role of Microfinance Institutions in Women Empow-erment: A Case Study of Akhuwat, Pakistan. South Asian Studies, 30(1), 107.
Siringi, E. M., (2011). Women’s small and medium enterprises for poverty alleviation in Sub-Saharan Africa: Lesson from Kenya. Management Research Review, 34(2), 186-206.
SMEDAN (2010). A report by Small and Medium Enterprises Development Agency Nigeria (SMEDAN) in 2010.
Waring, J., & Brierton, J. (2011). Women’s enterprise and Scottish economy. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 3(2), 144-163.
Wisner, B., Blaikie, P., Cannon, T. and Davis, I. (2004). At Risk: Natural Hazards, People’s Vulnera-bility and Disasters, Routledge. New York, NY.
Zhang, Y., & Wan, G. (2006) An empirical analysis of household vulnerability in rural China. Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy 11(2), 196–212.