How to cite this paper
APA: Almajali, M., Aljboor, A., Al-Majali, H., Rasoul, E & Almajali, D. (2025). Validation of the e-learning systems success model among project manager education institutions: Legal perspective. Journal of Project Management, 10(4), 867-876.
Chicago/Turabian: Almajali, M., Aljboor, A., Al-Majali, H., Rasoul, E & Almajali, D. 2025. "Validation of the e-learning systems success model among project manager education institutions: Legal perspective." Journal of Project Management 10, no. 4 (2025): 867-876.
AMA: Almajali, M., Aljboor, A., Al-Majali, H., Rasoul, E & Almajali, D. Validation of the e-learning systems success model among project manager education institutions: Legal perspective. Journal of Project Management. 2025;10(4):867-876.
References
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Adhikari, D. R., Hirasawa, K., Takakubo, Y., & Pandey, D. L. (2012). Decent work and work life quality in Nepal: an observation. Employee relations, 34(1), 61-79.
Alam, G.M., & Parvin, M. (2021). Can online higher education be an active agent for change? —comparison of academic success and job-readiness before and during COVID-19. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 172, 121008.
Alavi, M., Wheeler, B. C., & Valacich, J. S. (1995). Using IT to reengineer business education: An exploratory investigation of collaborative telelearning. MIS Quarterly, 19(3), 293–312.
Al-Bashayreh, M., Almajali, D., Altamimi, A., Masa’deh, R. E., & Al-Okaily, M. (2022). An empirical investigation of reasons influencing student acceptance and rejection of mobile learning apps usage. Sustainability, 14(7), 4325.
Al-Fraihat, D., Joy, M., Masa'deh, R., & Sinclair, J. (2020). Evaluating E-learning systems success: An empirical study. Computers in Human Behavior, 102, 67-86.
Ali, R.A., & Arshad, M.R.M. (2018). Empirical Analysis on Factors Impacting on Intention to Use M-learning in Basic Education in Egypt. International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 19(2), 253–270.
Askaripoor Geluyake, H., Bordbar, G., Sabokro, M., & Morovati Sharifabadi, A. (2020). An Analysis of Regional Sustainable Development with Emphasis on Introducing Barriers to Decent Work (Case Study of Yazd Industry Sector). Regional Planning.
Babatunde, A., Victor, A., Abdul Azeez, O., Taoheed, A. (2019). Decent Work and Employee Performance in Nigeria: Adopting an Integrated Programmatic Approach. International Journal of Advanced Research in Statistics Management and Finance, 7(1), 207-213.
Bagozzi, R., & Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural evaluation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1), 74-94.
Bescond, D., Chataignier, A., & Mehran, F. (2003). Seven indicators to measure decent work: An international comparison. International Labour Review, 142, 179-211.
Chen, Q., Liang, M., Li, Y., Guo, J., Fei, D., Wang, L., He, L., Sheng, C., Cai, Y., Li, X., Wang, J., & Zhang, Z. (2020). Mental health care for medical staff in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(4), e15–e16.
Chen, Y., Lv, X., Jiang, Y., & Wu, T. (2013). Research on learning-monitoring system for E-Learning. 8th International Conference on Computer Science & Education, 16-18.
Cheng, S.-F., Kuo, C.-L., Lin, K.-C., & Lee-Hsieh, J. (2010). Development and preliminary testing of a self-rating instrument to measure self-directed learning ability of nursing students. International journal of nursing studies, 47(9), 1152– 1158.
Creswell, J. (2009). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. 3rd ed., Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
DeLone, W. H., & McLean, E. R. (1992). Information systems success: the quest for the dependent variable. Information Systems Research, 3, 60–95.
DeLone, W. H., & McLean, E. R. (2004). Measuring e-commerce success: applying the DeLone & McLean information systems success model. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 9, 31–47.
DeLone, W.H., & McLean, E.R. (2003). The DeLone and McLean model of information systems success: A ten-year update. Journal of Management Information Systems, 19(4), 9-30.
Elavarasan, R.M., & Pugazhendhi, R. (2020). Restructured society and environment: A review on potential technological strategies to control the COVID-19 pandemic. Science of The Total Environment, 725, 138858.
Hair, J., Black, W., Babin, B., Anderson, R., & Tatham, R. (2006). Multivariate Data Analysis. 6th ed., New Jersey: PrenticeHall.
Hair, J., Black, W., Babin, B., Anderson, R., & Tatham, R. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis. 7th ed., New Jersey: PrenticeHall.
Hollingworth, S., Mansaray, A., Allen, K., & Rose, A. (2011). Parents’ perspectives on technology and children’s learning in the home: Social class and the role of the habitus. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 27(4), 347–360.
Hossain, M. (2021). The effect of the covid-19 on sharing economy activities. Journal of Cleaner Production, 280, 124782.
Huang, D.-H., & Chueh, H.-E. (2022). Behavioral intention to continuously use learning apps: A comparative study from Taiwan universities. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 177, 121531.
Hurme, T.R., Palonen, T., & Järvelä, S. (2006). Metacognition in joint discussions: An analysis of the patterns of interaction and the metacognitive content of the networked discussions in mathematics. Metacognition and Learning, 1(2), 181– 200.
iiMedia Research. (2020). Evaluation of the effectiveness of online education in China during spring of 2019. https://report.iimedia.cn/repo14- 0/39016.html?acPlatCode=IIMReport&acFrom=recomBar_1061&iimediaId=69 747 .
Iiskala, T., Vauras, M., Lehtinen, E., & Salonen, P. (2011). Socially shared metacognition of dyads of pupils in collaborative mathematical problem-solving processes. Learning and Instruction, 21(3), 379–393.
Israel, D.J., & Velu, R. (2019). The Partial Test of UTAUT Model to Explain the Influence of Variables on the Intention to Adopt the Mobile Learning in Higher Education. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 8(8), 1076–1082.
Ivanovi´c, M., Mili´cevi´c, A.K., Aleksi´c, V., Brati´c, B., & Mandi´c, M. (2018). Experiences and perspectives of Technology-enhanced learning and teaching in higher education–Serbian case. Procedia Computer Science, 126, 1351–1359.
Järvelä, S., & Hadwin, A. F. (2013). New frontiers: Regulating learning in CSCL. Educational Psychologist, 48(1), 25–39.
Jurison, J. (1996). The temporal nature of IS benefits: A longitudinal study. Information & Management, 30(2), 75–79.
Kim, H. W., Chan, H. C., & Gupta, S. (2007). Value-based adoption of mobile internet: an empirical investigation. Decision support systems, 43(1), 111-126.
Kline, R. (2010). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling. The Guilford Press.
Li, P., & Liang, H. (2020). Factors influencing learning effectiveness of educational travel: A case study in China. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 42, 141-152.
Liaw, S.-S. (2008). Investigating students’ perceived satisfaction, behavioral intention, and effectiveness of e-learning: A case study of the blackboard system. Computers & Education, 51(2), 864–873.
Malmberg, J., Järvelä, S., & Järvenoja, H. (2017). Capturing temporal and sequential patterns of self-, co-, and socially shared regulation in the context of collaborative learning. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 49, 160–174.
Masa’deh, R., Almajali, D., Majali, T., Hanandeh, A., & Al-Radaideh, A. (2022). Evaluating e-learning systems success in the new normal. International Journal of Data and Network Science, 6(4), 1033-1042.
McGill, T.J., & Klobas, J.E. (2009). A task–technology fit view of learning management system impact. Computers & Education, 52(2), 496-508.
McGill, T.J., Hobbs, V., & Klobas, J.E. (2003). User-developed applications and information systems success: A test of DeLone and McLean’s model. Information Resources Management Journal, 16, 24–45.
Milićević, V., Denić, N., Milićević, Z., Arsić, L., Spasić-Stojković, M., Petković, D., Stojanović, J., Krkic, M., Milovančević, N.S., & Jovanović, A. (2021). E-learning perspectives in higher education institutions. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 166, 120618.
Molenaar, I., & Chiu, M.M. (2014). Dissecting sequences of regulation and cognition: Statistical discourse analysis of primary school children's collaborative learning. Metacognition and Learning, 9(2), 137–160.
Newkirk, H., & Lederer, A. (2006). The effectiveness of strategic information systems planning under environmental uncertainty. Information & Management, 43, 481-501.
Núñez-Canal, M., de Obesso, M.M., & Pérez-Rivero, C.A. (2022). New challenges in higher education: A study of the digital competence of educators in Covid times. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 174, 121270.
Oliver, R.L. (1980). A cognitive model of the antecedents and consequences of satisfaction decisions. Journal of Marketing Research, 17(4), 460–469.
Ruivo, P., Oliveira, T., & Neto, M. (2014). Examine ERP post-implementation stages of use and value: Empirical evidence from Portuguese SMEs. International Journal of Accounting Information Systems, 15(2), 166-184.
Sáiz-Manzanares, M.C., Marticorena-Sánchez, R., Rodríguez-Díez, J.J., RodríguezArribas, S., Díez-Pastor, J.F., & Ji, Y.P. (2021). Improve teaching with modalities and collaborative groups in an LMS: an analysis of monitoring using visualisation techniques. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 33, 747–778.
Seddon, P.B. (1997). A respecification and extension of the DeLone and McLean model of IS success. Information Systems Research, 8, 240–253.
Singh, J. B., Sharma, S. K., & Gupta, P. (2021). Physical learning environment challenges in the digital divide: How to design effective instruction during COVID-19? Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 48, 133–139.
Sun, P.C., Tsai, R.J., Finger, G., Chen, Y.Y., & Yeh, D. (2008). What drives a successful elearning? An empirical investigation of the critical factors influencing learner satisfaction. Computers & Education, 50(4), 1183–1202.
Szopiński, T., & Bachnik, K. (2022). Student evaluation of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 174, 121203.
Talwar, M., Talwar, S., Kaur, P., Tripathy, N., Dhir, A. (2021). Has financial attitude impacted the trading activity of retail investors during the covid-19 pandemic? Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 58, 102341.
Taylor, S., & Todd, P. (1995). Assessing IT usage: The role of prior experience. MIS Quarterly, 19(4), 561–570.
Ucan, S., & Webb, M. (2015). Social regulation of learning during collaborative inquiry learning in science: How does it emerge and what are its functions? International Journal of Science Education, 37(15), 2503–2532.
Urbach, N., & Ahlemann, F. (2010). Structural equation modeling in information systems research using partial least squares. Journal of Information Technology Theory and Application (JITTA), 11(2), 2.
Venkatesh, V., & Davis, F.D. (2000). A theoretical extension of the technology acceptance model: Four longitudinal field studies. Management Science, 46(2), 186–204.
Wang, H.C., & Chiu, Y.F. (2011). Assessing e-learning 2.0 system success. Computers & Education, 57(2), 1790-1800.
Wang, Q. (2008). A generic model for guiding the integration of ICT into teaching and learning. Innovations in education and teaching international, 45(4), 411-419.
Wang, Y.-S. (2008). Assessing e-commerce systems success: a respecification and validation of the DeLone and McLean model of IS success. Information Systems Journal, 18(5), 529-557
Wang, Y.-S., Lin, S.-J., Li, C.-R., Tseng, T.H., Li, H.-T., & Lee, J.-Y. (2018). Developing and validating a physical product e-tailing systems success model. Information Technology and Management, 19, 245–257.
Wang, Y.-S., Tseng, T.H., Wang, W.-T., Shih, Y.-W., & Chan, P.-Y. (2019a). Developing and validating a mobile catering app success model. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 77, 19-30.
Wang, Y.-T., Wang, Y.-S., Lin, H.-H., & Tsai, T.-H. (2019b). Developing and validating a model for assessing paid mobile learning app success. Interactive Learning Environments, 27(4), 458-477.
Zhao, L., Cao, C., Li, Y., & Li, Y. (2022). Determinants of the digital outcome divide in E-learning between rural and urban students: Empirical evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic based on capital theory. Computers in Human Behavior, 130, 107177.
Abu-Taieh, E., Alhadid, I., Alkhawaldeh, R., Khwaldeh, S., Masa’deh, R., Alrowwad, A., & Al-Eidie, R. (2022). An empirical study of factors influencing the perceived usefulness and effectiveness of integrating e-learning systems during the COVID-19 pandemic using SEM and ML: a case study in Jordan. Sustainability, 14(20), 13432,
Adhikari, D. R., Hirasawa, K., Takakubo, Y., & Pandey, D. L. (2012). Decent work and work life quality in Nepal: an observation. Employee relations, 34(1), 61-79.
Alam, G.M., & Parvin, M. (2021). Can online higher education be an active agent for change? —comparison of academic success and job-readiness before and during COVID-19. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 172, 121008.
Alavi, M., Wheeler, B. C., & Valacich, J. S. (1995). Using IT to reengineer business education: An exploratory investigation of collaborative telelearning. MIS Quarterly, 19(3), 293–312.
Al-Bashayreh, M., Almajali, D., Altamimi, A., Masa’deh, R. E., & Al-Okaily, M. (2022). An empirical investigation of reasons influencing student acceptance and rejection of mobile learning apps usage. Sustainability, 14(7), 4325.
Al-Fraihat, D., Joy, M., Masa'deh, R., & Sinclair, J. (2020). Evaluating E-learning systems success: An empirical study. Computers in Human Behavior, 102, 67-86.
Ali, R.A., & Arshad, M.R.M. (2018). Empirical Analysis on Factors Impacting on Intention to Use M-learning in Basic Education in Egypt. International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 19(2), 253–270.
Askaripoor Geluyake, H., Bordbar, G., Sabokro, M., & Morovati Sharifabadi, A. (2020). An Analysis of Regional Sustainable Development with Emphasis on Introducing Barriers to Decent Work (Case Study of Yazd Industry Sector). Regional Planning.
Babatunde, A., Victor, A., Abdul Azeez, O., Taoheed, A. (2019). Decent Work and Employee Performance in Nigeria: Adopting an Integrated Programmatic Approach. International Journal of Advanced Research in Statistics Management and Finance, 7(1), 207-213.
Bagozzi, R., & Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural evaluation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1), 74-94.
Bescond, D., Chataignier, A., & Mehran, F. (2003). Seven indicators to measure decent work: An international comparison. International Labour Review, 142, 179-211.
Chen, Q., Liang, M., Li, Y., Guo, J., Fei, D., Wang, L., He, L., Sheng, C., Cai, Y., Li, X., Wang, J., & Zhang, Z. (2020). Mental health care for medical staff in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(4), e15–e16.
Chen, Y., Lv, X., Jiang, Y., & Wu, T. (2013). Research on learning-monitoring system for E-Learning. 8th International Conference on Computer Science & Education, 16-18.
Cheng, S.-F., Kuo, C.-L., Lin, K.-C., & Lee-Hsieh, J. (2010). Development and preliminary testing of a self-rating instrument to measure self-directed learning ability of nursing students. International journal of nursing studies, 47(9), 1152– 1158.
Creswell, J. (2009). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. 3rd ed., Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
DeLone, W. H., & McLean, E. R. (1992). Information systems success: the quest for the dependent variable. Information Systems Research, 3, 60–95.
DeLone, W. H., & McLean, E. R. (2004). Measuring e-commerce success: applying the DeLone & McLean information systems success model. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 9, 31–47.
DeLone, W.H., & McLean, E.R. (2003). The DeLone and McLean model of information systems success: A ten-year update. Journal of Management Information Systems, 19(4), 9-30.
Elavarasan, R.M., & Pugazhendhi, R. (2020). Restructured society and environment: A review on potential technological strategies to control the COVID-19 pandemic. Science of The Total Environment, 725, 138858.
Hair, J., Black, W., Babin, B., Anderson, R., & Tatham, R. (2006). Multivariate Data Analysis. 6th ed., New Jersey: PrenticeHall.
Hair, J., Black, W., Babin, B., Anderson, R., & Tatham, R. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis. 7th ed., New Jersey: PrenticeHall.
Hollingworth, S., Mansaray, A., Allen, K., & Rose, A. (2011). Parents’ perspectives on technology and children’s learning in the home: Social class and the role of the habitus. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 27(4), 347–360.
Hossain, M. (2021). The effect of the covid-19 on sharing economy activities. Journal of Cleaner Production, 280, 124782.
Huang, D.-H., & Chueh, H.-E. (2022). Behavioral intention to continuously use learning apps: A comparative study from Taiwan universities. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 177, 121531.
Hurme, T.R., Palonen, T., & Järvelä, S. (2006). Metacognition in joint discussions: An analysis of the patterns of interaction and the metacognitive content of the networked discussions in mathematics. Metacognition and Learning, 1(2), 181– 200.
iiMedia Research. (2020). Evaluation of the effectiveness of online education in China during spring of 2019. https://report.iimedia.cn/repo14- 0/39016.html?acPlatCode=IIMReport&acFrom=recomBar_1061&iimediaId=69 747 .
Iiskala, T., Vauras, M., Lehtinen, E., & Salonen, P. (2011). Socially shared metacognition of dyads of pupils in collaborative mathematical problem-solving processes. Learning and Instruction, 21(3), 379–393.
Israel, D.J., & Velu, R. (2019). The Partial Test of UTAUT Model to Explain the Influence of Variables on the Intention to Adopt the Mobile Learning in Higher Education. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 8(8), 1076–1082.
Ivanovi´c, M., Mili´cevi´c, A.K., Aleksi´c, V., Brati´c, B., & Mandi´c, M. (2018). Experiences and perspectives of Technology-enhanced learning and teaching in higher education–Serbian case. Procedia Computer Science, 126, 1351–1359.
Järvelä, S., & Hadwin, A. F. (2013). New frontiers: Regulating learning in CSCL. Educational Psychologist, 48(1), 25–39.
Jurison, J. (1996). The temporal nature of IS benefits: A longitudinal study. Information & Management, 30(2), 75–79.
Kim, H. W., Chan, H. C., & Gupta, S. (2007). Value-based adoption of mobile internet: an empirical investigation. Decision support systems, 43(1), 111-126.
Kline, R. (2010). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling. The Guilford Press.
Li, P., & Liang, H. (2020). Factors influencing learning effectiveness of educational travel: A case study in China. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 42, 141-152.
Liaw, S.-S. (2008). Investigating students’ perceived satisfaction, behavioral intention, and effectiveness of e-learning: A case study of the blackboard system. Computers & Education, 51(2), 864–873.
Malmberg, J., Järvelä, S., & Järvenoja, H. (2017). Capturing temporal and sequential patterns of self-, co-, and socially shared regulation in the context of collaborative learning. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 49, 160–174.
Masa’deh, R., Almajali, D., Majali, T., Hanandeh, A., & Al-Radaideh, A. (2022). Evaluating e-learning systems success in the new normal. International Journal of Data and Network Science, 6(4), 1033-1042.
McGill, T.J., & Klobas, J.E. (2009). A task–technology fit view of learning management system impact. Computers & Education, 52(2), 496-508.
McGill, T.J., Hobbs, V., & Klobas, J.E. (2003). User-developed applications and information systems success: A test of DeLone and McLean’s model. Information Resources Management Journal, 16, 24–45.
Milićević, V., Denić, N., Milićević, Z., Arsić, L., Spasić-Stojković, M., Petković, D., Stojanović, J., Krkic, M., Milovančević, N.S., & Jovanović, A. (2021). E-learning perspectives in higher education institutions. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 166, 120618.
Molenaar, I., & Chiu, M.M. (2014). Dissecting sequences of regulation and cognition: Statistical discourse analysis of primary school children's collaborative learning. Metacognition and Learning, 9(2), 137–160.
Newkirk, H., & Lederer, A. (2006). The effectiveness of strategic information systems planning under environmental uncertainty. Information & Management, 43, 481-501.
Núñez-Canal, M., de Obesso, M.M., & Pérez-Rivero, C.A. (2022). New challenges in higher education: A study of the digital competence of educators in Covid times. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 174, 121270.
Oliver, R.L. (1980). A cognitive model of the antecedents and consequences of satisfaction decisions. Journal of Marketing Research, 17(4), 460–469.
Ruivo, P., Oliveira, T., & Neto, M. (2014). Examine ERP post-implementation stages of use and value: Empirical evidence from Portuguese SMEs. International Journal of Accounting Information Systems, 15(2), 166-184.
Sáiz-Manzanares, M.C., Marticorena-Sánchez, R., Rodríguez-Díez, J.J., RodríguezArribas, S., Díez-Pastor, J.F., & Ji, Y.P. (2021). Improve teaching with modalities and collaborative groups in an LMS: an analysis of monitoring using visualisation techniques. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 33, 747–778.
Seddon, P.B. (1997). A respecification and extension of the DeLone and McLean model of IS success. Information Systems Research, 8, 240–253.
Singh, J. B., Sharma, S. K., & Gupta, P. (2021). Physical learning environment challenges in the digital divide: How to design effective instruction during COVID-19? Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 48, 133–139.
Sun, P.C., Tsai, R.J., Finger, G., Chen, Y.Y., & Yeh, D. (2008). What drives a successful elearning? An empirical investigation of the critical factors influencing learner satisfaction. Computers & Education, 50(4), 1183–1202.
Szopiński, T., & Bachnik, K. (2022). Student evaluation of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 174, 121203.
Talwar, M., Talwar, S., Kaur, P., Tripathy, N., Dhir, A. (2021). Has financial attitude impacted the trading activity of retail investors during the covid-19 pandemic? Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 58, 102341.
Taylor, S., & Todd, P. (1995). Assessing IT usage: The role of prior experience. MIS Quarterly, 19(4), 561–570.
Ucan, S., & Webb, M. (2015). Social regulation of learning during collaborative inquiry learning in science: How does it emerge and what are its functions? International Journal of Science Education, 37(15), 2503–2532.
Urbach, N., & Ahlemann, F. (2010). Structural equation modeling in information systems research using partial least squares. Journal of Information Technology Theory and Application (JITTA), 11(2), 2.
Venkatesh, V., & Davis, F.D. (2000). A theoretical extension of the technology acceptance model: Four longitudinal field studies. Management Science, 46(2), 186–204.
Wang, H.C., & Chiu, Y.F. (2011). Assessing e-learning 2.0 system success. Computers & Education, 57(2), 1790-1800.
Wang, Q. (2008). A generic model for guiding the integration of ICT into teaching and learning. Innovations in education and teaching international, 45(4), 411-419.
Wang, Y.-S. (2008). Assessing e-commerce systems success: a respecification and validation of the DeLone and McLean model of IS success. Information Systems Journal, 18(5), 529-557
Wang, Y.-S., Lin, S.-J., Li, C.-R., Tseng, T.H., Li, H.-T., & Lee, J.-Y. (2018). Developing and validating a physical product e-tailing systems success model. Information Technology and Management, 19, 245–257.
Wang, Y.-S., Tseng, T.H., Wang, W.-T., Shih, Y.-W., & Chan, P.-Y. (2019a). Developing and validating a mobile catering app success model. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 77, 19-30.
Wang, Y.-T., Wang, Y.-S., Lin, H.-H., & Tsai, T.-H. (2019b). Developing and validating a model for assessing paid mobile learning app success. Interactive Learning Environments, 27(4), 458-477.
Zhao, L., Cao, C., Li, Y., & Li, Y. (2022). Determinants of the digital outcome divide in E-learning between rural and urban students: Empirical evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic based on capital theory. Computers in Human Behavior, 130, 107177.